The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文

导读：　The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇一：The Development of Ballet(原文和译文) ...

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The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇一：The Development of Ballet(原文和译文)

The Development of Ballet(原文和译文)

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russees, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

芭蕾舞的发展

芭蕾舞是一种历史悠久的舞蹈形式。事实上芭蕾舞延续至今说明了其随着时代的变化而有所调整。

在文艺复兴时期，芭蕾舞开始于皇家宫廷。在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与盛会的表演。当这些娱乐形式从意大利宫廷流传到法国宫廷的时候，宫女们开始参与进来。虽然她们的长裙子阻碍了很多的动作，但是她们能够表演复杂的步伐。直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改出穿平底鞋，并且开始了一些男舞者表演的跳跃和转圈动作。

而且也是在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生。法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院，而他本身就是一个芭蕾舞爱好者。由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。18世纪末，发生了另一个重要的改变，芭蕾舞开始通过自己的表演来讲述故事。它再也不仅仅是幕间表演的插舞。精致的假发和服装被淘汰。在19世纪初，物学者学会了用脚尖站立使其看起来像是在漂浮。

正如我们所知，现如今古典芭蕾主要受到了俄罗斯舞蹈的影响。在19世纪中叶，当欧洲其他国家对于芭蕾舞的兴趣有所减少时，俄罗斯人始终保持着对芭蕾舞的兴趣。在20世纪初，最有影响力的人物之一便是谢尔盖﹒基列夫。他的舞蹈公司俄罗斯芭蕾舞团，为芭蕾带来了新的动力与活力。他的主要助手之一，乔治﹒巴兰钦，在1948年建立了纽约市芭蕾舞舞蹈团并影响了新一代的舞者。

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇二：职称英语阅读理解第11篇：The Development of Ballet

第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history.芭蕾舞是一种历史悠久的舞蹈形式。 The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.事实上芭蕾舞延续至今说明了其随着时代的变化而有所调整。

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. 在文艺复兴时期，芭蕾舞开始于皇家宫廷。At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance.1在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与盛会的表演。 As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. 当这些娱乐形式从意大利宫廷流传到法 国宫廷的时候，宫女们开始参与进来。Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns.虽然她们的长裙子阻碍了很多的动作，但是她们能够表演 复杂的步伐。 It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.2直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且开始做一

些男舞者表演的跳跃和转圈动作。

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. 而且也是在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞舞蹈团应运而生。King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance.法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学 院，而他本身就是一个芭蕾舞爱好者。 The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized.3 由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。In the late 1700s another important change occurred.18世纪末，发生了另一个重要的改变。 Ballet began to tell a story on its own.芭蕾舞幵始通过自己的表演来 讲述故事。 It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.它再也不仅仅是幕间表演的插舞。 Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. 精致的假发和服装被淘汰。By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating.在19世纪初，舞者学会了用脚尖站立使其看起来像是在漂浮。

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. 正如我们所知，现如今古典芭蕾主要受到了俄罗斯舞蹈的影响。The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. 在19世纪中叶，当欧洲其他 国

家对于芭蕾舞的兴趣有所减少时，俄罗斯人始终保持着对芭蕾舞的兴趣。 One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.在20世纪初，最有影 响力的人物之一便是谢尔盖?基列夫。His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. 他的舞蹈公司俄罗斯芭蕾舞团，为芭蕾带来了新的动力与 活力。One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.他的主要助手之一，乔治?巴兰钦，在1948年建立了纽约市芭蕾舞舞蹈团并影响了新一代的舞者。

词汇：

adjust /v．调整

pageant /n．盛会

eliminate/ v．淘汰

influential /adj．有影响力的

注释：

1 .At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance．在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。

2. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men．直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。

3. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized．由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。

练习：

1. This passage deals mainly with ______.

A) famous names in ballet

B) French versus Russian ballet

C) the way ballet developed

D) why ballet is no longer popular

2. An important influence in early ballet was ______.

A) Balanchine

B) Marie Antoinette

C) Diaghilev

D) Louis XIV

3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇三：2012(综合类)阅读理解全文及中文翻译

2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解目录

1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事

2.第二篇：Outside-the –classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课处学习带来很大不同

3.第三篇：Milosevic‘s Death 米洛舍维奇之死

4.第四篇：Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

5.第五篇：Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少

6.第六篇：TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行

7.第七篇：Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者

8.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级

9.第九篇：Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色

10.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信

11.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展

12.第十二篇：Smuggling走私

13.第十三篇：The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃

14.第十四篇：Sleep睡眠

15.第十五篇：Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机

16.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠

17.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔

18.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education美国教育的目标

19.*第十九篇：The Family家庭

20.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去

21.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离

22.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情

23.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上

24.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场

25.*第二十五篇：Income收入

26.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界

27.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性

28.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构

29.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们

30.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活

31.第三十一篇：Pool Watch泳池监护

32.第三十二篇：The Cherokee Nation彻罗基部落

33.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty

34.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡

35.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路

36.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事

37.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐

38.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子

39.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭

40.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape美国疾病预防新政策

41.第四十一篇：The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营

42. 第四十二篇：Sauna桑拿浴

43. 第四十三篇：Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗

44. 第四十四篇：Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人

45. 第四十五篇：Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性穿超短裙时间更长

46. 第四十六篇：Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要

47.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生

48.第四十八篇：Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动

49.第四十九篇：The Beginning of American Literature美国文学的开端

50.第五十篇：Older Volcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发

第一篇 Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事

最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一，就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。

自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明•富兰克林和海伦•凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯•乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。

传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于乐观也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花费许多年来研究并进行书写。

第二篇：Outside-the –classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课处学习带来很大不同

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvornne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于们的校园一角。 威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”

但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。

Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”

第三篇：Milosevic’s Death 米洛舍维奇之死

上周六前南斯拉夫领袖米洛舍维奇•史洛波登死于设在海牙的前南斯拉夫国际刑事法庭的牢房里。终年64岁。自2002年2月以来米洛舍维奇一直在那里受审。

米洛舍维奇1941年生于南斯拉夫塞尔维亚的波扎雷瓦茨市。他在家排行老二。爸爸是牧师，妈妈是学校的老师。早在他幼年时便父母双亡。据他的私人传记作者讲，小米洛舍维奇很一般。他―对体育不感

兴趣，尽量避免旅行。经常穿白色的衬衫打着领带，打扮得

老气横秋的来上学‖。他的一个老朋友说，他能―把他想象成一个站长或是一个一丝不苟的公务员。‖ 事实上，如果不是跟米拉结婚的话，他有可能成为这样一个人。大家认为她是他的动力。

大学以后他表现得很好。他在多家不同的公司工作过，是个共产主义者。1986年，任塞尔维亚共产党总书记。但是直到这时他仍未受到真正的重用。

是科索沃给了他这次机会。科索沃是塞尔维亚的自治区，以阿尔巴尼亚民族为主，少数人是塞尔维亚人。1989年，他被派到科索沃去消除感觉受到歧视的塞尔维亚人的恐慌。

然而在抗议中米洛舍维奇一直充当着塞尔维亚人保护者的角色。这样一来，他便成了一个残忍暴戾的人。他在家里和米拉谋划他的政敌的垮台。和塞尔维亚电台的导演共同谋划上演一出目的在于让他获得全国最大权力的现代媒体大战。

1990年，他被选为塞尔维亚的总统。1997年，他当选为南斯拉夫的总统。接下来的故事就众所周知了。他的民族主义者的身份导致了南斯拉夫的其他种族为自己的权利、土地而战。1991年，6个共和国中的4个宣布独立后，南斯拉夫解体了。战争开始后持续了好几年，死伤百万人。接着西方国家干预了进来。北大西洋公约组织炮轰了南斯拉夫，2000年这位领导人最终下台了。不久，塞尔维亚新政府逮捕了他，并送他去接受海牙的南斯拉夫 战争审判法庭的正义审判。

第四篇：Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。

似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二，美国人还会庆祝另外一个节日 一一 感恩节。

孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。

每年在Gainesville，佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。

Dean Foster，一个11岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说：―我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。‖

他9岁的弟弟 Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。

但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean 和 Ben 的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。

每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。

感恩节是一个传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。 很多国家庆祝感恩节。时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。

第五篇：Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少

根据周三在北京举行的记者招待会发布的调查显示，较之去年，中日人民对待彼此的态度稍微积极了一些。

这项调查是由《中国日报》和Genron共同负责的，Genron是日本一家非营利性组织，类似于美国外交关系委员会。它也曾压倒性的赞同中日两国关系很重要。

这项调查是北京——东京论坛的一部分。北京——东京论坛是一个中日两国高级政府官员或非政府组织代表们会面的年会，旨在推动两国间的相互理解和交流。

这项调查每年实施一次，现在已经是第五年了。他主要关注两类人群：普通市民和知识分子。在中国被调查的知识分子主要是像北京大学这样知名大学的大学生们。而在日本的知识分子群体则主要是由非营利组织Genron的前任成员组成的。

被调查的中国普通市民中有35．7％的人认为他们对日本人的印象‖很好‖或是‖相对较好‖，比去年增长了5．5个百分点。45．2％的中国学生对日本人有好感，比去年增加了2个百分点。但是，却只有26．6％

的日本人对中国人有好感。

但是，两国代表中仍然有压倒性的多数人认为中日关系一直‖很重要‖，并且期待两国领导们能相互加强对话和合作。

但是，在中国有51．9％的普通人群和42．4％的学生认为他们在过去的一年里没有看到两国关系的任何变化。在日本有64．8％的普通人群和53．4％的知识分子认为今年中日双边关系没有任何进展。

调查显示，历史问题和恐怖主义争执依然是推动两国双边关系的两大主要壁垒。中国人最关注的问题有历史问题，日本官员参拜靖国神社以及南京大屠杀。

不过，两国在经济和贸易关系的认识上有了改进。大约有47％的日本普通民众认为今年中国人在对抗全球经济危机上有很大的帮助，相比较而言，去年这一比率仅有30％。日本知识分子中认为中国经济的发展有利于日本的比率从去年的65．8％上升到今年的81．4％．调查发现，两国在东亚事务、贸易和投资、能源以及环境和气候变化方面的合作是中日两国人民最关心的，他们期待两国领导人在双边会议上能够就此加强对话。

两国大多数人民普遍认为内部交流是改善两国关系的重要途径。中国90．7％的学生和85．7％的普通民众以及日本95．8％的知识分子和74．8％的普通民众都认为内部交流‖很重要‖或是‖相对重要‖。

调查还发现，中国和日本都是主要通过电视新闻和报纸相互了解彼此。

第六篇：TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行

乘长途汽车旅行与看电视倒很像。旅行有开始，中途和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告。这些商业广告是不可避免的。不受你的意志左右。大约每过几分钟就会有一块广告牌从窗外闪过。比如―买超洁净牙膏‖、―饮格威特露啤酒‖、―请用太平洋汽油‖等等。只有当你睡着的时候，就和关掉电视一样，才会免受那些没完没了的―你需要它! 现在就来买吧‖的吵闹。

旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化--新的房屋，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一两小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了一会儿，兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻对过好途中几个小时是很有帮助的。而食物则会让旅程更加有趣。不过吃食物要仔细选种类。千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。

旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬。到目前为止，你换过各种姿势，交叉着双腿，把手放在大腿上，把手放在扶手上--甚至把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行结束得正是时候。正好没有别的坐姿了。

第七篇：Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者

人们出外观光旅游的原因有许多，一些旅游者去看古战场或是宗教圣殿；一些旅游者去追寻文化之源或是仅仅在名胜之地请人给他照几张相。但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩洒日光浴。

北欧人心甘情愿花大笔钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。由于冬季白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这就是地中海地区成为人们向往之地的原因。每年夏天，有2500多万旅游者来到地中海的一些旅游胜地和海滨度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：日光！

众多原因的游客意味着为地中海地区的国家带来巨大的经济财富。每年夏季，意大利的3万多家旅馆全部客满，而且还有1300多万的游客要在法国的海滩，公园和路边宿营。西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方，每年有1700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即1:1。 但是，有一些迹象表明，旅游业的发展已超过该地区的承受能力。地中海已成了地球上污染最严重的海洋。而随着游客的增多，情况变得更糟。法国人想不出什么好办法来处理宿营在圣特罗佩周围的那些游客所丢掉的废物垃圾。而且在许多地方因为海水受到了污染，游泳已成为一种危险的运动。

然而，这些都没有破坏人们的兴致。每年到地中海观光的游客越来越多。很显然，他们不是为了清洁的海水和清静自在而前往的。他们忍受着交通堵塞的煎熬，而且似乎很喜欢拥挤的海滩。他们甚至不在乎

污染。不管海水是怎样的污浊不堪，海岸线看起来仍是那么美。只要有阳光照耀，总要比坐在伦敦、柏林或奥斯陆的凄风冷雨中好得多。

第八篇 The Changing Middle Class 变化中的中产阶级

美国把自己看成是一个中产阶级的国家。然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。它更是一个观念，一个也许在第二次世界大战之后会变得更加正确的观念。那时美国经济不断增长，越来越多的人拥有了自己的家庭，工人们和雇佣自己的公司签订了可靠的合同，并且几乎所有想受到高等教育的人能够接受教育。成功的人士享受这种上升的社会流动性。他们也许之前很穷，但是他们能够变得富有。成功人士同样发现他们有更好的地理流动性。换句话说，他们发现自己正移居并生活在各种各样的地方。

这些中产阶级都持有几种相同的价值观和原则。认为赚取足够金钱就可以决定自己经济命运的想法，是其中一种比较强烈的价值观。另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

但是在20世纪90年代，这些中产阶级的人们发现了成功的代价。1994年，《美国新闻与世界报道》的一篇调查称，75%的美国人认为中产阶级家庭无法收支相抵。现在夫妻双方以及他们的一些孩子都在工作；遥远的上下班路程变成了常态，儿童看护给家庭带来了很大压力，并且公立学校已经不如以前那样好了。中产阶级的成员不再通过薪水来支付他们的生活所需，而是通过使用信用卡来维持生活。对于中产阶级的理解正在发生变化。

第九篇：Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色

单亲母亲在抚养孩子方面比双亲要好——至少在鸟的世界是这样的。母斑胸草雀必须在努力工作并且亲自抚养较少的鸟，但是她们抚养的雄性后代更有吸引力，更容易得到配偶。

这个发现显示家庭冲突是与捕食和食物提供方式这样的生态因素同样重要的进化推动力。身边有双亲就总有利益冲突，这会对后代的质量产生有害的影响。

从进化的角度讲，在动物界，任何一个父亲或母亲的最佳策略是让他人来照顾后代，这样，他们就可以集中精力再次繁殖后代了。所以父母之间很自然就出现了相互推卸的责任的现象。但是兰卡斯特大学的Ian Hartley及他的工作组想知道家庭是如何解决这个冲突的，以及冲突本身是如何影响后代的。

为了找到答案他们衡量斑胸草雀抚养它们的子女花了多少力气。他们监控每个母亲或父亲采集的食物量，以及移动或增加小鸟，因此每对草雀养4只小鸟，每只单身母雀养两只——假定这是相同的工作量。通过这些方法他们对单身母雀和成对草雀做了比较。

但是他们发现单身母雀比与配偶共同抚养后代的母雀多付出25％。如果公雀太懒的话，为了避免筋疲力尽，有配偶的母雀并不十分努力工作。这样做的后果就是后代付出代价。Hartley说：“后代要为这种冲突付出某些代价。”

这种代价不是表现在身材和体重的锐减，而是表现在他们对异性有多大吸引力上。当小鸟长大后，研究者通过提供给雌性她们所选择的伴侣的方法检验雄性后代的健康情况。那些由单身母亲抚养大的雄性比由父母抚养大的雄性更多地被选中。

研究鸟类父母冲突的剑桥大学动物学家Rebecca Kilner说，很久以来人们就认为两性之间的冲突会影响对后代的照顾。”但是试验证据并不充分，这个突破主要是以经验来显示这种影响的。”

Kilner说更为令人惊讶的是Hartley说这种冲突可能会严重影响行为的进化、窝卵数目甚至外表。Hartley说：“人们并没真正确定这种联系。”人们通常认为雌性的繁殖策略受捕食和食物提供方式的影响。Kilner说父母之间的冲突现在也应该被考虑在内了。

第十篇 A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信

我听说了一个要在叫Parson公园上建造三百所房子的计划。没有几个人知道这个打算将我们的城镇扩大的计划。对我来说，Parson公园是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然公园，当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。这里很安静因为附

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇四：2014职称英语阅读理解英文及译文(综合)

2014职称英语阅读理解英文及译文

第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

Telling Tales about People

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5

第三篇 小心鲨鱼 5

Shark Attack! 6

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7

第五篇 伊本白图泰游记 7

The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8

第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 9

TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10

第七篇 现代日光浴者 10

Modern Sun Worshippers 11

第八篇 变化中的中产阶级 11

The Changing Middle Class 12

第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色 12

Single-parent Kids Do Best 13

第十篇 艾伦的来信 13

A Letter from Alan 14

第十一篇 芭蕾舞的发展 14

The Development of Ballet 15

第十二篇 走私 15

Smuggling 15

第十三篇 芭比娃娃 16

The Barbie Dolls 16

第十四篇 睡眠 17

Sleep 17

第十五篇 轨道航天飞机 18

Orbital Space Plane 18

第十六篇 撒哈拉沙漠 19

The Sahara 20

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B级考试需要掌握文章) B级

第十七篇 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 20

Eiffel Is an Eyeful 21

第十八篇 美国教育的目标 22

Goal of American Education 22

第十九篇 家庭 23

The Family 23 以下为

第二十篇 讲述可怕的过去 24

Tales of the Terrible Past 24

第二十一篇 动物间的间隔距离 25

Spacing in Animals 26

第二十二篇 我们所知道的关于语言的一些事情 26

Some Things We Know about Language 27

第二十三篇 只好向上 27

The Only Way Is Up 28

第二十四篇 克隆农场 29

Clone Farm 29

第二十五篇 收入 30

Income 30

第二十六篇 看许久以前的世界 31

Seeing the World Centuries Ago 32

第二十七篇 服务业的重要性 33

Importance of Services 33

第二十八篇 国家公园的服务机构 34

The National Park Service 34

第二十九篇 我们也能成为巴赫 35

I'll Be Bach 36

第三十篇 “幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活 37

“Lucky” Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead 37

第三十一篇 泳池监护 38

Pool Watch 39

第三十二篇 柴罗基部落 40

The Cherokee Nation 40

第三十三篇 老妇人 41

Oseola McCarty 41

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B级考试需要掌握文章)

A级38

第三十四篇 逃亡 42

To Have and Have Not 42

第三十五篇 选择自己的路 43

Going Her Own Way 44

第三十六篇 群众演员的人生 44

Life as a Movie Extra45

第三十七篇 非州的流行音乐 46

Pop Music in Africa 46

第三十八篇 为什么有这么多的孩子 47

Why So Many Children 48

第三十九篇 为了活着吃饭 48

Eat to Live 49

第四十篇 美国疾病防治新政策 50

New US Plan for Disease prevention 50 以下为

第四十一篇 国际航空公司的经营 51

The Operation of International Airlines 52

第四十二篇 桑 拿 浴 52

Sauna 53

第四十三篇 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？（综合A） 54

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 54

第四十四篇 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人 55

Americans Get Touchy 56

第四十五篇 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长 56

Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer 57

第四十六篇 捍卫进化论仍必要（综合A） 58

Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 58

第四十七篇 九死一生 59

Narrow Escape 59

第四十八篇 苏格兰启蒙运动（综合A） 60

Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 61

第四十九篇 美洲文学的开端（综合A） 62

The Beginning of American Literature 62

第五十篇 远古火山喷发 63

Older Volcanic Eruptions 63

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这 类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。 自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的&己。就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯?乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。

传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。

Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories:

autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的 第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。

威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”

但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的

机构打交道。

Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted' a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus".

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends."

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.

第三篇 小心鲨鱼!

克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“

我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长到6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇五：2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文

2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文

（三）阅读理解

1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！

2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta

12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇

13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。

12年第8篇(C级)第33篇B级，第35篇A级2012年已考

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 3 第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

Telling Tales about People

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同 4

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5

第三篇 小心鲨鱼 5

Shark Attack! 6

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7

第五篇 伊本白图泰游记 7

The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8

第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 9

TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10

第七篇 现代日光浴者 10

Modern Sun Worshippers 11

第八篇 变化中的中产阶级 11

The Changing Middle Class 12

第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色 12

Single-parent Kids Do Best 13

第十篇 艾伦的来信 13

A Letter from Alan 14

第十一篇 芭蕾舞的发展 14

The Development of Ballet 15

第十二篇 走私 15

Smuggling 15

第十三篇 芭比娃娃 16

The Barbie Dolls 16

第十四篇 睡眠 17

Sleep 17

第十五篇 轨道航天飞机 18

Orbital Space Plane 18

第十六篇 撒哈拉沙漠 19

The Sahara 20

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B级考试需要掌握文章) 以下为B级 第十七篇 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 20

Eiffel Is an Eyeful 21

第十八篇 美国教育的目标 22

Goal of American Education 22

第十九篇 家庭 23

The Family 23

第二十篇 讲述可怕的过去 24

Tales of the Terrible Past 24

第二十一篇 动物间的间隔距离 25

Spacing in Animals 26

第二十二篇 我们所知道的关于语言的一些事情 26

Some Things We Know about Language 27

第二十三篇 只好向上 27

The Only Way Is Up 28

第二十四篇 克隆农场 29

Clone Farm 29

第二十五篇 收入 30

Income 30

第二十六篇 看许久以前的世界 31

Seeing the World Centuries Ago 32

第二十七篇 服务业的重要性 33

Importance of Services 33

第二十八篇 国家公园的服务机构 34

The National Park Service 34

第二十九篇 发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们 35

Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 36

第三十篇 “幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活 37

“Lucky” Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead 37

第三十一篇 泳池监护 38

Pool Watch 39

第三十二篇 柴罗基部落 40

The Cherokee Nation 40

第三十三篇 老妇人 41

Oseola McCarty 41

职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合B、C级考试需要掌握文章)

第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这 类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。

自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的&己。就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯?乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这

些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。

传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。

Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。

威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”

但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。

Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted' a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus".

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends."

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。

似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二， 美国 人还会庆祝另外一个节日——感恩节。 孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。

每年在Gainesville, 佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。

Dean Foster, 一个11岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说：“我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。”

他9 岁的弟弟Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。 但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean 和Ben的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。

每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。

感恩节是一具传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。

很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.

As if all this isn’t enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival—Thanksgiving.

Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.

Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families, After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.

Dean Foster, an 11yearold boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.”

His brother Ben, nine, said: “The best thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas.”

But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening. Dean and Ben’s family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.

Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.

Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in the US to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.

Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.

第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行

乘长途汽车旅行与看电视倒很像。旅行有开始，中途和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告这些商业广告是不可避免的，不受你的意志左右，大约每过几分钟就会有一块广告牌从窗外闪过。比如“买超洁净牙膏”“饮格威特露啤酒”“请用和平汽油”等等。就像

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇六：2014年 职称英语综合类阅读理解英文及译文 整理珍藏版

职称英语阅读理解

第1篇 讲述关于人们的故事 Telling Tales about People

第2篇 课外学习带来很大不同

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

第3篇 小心鲨鱼 Shark Attack!

第4篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

第5篇 伊本白图泰游记 The Travels of Ibn Battuta

第6篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips

第7篇现代日光浴者 Modern Sun Worshippers

第8篇 变化中的中产阶级 The Changing Middle Class

第9篇 单亲幼儿最出色 Single-parent Kids Do Best

第10篇 艾伦的来信 A Letter from Alan

第11篇 芭蕾舞的发展 The Development of Ballet

第12篇 走私 Smuggling

第13篇 芭比娃娃 The Barbie Dolls

第14篇 睡眠 Sleep

第15篇 轨道航天飞机 Orbital Space Plane

第16篇 撒哈拉沙漠 The Sahara

以下为B级

第17篇 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 Eiffel Is an Eyeful

第18篇 美国教育的目标 Goal of American Education

第19篇 家庭 The Family

第20篇 讲述可怕的过去 Tales of the Terrible Past

第21 动物间的间隔距离 Spacing in Animals

第22篇 我们所知道的关于语言的一些事情 Some Things We Know about Language

第23篇 只好向上 The Only Way Is Up

第24篇 克隆农场 Clone Farm

第25篇 收入 Income

第26篇 看许久以前的世界 Seeing the World Centuries Ago

第27篇 服务业的重要性 Importance of Services

第28篇 国家公园的服务机构 The National Park Service

第29篇 发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们第30篇 “幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活 “Lucky” Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead

第31篇 泳池监护 Pool Watch

第32篇 柴罗基部落 The Cherokee Nation

第33篇 老妇人 Oseola McCarty

以下为A级

第34篇 逃亡 To Have and Have Not 第35篇 选择自己的路 Going Her Own Way 第36篇 一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 第37篇 非州的流行音乐 Pop Music in Africa 第38篇 为什么有这么多的孩子 Why So Many Children 第39篇 为了活着吃饭 Eat to Live 第40篇 美国疾病防治新政策 New US Plan for Disease prevention 第41篇 国际航空公司的经营 The Operation of International Airlines 第42篇 桑 拿 浴 Sauna 第43篇 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 第44篇 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人 Americans Get Touchy 第45篇 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时 Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer 第46篇 捍卫进化论仍必要 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 第47篇 九死一生 rrow Escape 第48篇 苏格兰启蒙运动 Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 第49篇 美洲文学的开端 The Beginning of American Literature 第五十篇 远古火山喷发 Older Volcanic Eruptions

第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这 类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。

自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的&己。就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯?乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。

传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。 Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world. Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write. 词汇：

1、 This passage is mostly about________.

这篇文章主要是关于______ 2、 Helen Keller wrote________.

海伦﹒凯勒写了_____

3、 Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

自传作者有时是不客观的，因为他们_____

4、 The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

本文的作者通过_____介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品。

Diverse means________. Diverse的意思是_______

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。

威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。 这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。 Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted' a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus".

the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends."

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event water. Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.

Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans,Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites?Shark researchers are because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy. "Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.

第三篇 小心鲨鱼!

克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“ 我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长到6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。 最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或者海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。

诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样的一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到主氏是个什么东西。 Shark attack! Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.”I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing. In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well.It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this,however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also,when accacking seals,great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,however,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.”They spit us out because we’re too bony,”says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things.It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information,Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what they are. 词汇：scan vt.审视，细看，浏览 seal[英][si:l] 海豹 Elbow n. 肘，肘部 reef n.礁，暗礁

Surface n. 表面 外表，vi. 浮出水面 quest n.搜索，寻求，追求 Drown vi.淹死，溺死。

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。

似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二， 美国 人还会庆祝另外一个节日——感恩节。 孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。

每年在Gainesville, 佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。 Dean Foster, 一个11岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说：“我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。”

他9 岁的弟弟Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。

但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean 和Ben的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。

每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写

感恩节是一具传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。

很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas. As if all this isn’t enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival—Thanksgiving.

Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food. Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families, After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.

Dean Foster, an 11 year old boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.” His brother Ben, nine, said: “The best thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas.”

But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening. Dean and Ben’s family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.

Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.

Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in the US to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.

Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.

第五篇 伊本白图泰游记

“1325年6月13日，我离开了家乡丹吉尔，打算前往麦加朝圣。我告别了所有的朋友，如鸟儿离巢般，告别故土。”这便是伊本白图泰游记的序言。这份旧的手稿存放在巴黎一家图书馆里。

这个年轻的摩洛哥人所处的年代比哥伦布的年代要早了几乎两个世纪，从他出发去麦加算起，30年之后伊本白图泰才回到故乡，那时的他已经晋升到历史上伟大旅行家的行列。出于好奇，他游历了伊斯兰世界的各个角落，足迹遍布了44座现代城市，总行程是马可波罗的3倍。虽然在西方社会不怎么有名，伊本白图泰在阿拉伯国家却家喻户晓。在伊本白图泰的故乡丹尼尔，有以他命名的广场、旅店、咖啡馆、渡船，甚至汉堡。

伊本白图泰以学生的身份在麦加待了几年，但对于游历的渴望很快又让他重新出发。有一次他的队伍在野外被80名步行和2位马夫攻击：“我们进行了殊死搏斗。。。杀死了他们的一位马夫和差不多12名步行 。。。我和马都中了箭，但是多谢真主的恩赐，最后我活了下来。。。我们背着亡者的头颅前往阿布巴卡尔的城堡。。。并把这些头颅挂在城墙上。”因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。但是这位苏丹王脾气古怪，性情多变，所以伊本白图泰想借机逃走：当苏丹王提出要资助伊本白图泰去中国旅行时，他同意了。伊本白图泰将要乘着三艘船起航，但他还未离岸，不幸便降临了。一声突出其来的暴风雨摧毁了两艘船，吹走了财宝，许多船员和马匹都溺水而亡。他眼睁睁看着载着他的财物和奴隶的第三艘船被吹到了海上，从此便再无音讯。更糟的是，他的孩子也在这艘船上。 最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求一生游历的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。幸运的是，他同意了此事并写了本书。这本书已被翻译成了很多种语言，可以让世人了解他那无与伦比的旅行经历。

The Travels of Ibn Battuta

“I left Tangier,my birthplace,the 13th

of june 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage[to mecce]...to leave all my friends both female and male,to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests. So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris--the travel journal of ibn battuta.

Almost two centuries before columbus,this young Moroccan set off for Mecca,returning home three decades later as one of history’s great travelers.Driven by curiosity,he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world,traveling through 44 modern countries,three times as far as Marco Polo,little celebrated in the West,his name is well known among Arabs.In his hometown of Tangier,a square,a hotel, a cafe,a ferry boat,and even a hamburger are named after him.

Ibn Battutn stayed in Mecca as a student for several years,but the urge to travel soon took over.In one adventure,he traveled to india seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi.On the way,he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot,and two horsemen:”we fought...killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers....I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another,but God in his grace preserved me... .We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak’har...and suspended them from the wall .”In Delhhi,the sultan gave him the position of judge,based on his prior study at Mecca.But the sultan had an unpredictable character,and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave.When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China,he agreed.Ibn Battuta set off in three ships,but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore.A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships,scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses.As he watched,the third ship,with all his belongings and slaves --one carrying his child--was carried out to sea and never heard from again.

After a lifetime of incredible adventures,Ibn Battuta aws finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world.Fortunately,he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages,allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys. 词汇：pilgrimage n. 朝圣，远游 ferry n.渡船 Slain:slay的过去分词 slay v. 杀死，杀戮

Suspend vt. 吊，挂；暂停 unparalleled adj.无比的，空前的，绝无仅有的 Finance v.给。。。提供资金 scatter vt.撒播，驱散；vi.消散

The open country 野外 consent vi. 同意，赞成 foot soldier 步兵

第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行

乘长途汽车旅行与看电视倒很像。旅行有开始，中途和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告这些商业广告是不可避免的，不受你的意志左右，大约每过几分钟就会有一块广告牌从窗外闪过。比如“买超洁净牙膏”“饮格威特露啤酒”“请用和平汽油”等等。就像看电视时，只有你关机才不会听到那些广告词，些时，你只有睡着了才不致受那些没完没了的“你需要它，现在就来买吧！”的吵闹。

旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化，新的房室，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一、二小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了一会儿兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻对过好途中几个小时是很有帮助的。而食物则会让旅程更加有趣，不过吃食物的时候，千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。

旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬，此刻，你交叉着双腿，把手放在扶手上，甚至你会把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行就要结束了，不再有其他坐的方式。 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips

Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle and an end—with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “But Super Clean Toothpaste.” “Drink Golden Wet Root Beer.” “Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! But It Now! ” The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed—new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-handed lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.

The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests—even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no

第七篇 现代日光浴崇拜者

人们出外观光旅游的原因有许多，一些旅游者去看古战场或是宗教圣殿；一些旅游者去追寻文化之源或是仅仅在名胜之地请人给他照几张相。但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩洒日光浴。

北欧人心甘情愿花大笔钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。由于冬季白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这就是地中海地区成为人们向往之地的原因。每年夏天，有2500多万旅游者来到地中海的一些旅游胜地和海滨度假。他们都是为了同一个原因而来：日光！

众多原因的游客意味着为地中海地区的国家带来巨大的经济财富。每年夏季，意大利的3万多家旅馆全部客满，而且还有1300多万的游客要在法国的海滩，公园和路边宿营。西班牙那漫长的海岸线更成了众多旅游者慕名前往的地方，每年有1700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即1:1。

但是，有一些迹象表明，旅游业的发展已超过该地区的承受能力。地中海已成了地球上污染最严重的海洋。而随着游客的增多，情况变得更糟。法国人想不出什么好办法来处理宿营在圣特罗佩周围的那些游客所丢掉的废物垃圾。而且在许多地方因为海水受到了污染，游泳已成为一种危险的运动。

然而，这些都没有破坏人们的兴致。每年到地中海观光的游客越来越多。很显然，他们不是为了清洁的海水和清静自在而前往的。他们忍受着交通堵塞的煎熬，而且似乎很喜欢拥挤的海滩。他们甚至不在乎污染。不管海水是怎样的污浊不堪，海岸线看起来仍是那么美。只要有阳光照耀，总要比坐在伦敦、柏林或奥斯陆的凄风冷雨中好得多。 Modern Sun Worshippers

People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.

Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun! The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy’s 30, 000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain.

But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism that it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism, it's getting worse. The French can’t figure out what to do with all the

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇七：2014职称英语综合类阅读理解C级英文及译文

2014年职称英语阅读理解C级英文及译文

2014综合教材，综合C没有新增文章，综合AB各新增一篇阅读。

阅读理解要求复习第1-16篇

综合C没有新增文章，这里有个现象注意下，2013综合C考到2012新增未考文章，那么在2014的考试中，2012、2013新增未考的文章需要作为重点复习。

大纲要求考C只需看C要求的文章，考B级要看B（加星号的文章）和C的文章，考A级要看A（加加号的文章）BC的文章。职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章)

第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

Telling Tales about People

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

第三篇 小心鲨鱼

Shark Attack!

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

第五篇 伊本白图泰游记

The Travels of Ibn Battuta

第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行

TV Shows and Long Bus Trips

第七篇 现代日光浴者

Modern Sun Worshippers

第八篇 变化中的中产阶级

The Changing Middle Class

第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色

Single-parent Kids Do Best

第十篇 艾伦的来信

A Letter from Alan

第十一篇 芭蕾舞的发展

The Development of Ballet

第十二篇 走私

Smuggling

第十三篇 芭比娃娃

The Barbie Dolls

第十四篇 睡眠

Sleep

第十五篇 轨道航天飞机

Orbital Space Plane

第十六篇 撒哈拉沙漠

The Sahara

第一篇 Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is

stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事

最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这 类作品。这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。

自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的&己。就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯?乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。

传记事实上是记录（作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。

第二篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to

children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted' a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus".

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends."

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.

第二篇 课外学习带来很大不同

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。

威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”

但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。

Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”

第三篇 Shark attack!

Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his

board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.” I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says craig . The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn‟t heard a thing.

In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark‟s teeth.He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.

Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans,Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites?Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

The most common explanation is that great whites don‟t see well.It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this,however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also,when accacking seals,great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,however,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.”They spit us out because we‟re too bony,”says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things.It‟s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information,Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what they are. 词汇：scan vt.审视，细看，浏览 seal[英][si:l] 海豹

Elbow n. 肘，肘部 reef n.礁，暗礁

Surface n. 表面 外表，vi. 浮出水面 quest n.搜索，寻求，追求

Drown vi.淹死，溺死。

第三篇 小心鲨鱼!

克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“

我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长到6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成

数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。

最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或者海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。

诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样的一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到主氏是个什么东西。

第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.

As if all this isn’t enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival—Thanksgiving.

Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.

Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families, After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.

Dean Foster, an 11yearold boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.”

His brother Ben, nine, said: “The best thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas.”

But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening. Dean and Ben’s family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.

Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.

Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in the US to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.

Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.

第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。

似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二， 美国 人还会庆祝另外一个节日——感恩节。

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇八：The Development of Ballet

The Development of Ballet

芭蕾舞是一种历史悠久的舞蹈形式。事实上芭蕾舞延续至今说明了其随着时代的变化而有所调整。

在文艺复兴时期，芭蕾舞开始于皇家宫廷。在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与盛会的表演。当这些娱乐形式从意大利宫廷流传到法 国宫廷的时候，宫女们开始参与进来。虽然她们的长裙子阻碍了很多的动作，但是她们能够表演 复杂的步伐。直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且开始做一些男舞者表演的跳跃和转圈动作。

而且也是在17世纪，专业的芭蕾舞舞蹈团应运而生。法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学 院，而他本身就是一个芭蕾舞爱好者。由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展色蕾舞技术的基础。18世纪末，发生了另一个重要的改变。芭蕾舞幵始通过自己的表演来 讲述故事。它再也不仅仅是幕间表演的插舞〗精致的假发和服装被淘汰。在19世纪初，舞者学会了用脚尖站立使其看起来像是在漂浮。

正如我们所知，现如今古典芭蕾主要受到了俄罗斯舞蹈的影响。在19世纪中叶，当欧洲其他 国家对于芭蕾舞的兴趣有所减少时，俄罗斯人始终保持着对芭蕾舞的兴趣。在20世纪初，最有影 响力的人物之一便是谢尔盖•基列夫。他的舞蹈公司俄罗斯芭蕾舞团，为芭蕾带来了新的动力与 活力。他的主要助手之一，乔治•巴兰钦，在1948年建立了纽约市芭蕾舞舞蹈团并影响了新一代的舞者。

1. This passage deals mainly with _____.

C) the way ballet developed

2. An important influence in early ballet was_____.

D) Louis XIV

3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet_____.

B) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it

4. The information in this passage is presented_____.

D) in chronological order

5. The word pageants means_____.

D) elaborate shows

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇九：2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解

1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事

2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级

3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信

4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展

5.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠

6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔

7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标

8.*第十九篇：The Family家庭

9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去

10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）动物的空间距离

11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）我们知道的关于语言的一些事情

12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）只好向上

13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）克隆农场

14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）收入

15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界

16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）服务业的重要性

17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）国家公园的服务机构

18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们

19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活

20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty

21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡

22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路

23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事

24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐

25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子

26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭

27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策

28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生

第一篇

Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景 interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

注释：

1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明 富兰克林和海伦 凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies

B. famous autobiographies

C. why biography can be difficult to write

D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs

2. Helen Keller wrote________.

A. a memoir

B. an autobiography

C. a work of fiction

D. a biography

3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell

B. constantly compete with biography writers

C. want to present themselves in a good light

D. have trouble remembering the good times

4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

A. defining it

B. giving an example

C. explaining why it is hard to write

D. telling when people first began writing it

5. Diverse means________.

A. able to swim in deep water

B. similar or alike

C. varied or different

D. enjoying poetry

答案与题解：

1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2. B 本题问的是：海伦 凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰 富兰克林和 海伦 凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。

4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。

5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为―多种多样的‖，因此C正确。 第八篇

The Changing Middle Class

The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.

The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2

But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

词汇：

designation /dezig'nei??n/ n. 称号 commute /k?'mju:t/ n. 上下班路程

mobility /m?u'bil?ti/ n. 流动性

注释：

1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside onesèlf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活

4. put strains on：带来压力

练习：

1. The information in this passage deals with_______.

A) an individual

B) a social and economic group

C) a political organization

D) government

2. A common middle class value is that________.

A) people should always have fun

B) children should be seen and not heard

C) debt is nothing to worry about

D) the family is very important

3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______.

A) overburdened and in debt

B) hard working and suspicious

C) prosperous and optimistic

D) young and foolish

4. The phrase ―In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____.

A) an exception to the previous idea

B) a denial of the previous idea

C) a restatement of the previous idea

D) a contrasting idea

5. The word collectively means______.

A) as a group

B) hesitatingly

C) unknowingly

D) weakly

答案与题解：

1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。

2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，―中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物‖。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。

3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的"ln other words"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，"In other words"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。

5. A 本题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是―相同地‖，选择A。

I

第十篇

A Letter from Alan

I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.

I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.

Therefore，these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.

The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes，the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place. No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But，in my opinion，the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this，we will lose a very

The Development of Ballet阅读理解译文篇十：2013年职称英语综合A阅读理解押题与解析-1

紫红色为新增文章

绿色为2012年4月的真题

红色为12年新增到未考到文章

第一篇 Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事（2012教材新增文章）

第二篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同

第三篇 Milosevic's Death 米洛舍维奇之死

（2013教材新增更改为）第三篇：Shark Attack!

第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福

第五篇 Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少

（2013教材新增更改为）第五篇：The Travels of IBn Battuta

第六篇 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行

第七篇 Modern Sun Worshippers 现代日光浴者

第八篇 The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级(2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）

第九篇 Single-parent Kids Do Best 单亲幼儿最出色

第十篇 A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信（2012教材新增文章）

第十一篇 The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展（2012教材新增文章）

第十二篇 Smuggling走私

第十三篇 The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃

第十四篇 Sleep睡眠

第十五篇 Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机

第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠 （2012教材新增文章）

第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔（2012教材新增文章）

第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标（2012教材新增文章）

第十九篇：The Family家庭（2012教材新增文章）

第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去（2012教材新增文章）

第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离（2012教材新增文章）

第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情（2012教材新增文章）

第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up只好向上

第二十四篇：Clone Farm克隆农场

第二十五篇：Income收入

第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界（2012教材新增文章）

第二十七篇：Importance of Services服务业的重要性

第二十八篇：The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构

第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们

第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead―幸运的‖鲁肯伯爵一是死是活（2012教材新增文章）

第三十一篇 Pool Watch泳池监护

第三十二篇 The Cherokee Nation柴罗基部落

第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）

第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡（2012教材新增文章）

第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路（2012年4月真题）（2012教材新增文章）

第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事（2012教材新增

文章）

第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐（2012教材新增文章）

第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子（2012教材新增文章）

第三十九篇：Eat to Live为了活着吃饭（2012教材新增文章）

第四十篇：New US Plan for Disease Prevention 美国疾病预防新政策

第四十一篇 The Operation of International Airlines 国际航空公司的经营

第四十二篇 Sauna 桑 拿 浴

第四十三篇 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？

第四十四篇 Americans Get Touchy 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人

第四十五篇 Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长

第四十六篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 捍卫进化论仍必要

第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生（2012教材新增文章）

第四十八篇 Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 苏格兰启蒙运动

第四十九篇 The Beginning of American Literature 美洲文学的开端

第五十篇 Older Volcanic Eruptions 远古火山喷发

The beginning of American literature

American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans ― discovered‖ America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?

American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who found America about year 1,000, Native

Americans lived here. Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness' tell unforgettable tales of hard end sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.

Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half year: on the American, continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd，who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers,

Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner一they are all the creators of the first American literature.

练习：

1) What does ―that hope‖in the first paragraph refer to?

A)The hope that America would be discovered.

B) The hope to start a life.

C) The hope to see the mysteries of the New World.

D) The hope to find poverty here.

2. When did American literature begin?

A) Before the American natives lived there.

B) When Columbus and other explorers gent reports back home..

C) When tire Northmen found America in about 1,000.

D) Long before the year 1,000.

3. What can we learn from the literature of the tribes of the native Americans?

A) About the everyday fife of the native Americans.

B) About the arrival of Columbus

C) About the experience of the first European settlers

D) About the experience of those who died in the New England wilderness.

4. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that

A) in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain.

B) people with rich life experience became writers.

C) there were many writers in the early days of American history

D) early-day experience provided the foundation for American literature.

5. According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is true about America literature?

A) Some British writers started American literature.，

B) Early-day American literature is a reflection of the boring life then.

C) Some British writers had doubts about the future of American literature.

D) Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.

参考答案：

1.B.解析：首先找到―that hope‖在文章中的位置：

(第一段)American has always been a land of beginnings. After(在..之后) Europeans ― discovered‖(发现) America in the fifteenth century(世纪), the mysterious(神秘的) New World became for many people a genuine(真正的，真诚的) hope of a new life, an escape from (逃避)poverty and persecution(迫害), a chance(机会) to start(开始) again(再次). We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?

―that hope‖就是指前一句中的a genuine hope of a new life/开始新生活的真诚希望。

2.D. 利用问题句及被选项中的特征词，细节信息词/结构(American literature, American natives, Columbus and other explorers, Northmen, America, 1,000)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：

American has always been a land of beginnings.(第一题答案相关句) After Europeans ― discovered‖ America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many

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