英语一轮语法

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　　英语一轮语法(1)

　　虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。

　　一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

　　1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：

　　一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)

　　主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

　　If we had time now, we would read it again.

　　If I were you, I would work hard.

　　2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词;

　　主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

　　If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.

　　If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.

　　3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：

　　条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形;

　　主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

　　If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

　　If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.

　　P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况

　　(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气

　　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，

　　称为‘错综条件句’，

　　动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

　　If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.

　　(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)

　　If I were you, I would have taken his advice.

　　(从句是现在，主句是过去)

　　(2)省略if的虚拟语气

　　如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，

　　省略if.采用倒装语序。

　　If it should happen, what would you do?

　　Should it happen, what would you do?

　　If he had recognized me, he would have come over.

　　Had he recognized me, he would have come over.

　　(3)含蓄虚拟条件句

　　有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，

　　而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。

　　常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。

　　Without your help(=If we had not had your help),

　　we could not have succeeded.

　　But for electricity(=If there were no electricity,

　　there would be no modern industry.

　　He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise

　　he would have attended the party.

　　(4)在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。

　　If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

　　If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.

　　二.虚拟语气用在名词性从句中

　　1.主语从句中的虚拟语气

　　这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词(名词，过去分词)+that+主语+should+动词原形

　　(should可以省略)这种结构中。

　　常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising,

　　natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.

　　常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested,

　　desired, required, ordered, suggested.

　　常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret,

　　shame.

　　It was suggested that he(should)join the club activities.

　　It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not

　　have been invited.

　　It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.

　　2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为要是，但愿…就好了)，

　　其形式主要有三种：

　　表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句

　　表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done

　　表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形

　　I wish it were spring all year round.

　　I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

　　She wished she had stayed at home.

　　② 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。

　　此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist(要求),

　　order, prefer, command, ask, request.

　　The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.

　　P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意;insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，

　　从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。

　　The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

　　The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.

　　英语一轮语法(2)

　　表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用

　　(should)+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request,

　　demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.

　　He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.

　　His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

　　三.虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用

　　1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。

　　其形式如下：

　　主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时(从句的动作与主句同时发生)

　　主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形

　　(从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生)

　　主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时(从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前)

　　He talks as if he knew all about it.

　　She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.

　　He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.

　　2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，

　　有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。

　　It is time that we went home.

　　P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。

　　This is the first time that I have been here.

　　3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿，但愿)。

　　Would rather +主语+一般过去时(表示与现在或将来相反)

　　Would rather +主语+过去完成时(表示与过去相反)

　　I’d rather he didn’t go now.

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done it.

　　4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。

　　5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，

　　表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’

　　He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.

　　英语一轮语法(3)

　　1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

　　A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

　　2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.

　　A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

　　d3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

　　A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

　　b4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

　　A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

　　c5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison

　　A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer

　　6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____

　　A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

　　7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

　　A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is

　　8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

　　---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

　　A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told

　　9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible

　　---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework

　　A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

　　10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet

　　A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in

　　11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

　　A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for

　　12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going

　　A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent

　　C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented

　　13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam

　　A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work

　　14. ____today, he would get there by Friday

　　A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left

　　15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now

　　A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

　　16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

　　A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come

　　17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

　　A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped

　　18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday

　　A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb

　　19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today

　　A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

　　20. ---I am going to tell her the news

　　---I would as soon you _____her about it

　　A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell

　　21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home

　　A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay

　　22. It was requested that the play ____again

　　A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on

　　23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately

　　A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent

　　24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness

　　----Yes, but ____it

　　A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do

　　25. If only I ___my car

　　A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost

　　26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth

　　A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be

　　27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being

　　A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

　　28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son

　　A. is B. were C. had been D. should be

　　29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more

　　A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be

　　30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem

　　A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held

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