高考英语必考的40个重点句型

导读：　　　句型14　　unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not)　　[例句]　　I shall go tomorrow unless it rains 如果不下雨，我明天去。 ...

　　句型14

　　unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not)

　　[例句]

　　I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。

　　-Shall Tom go and play football?

　　-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。

　　I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself.

　　除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。

　　I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited)。 除非被邀请，否则我不

　　去参加的生日晚会。

　　句型15

　　when引导的从句

　　when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是"这 时突然;就在那时"，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主语 + be doing… when…意思是"正在做某事这时……";(2)、主语 + be about to do…when…;(3)、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是"正要去做某事这时……"

　　[例句]

　　One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。

　　I don't know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。

　　I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。

　　I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。

　　I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。

　　I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。

　　I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我刚做完作业，下课铃响了。

　　I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法国时那段快乐日子。

　　I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。

　　[比较]

　　I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。

　　I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。

　　句型16

　　while引导的从句

　　while除了有"当/在……时候"的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点： (1)while = although "尽管"、"虽然"，引导让步状语从句;(2)while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用来表达对比关系。

　　[例句]

　　While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.

　　尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。

　　While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.

　　虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。

　　While I was angry with her, I didn't lose my temper.

　　虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。

　　While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解， 我还是不能同意(你)。

　　I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只赚120美元，她却赚180美元。

　　句型17

　　where…(地点从句)

　　[注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。

　　[例句]

　　You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。

　　Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.

　　不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。

　　Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

　　Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。

　　Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。

　　That is the building where my father works. 那是我父亲工作的大楼。

　　Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。

　　That's where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。

　　We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。

　　You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。

　　Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引导定语从句)

　　有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。

　　[请比较下面的句子结构的不同]

　　Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引导地点状语从句)

　　句型18

　　what引导的从句

　　what在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。

　　[例句]

　　What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?

　　What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱?

　　What is most important in life isn't money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。

　　Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗?

　　Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已经不是10年前的她了。

　　句型19

　　as引导的非限制性定语从句

　　在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。

　　[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

　　[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指"事先可以预料到的""料想到的"，表达"好"的方面。

　　[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。

　　[例句]

　　This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。

　　The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。

　　Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。

　　It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。

　　He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。

　　Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

　　那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。

　　句型20

　　which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)

　　which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词 的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是"不好的"、"事先没有预料到的"等时，常用which，只指物。

　　[例句]

　　Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。

　　The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。

　　The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.

　　那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。

　　She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

　　I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。

　　The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，

　　这是我们没有预料到的。

　　句型21

　　(1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,

　　wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。

　　[例句]

　　Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.

　　无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。

　　Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。

　　Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。

　　Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.

　　此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。

　　Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。

　　Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.

　　Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.

　　他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。

　　However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can't find the answer.

　　(2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。

　　[例句]

　　Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。

　　We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。

　　I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。

　　Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。

　　Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。

　　You may invite whomever(口语中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。

　　Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。

　　倒装结构

　　句型22

　　全倒装句型(一)

　　here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装

　　[例句]

　　There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!

　　Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。

　　Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。

　　Away went the thief when he saw the police.

　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。

　　[注意]

　　(1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。

　　(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。

　　句型23

　　全倒装句型(二)

　　表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。

　　[例句]

　　On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。

　　In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。

　　Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。

　　Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。

　　句型24

　　全倒装句型(三)

　　(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)…

　　So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句。)

　　[例句]

　　Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。

　　Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。

　　Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。

　　Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。

　　Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.

　　农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。

　　Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。

　　So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

　　他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。

　　So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。

　　句型25

　　半倒装句(一)

　　否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(决不)， at no time(在任何时候都不)，nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(决不) 等。

　　[例句]

　　Never shall I forget you.

　　At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。

　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。

　　It's beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.

　　那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。

　　Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。

　　By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。

　　On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。

　　句型26

　　半倒装句(二)

　　not only…， but also…(前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装)

　　[例句]

　　Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。

　　They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会，还要进行表演。

　　Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。

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