外交类英文练习

导读：　外交类英文练习篇一：口译基本句型之外交关系介绍 ...

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外交类英文练习篇一：口译基本句型之外交关系介绍

六、外交关系（国际关系，中国的对外关系，港澳台关系）　　例16：　　和平稳定的国际环境是社会发展的前提条件，社会发展与国际和地区安全形势密切相关。　　Peaceful and stable international environment is the prerequisite for social development，which is closely linked with the security situation of the region and the world at large.　　不幸的是，在过去的10年里，国际和地区的总体安全形势很不稳定，武装冲突延绵不断，致使许多国家特别是发展中国家无暇集中精力搞建设，更谈不上追求社会发展。　　Unfortunately, in the past decade international and regional security situation has been highly unstable on the whole, with armed conflicts cropping up now and then, distracting many countries, the underdeveloped members in particular, from economic development, still less social development.　　因此，努力营造和平的国际和地区环境，遏制冲突，建立公正合理的国际秩序，是各方落实承诺，实现发展目标的必要条件和头等大事。　　Therefore, striving to create a peaceful international and regional environment, preventing conflicts and establishing a fair/ equitable and reasonable international order stand out as the essential conditions and top priority for all parties to keep the commitments and realize the development goals.　　俗话说：一千个承诺，不如一个行动。这说明行动的极端重要性。各种政府应首先树立历史责任感和紧迫感，切实落实行动计划以及采取行动所需的机制和资源。　　As a saying goes, “One thousand promises are not as good as one action.” That means action is extremely important. National governments must have the sense of historical responsibility and urgency to implement solid actions as well as necessary mechanisms and resources for these actions.　　例17：　　Terrorism is the common enemy of mankind. The world counter-terrorism endeavor will be a long-term task.　　恐怖主义是人类的公敌，国际反恐斗争是一个漫长的过程。　　Since the beginning of this year, terrorist attacks all over the world have become more rampant. According to the statistics, there have been 1,700 attacks this year, which is 58% of the last three years’ total.　　今年以来，世界各地的恐怖袭击有增无减。据统计，有近1700起，占过去三年总合的58%.　　Our position on terrorism must be consistent and clear. First, we should oppose all forms of terrorism. Terrorist activities happening anytime, anywhere, organized by anybody and in whatever form, should be combated jointly and resolutely.　　我们必须在反恐问题上采用一贯和明确的立场。首先要反对一切形式的恐怖主义。恐怖活动不论发生在何时，何地，由何人组织，以何种方式出现，均应

采取一致立场，坚决打击.　　Second, it is necessary to look into the root and acts of terrorism. Only by paying attention to and uprooting the cause of terrorism, can we solve the issue once and for all.　　其次，反恐要标本兼治。只有重视并解决恐怖主义滋生的根源，才能彻底铲除恐怖主义的滋生和蔓延。　　例18：　　两岸同胞血脉相连，情同手足。中华儿女共同创造的五千年灿烂文化，是维系全体中国人民的精神纽带。　　Compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are limbs of the same ancestry. The brilliant/splendid culture created by the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation over 5,000 years has always been the spiritual bond for all the Chinese.　　两岸共同继承和弘扬中华文化的优秀传统，将使中华文化在新的时代焕发新的光彩。　　By jointly inheriting and carrying forward the fine traditions, our compatriots on both sides of the straits will give new luster to the Chinese culture in the new age.　　青年是国家的未来。两岸青年应加强交往，增进了解。我们欢迎更多的台湾青年来祖国大陆学习深造，开创事业，施展才华。　　The youth are the future of our nations. Young people on both sides should reach out for more contacts and closer understanding. More young people from Taiwan are welcome to the mainland to pursue their studies, advance their careers and give full play to their talents.　　我们也欢迎台湾各界人士前来参观，访问，同我们交换有关两岸关系与和平统一的意见。　　We also welcome people from various walks of life in Taiwan to tour and visit the mainland to exchange views with us on cross-strait relation and peaceful reunification.

外交类英文练习篇二：外交学专业英语

political science 政治学comparative politics 比较政治学low politics 低级政治high politics 高级政治politics of scale 规模政治Realpolitik 现实政治bureaucratic politics 官僚政治political geography 政治地理politicization 政治化political psychophysiology 政治精神心理学ecopolitics 生态政治学political elite 政治精英zero-sum game 零和游戏nonzero-sum game 非零和游戏game theory 博弈论two-level game or two-tier game 双层博弈paradigm 范式localization 本土化irreversibility 不可逆转性convention 常规deconstruction 解构absolute gain 绝对收益balance of power 均势association agreement 联系协定exclusivity 排他性critique theories 批判理论equilibrium 平衡globalization 全球化identity 认同或特性spill-over 外溢relative gain 相对收益interdependence 相互依赖loyalty-transferring 效忠转移marginal cost 边际成本public domain 公共领域public choice theory 公共选择理论interstate transaction cost 国家间交易成本transaction benefit 交易收益interests group 利益集团prisoner’s dilemma 囚徒困境transferring rights 权利让渡anarchy 无政府状态constitutionalism 宪政asymmetric information 信息不对称quantitative analysis 定量分析qualitative analysis 定性分析transactionism 交流理论complex interdependence 复合相互依赖case study 个案研究theoretical framework 理论体系dialectical method 辩证法world system theory 世界体系理论alienation 异化natural selection 物竞天择pagan 异教徒falsification 证伪appeasement 绥靖asymmetrical strategy 不对称战略representative forms of government 代议制政府dependency theory 依附理论telecommunications revolution 电讯革命containment policy 遏制政策counterculture 反主流文化dewesternization 非西方化nonlinearity 非线性utilitarian philosophy 功利主义哲学supply-side economics 供应学派经济学rational actor model 理性行为体模型classical liberal school 古典自由主义学派decentralization 分散化utopian theory 乌托邦理论normative theory 规范理论value judgment 价值判断class struggle 阶级斗争mirror image 镜像comparative study 比较研究cybernetic theory; cybernetics 控制论predictability 可预测性cross-cultural comparative analysis 跨文化比较分析marginalization 边缘化assured destruction 确保摧毁intellectual property 知识产权homogeneous civilization 同质文明homogenization 同质化futurology 未来学clash of civilizations 文明的冲突theoretical foundation 理论基础grand theory 大理论information revolution 信息革命ideological conflict 意识形态冲突barbarism 野蛮状态lobbying 游说nonwhite people 有色人种metaphysics 形而上学long-circle theory

长周期理论resource theory 资源理论autonomous 自治case study 案例研究cyclical theory 周期理论shared ideas 共同观念global governance 全球治理the nature of man 人性cognitive psychology 认知心理学civil society 市民社会ideology 意识形态2010-1-5 05:29 回复贴吧公益presidentjia20位粉丝2楼brain trust 智囊团bandwagon 搭便车autarky 自给自足, 闭关自守atrocity 暴行democratization 民主化constitutional democracy 宪政民主current history approach 当代史方法end of history 历史终结socialization 社会化self-fulfilling prophecy 自我实现的预言structural violence 结构性暴力survival of the fittest 适者生存xenophobia 仇外, 排外ontology 本体论Copenhagen School 哥本哈根学派duality of structure 结构二重性internalization 内化institutionalization 制度化secularization 世俗化think tank 思想库public goods 公共物品non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒informal agreement 非正式协议tariffs reduction 关税减让Tariffs Union 关税同盟reciprocity 互惠Great Depression 大萧条Industrial Revolution 工业革命Industrial Age 工业时代antitrust law 反托拉斯法industrialization 工业化stock market clash 股票市场崩溃floating exchange rate 浮动汇率fixed exchange rate 固定汇率currency exchange rate 外汇汇率gold standard 金本位financial institution 金融机构economic determinism 经济决定论economic globalization 经济全球化economic sanction 经济制裁economic circle 经济周期transnational corporation, multinational corporation 跨国公司money laundering 洗钱energy crisis 能源危机Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合surplus value 剩余价值interest rate 利率balance of trade 贸易平衡trade deficit 贸易赤字treasury bond 公债central bank 中央银行free market system 自由市场体系urbanization 城市化economic growth 经济增长sustainable development 可持续发展customs union 关税同盟emerging market 新兴市场stagflation 滞胀nondiscrimination 非歧视原则nontariff barriers (NTBs) 非关税壁垒package deal 一揽子交易market failure 市场失灵bourgeoisie 资产阶级national self-determination 民族自决national liberation 民族解放racial issue 种族问题ethnic identity 民族身份ethnic conflict 种族冲突buffer state 缓冲国statecraft 治国术comprehensive power 综合国力dual nationality 双重国籍host country 东道国vassal state 附庸国protectorate 保护国geopolitics地缘政治sea power 海权land power 陆权air power 空权Balkan 巴尔干Age of Exploration 地理大发现时代Geoeconomics 地缘经济学Indochina 印度支那Formosa 福摩萨Pacific Rim 环太平洋地区heartland 大陆心脏Latin American 拉丁美洲Strait of

Malacca 马六甲海峡continental country 大陆国家Kashmir 克什米尔geographic location 地理位置Serbia 塞尔维亚shatterbelt 破碎地带Netherlands 尼德兰Eurasia 欧亚大陆satellite state 卫星国lebensraum 生存空间core-periphery model 中心-边缘模式Global North 北方世界Global South 南方世界Karl W. Deutsch 卡尔?多伊奇Francis Fukuyama 弗朗西斯?福山Hans J. Morgenthau 汉斯?摩根索Jean Monnet 让?莫内Joseph S. Nye 约瑟夫?奈Kenneth N. Waltz 肯尼思?沃尔兹Hugo Grotius 雨果?格劳秀斯Jean Bodin 让?博丹2010-1-5 05:29 回复贴吧公益presidentjia20位粉丝3楼William Olson 威廉?奥尔森John Ikenberry 约翰?伊肯伯里Harold Nicolson 哈罗德?尼科尔森 《外交学》Francesco Guicciardini 弗朗切斯科?圭恰迪尼 《意大利史》Thomas Hobbes 托马斯?霍布斯Henry Kissinger 亨利?基辛格Robert Gilpin 罗伯特?吉尔平Arnord Wolfers 阿诺德?沃尔弗斯Edward Karl 爱德华?卡尔Peter Katzenstein 彼得?卡赞斯坦George Kennan 乔治?凯南Stephen Krasner 史蒂芬?克拉斯纳Paul Kennedy 保罗?肯尼迪John Ruggie 约翰?鲁杰Niccol Machiavelli 马基雅维利John Mearsheirmer 约翰?米尔斯海默Adam Smith 亚当?斯密David A. Baldwin 大卫?鲍德温Thucydides 修昔底德Raymond Aron 雷蒙?阿隆Stephen Walt 斯蒂芬?沃尔特Martin Wight 马丁?怀特Max Weber 马克斯?韦伯(德国社会学家)Alexander Wendt 亚历山大?温特Brace Russett 布鲁斯?拉西特Immanuel Wallerstein 伊曼纽尔?沃勒斯坦Jean-Jaques Rousseau 让?雅克?卢梭Sir Ernest Satow 欧内斯特?萨道义爵士 《外交实践指南》John Locke 约翰?洛克Jeremy Bentham 杰里米?边沁France Bacon 弗朗西斯?培根Hedley Bull 赫德利?布尔Herbert Butterfield 赫伯特?巴特菲尔德George Canning 乔治?坎宁Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Benedict de Spinoza 本尼迪克特?德?斯宾诺莎Dante 但丁Lassa Oppenheim 拉萨?奥本海Joseph A. Schumpeter 约瑟夫?A?熊彼特Hans Kelsen 汉斯?凯尔森Voltaire 伏尔泰Montesquieu 孟德斯鸠John Courtney Murray 约翰?考特尼?默里Reinhold Niebuhr 莱因霍尔德?尼布尔John Dowey 约翰?杜威Denis Diderot 丹尼斯?狄德罗Erasmus 伊拉斯谟Ludwig Feuerbach 路德维希?费尔巴哈Benjamin Franklin 本杰明?富兰克林Homer 荷马Graham T. Allison 格雷汉姆?艾利森Tommaso Campanella 托马索?康帕内拉David Hume 大卫?休谟Jack S. Levy 杰克?列维Walter Lippmann 沃尔特?李普曼Quincy Wright 昆西?赖特Susan Strange 苏珊?斯特兰奇Richard Ashley 理查德?阿什利David Mitrany 戴维?米特兰尼Charles de Visscher 查理?德维舍Michael W. Doyle 迈克尔?多伊尔John Hertz 约翰?赫茨Fredric Latzel 弗里德里希?拉采尔Rudolf Kjellen 鲁道夫?契伦Karl Haushofer

卡尔?豪斯霍夫Nicolas Spykman 尼古拉斯?斯皮克曼Sir Halford Mackinder 麦金德Douhet 杜黑Alfred Thayer Mahan 艾尔弗雷德?马汉David Mitrany 戴维?米特兰尼Alexander Hamilton 亚历山大?汉密尔顿Stanley Hoffmann 斯坦利?霍夫曼Kenneth W. Thompson 肯尼思?汤普逊Robert O. Keohane 罗伯特?基欧汉Robert Cox 罗伯特?考克斯Friedrich von Hayek 弗里德里希?冯?哈耶克John W. Burton 约翰?伯顿Morton Kaplan 莫顿?卡普兰John Ikenberry 约翰?埃肯伯里2010-1-5 05:29 回复贴吧公益presidentjia20位粉丝4楼Arnold Toynbee 阿诺德?汤因比Francois de Callieres 弗朗索瓦?德?卡利埃 《外交的艺术》Abraham de Wicquefort 亚伯拉罕?德?威克福 ,《大使及其职能》Robbery Jervis 罗伯特?杰维斯Barry Buzan 巴里?布赞Joseph Grieco 约瑟夫?格里科Sigmund Freud 西蒙?弗洛伊德Jurgen Habermas 尤尔根?哈贝马斯George W. F. Hegal 黑格尔Immanuel Kant 伊曼纽尔?康德Walter Lippmann 沃尔特?李普曼Thomas Aquinas 托马斯?阿奎那Fernand Braudel 费尔南?布罗代尔Karl von Clausewitz 凯尔?冯?克劳塞维茨Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗?哥伦布Auguste Comte 奥古斯特?孔德Herodotus 希罗多德Martin Luther 马丁?路德Richelieu 黎塞留John L. Gaddis 约翰?加迪斯Herbert Spencer 赫伯特?斯宾塞(英国社会学家)Oswald Spengler 奥斯瓦尔德?施宾格勒(德国历史哲学家)Talleyrand 塔列朗Caliphate 哈里发Joseph Stalin 斯大林Dwight D. Eisenhower 德怀特?艾森豪威尔Eisenhower Doctrine 艾森豪威尔主义Harry Truman 哈里?杜鲁门Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义Jimmy Carter 吉米?卡特Ronald Reagan 罗纳德?里根Thomas Jefferson 托马斯?杰斐逊Coolidge 柯立芝Monroe Doctrine 门罗主义Richard Nixon 理查德?尼克松Nixon Doctrine 尼克松主义Winston Churchill 温斯顿?丘吉尔Woodrow Wilson 伍德罗?威尔逊Wilsonianism 威尔逊主义Neville Chamberlain 内维尔?张伯伦Adolf Hitler 阿道夫?希特勒Otto von Bismarch 奥托?冯?俾斯麦Napoleon Bonaparte 拿破仑?波拿巴Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Aristotle 亚里士多德Augustine 奥古斯丁Frederick the Great 腓特烈大帝Prince Metternich 梅特涅亲王Charles de Gaulle 戴高乐Yassir Arafat 阿拉法特Julius Caesar 凯撒Brezhnev Doctrine 勃列日涅夫主义Abbas I 阿拔斯一世Constantine (Byzantine emperor) 君士坦丁(拜占庭皇帝)Hideyoshi 丰臣秀吉Oliver Cromwell 奥利弗?克伦威尔Ivan the Terrible (Tsar) 伊凡雷帝Justinian 查士丁尼Genghis Khan 成吉思汗Mahomet 穆罕默德Peter the Great 彼得大帝William I (Duke of Normandy, the Conqueror, King of England) 威廉一世Yoshida Doctrine 吉田主义Robespierre 罗伯斯庇尔Catherine the Great 叶卡捷琳娜大帝Charlemagne 查理曼大帝Sun Y

at-sen 孙中山Khrushchev 赫鲁晓夫military base 军事基地military coup 军事政变military expenditures 军费开支military assistance 军事援助military integration 军事一体化military intervention 军事干预military provocation 军事挑衅military-technical revolution 军事技术革命mutual deterrence 相互威慑demilitarization of outer space 外层空间的非军事化armed force 军队, 武装力量massive retaliation 大规模报复WMD, Weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器preemption 先发制人cruise missile 巡航导弹ballistic missile defense 弹道导弹防御intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹intermediate-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹2010-1-5 05:29 回复贴吧公益presidentjia20位粉丝5楼theater missile defense (TMD) (战区)导弹防御系统low-intensity conflict 低烈度冲突first-strike strategy 第一次打击战略second-strike capacity 第二次打击能力atomic bomb 原子弹strategic weapon 战略武器tactical weapon 战术武器naval blockade 海上封锁naval force 海军air force 空军land force 陆军arms race 军备竞赛arms control 军备控制naval capability 海军实力Pentagon 五角大楼peace keeping operation 维和行动defense policy 防务政策guerilla war 游击战information warfare (IW), infowar 信息战mercenary 雇佣军open sea 公海outer space 外层空间territorial integrity 领土完整territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial water 领水territorial air 领空territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围limits-to-growth proposition 增长极限论neutrality stated, neutral country 中立国neutralized stated 永久中立国Persian Gulf War 海湾战争Indo-Pakistani War 印巴战争Vietnam War 越南战争conventional war 常规战争war by proxy 代理人战争Indo-Chinese War 中印战争just war 正义战争limited nuclear war 有限核战争preventive war 预防性战争postmodern war 后现代战争total war 总体战争Korean War 朝鲜战争preemptive war 先发制人的战争Crimean War 克里米亚战争Falklands War 马岛战争Franco-Prussian 普法战争Russo-Japanese War 日俄战争Opium War 鸦片战争Great Northern War 北方战争War of Pacific 太平洋战争Thirty Years War 三十年战争the Peloponnesian War 伯罗奔尼撒战争Boer War 布尔战争nuclear weapons 核武器nuclear free zone 无核区non-first use 不首先使用(核武器)nonlethal weapon 非致使武器Chernobyl nuclear accident 切尔诺贝利核事故verification 核查antinuclear movements 反核运动nuclear deterrence 核威慑nuclear winter 核冬天nuclear technology 核技术nuclear age 核时代CTB, Comprehensive test ban 全面禁止核试验Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 全面禁止核试验条约pea

外交类英文练习篇三：外交官衔的英文表达

外交官衔的英文表达

外交官衔（diplomatic rank）是外交与国际关系领域（world of diplomacy and international relations）使用的一套职业（professional）与社会（social）等级。

在19世纪前的传统欧洲外交（traditional European diplomacy）中，每个国家都有自己的一套外交头衔。各国官员级别的高低引发了不少争议。大国（major nations）倾向于认为自己官员的级别高于小国（minor nations）的同类官员，尤其在座次安排（table seatings）方面。为了解决这些问题，1815年维也纳会议（Congress of Vienna）正式确立了一套国际性的外交官衔。其中包括：

特命全权大使（Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary）：国家元首（head of state）的正式代表（formal representative）。梵蒂冈（the Holy See）同级别的（equivalent）罗马教廷大使叫papal nuncio。在英联邦国家（Commonwealth countries），同级别的官员通常是高级专员（High Commissioner），但他代表政府（government）而不是国家元首【可能因为它们的国家元首都是英国国王或女王】。

无任所大使（Ambassador-at-Large）：代表国家（representing the country）的最高级别外交官（diplomat），也叫公使（minister）。

大使负责某一个国家的外交代表机构/外交使团（diplomatic mission），但无任所大使往往负责若干个临近国家（neighboring countries）、地区（region）或政府间机构（intergovernmental organization）【例如联合国（United Nations）或欧盟（European Union）】的外交事务。有时候，无任所大使专门负责某一项事务（a particular issue），给政府首脑（head of government）与外交部长（foreign minister）提供协助与建议（assisting and advising），如美国战争罪行问题大使（United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues）。如果想区分单一国家（single-country）大使与无任所大使，可以将前者说成长驻大使（ambassador-in-residence）。

特命全权公使（Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary）：一般就叫Minister，而Envoy是国家元首的全权代表（representative with plenipotentiary powers），但级别低于大使。在二战之后已经很少使用这个官衔。

长驻公使（Minister Resident/Resident Minister）：一般就叫Minister，现在已经非常罕见，是最低级别的外交使团负责人（chief of mission），仅仅比代办（Chargés d’affaires）【一般被看作是使团负责人的替代者（substitute）或代理（acting）】高一级。

注意作为公使使用的minister一词与政府部长（government minister）与牧师（religious minister）中的minister含义并不相同。公使级的外交使团叫legation。由于他正式代表国家元首，所以可以使用和大使一样的头衔His/Her Excellency。

代办（Chargés d’affaires）：这个发语词的含义是in charge of affairs。简称Chargés。所以他在高级外交官员（senior diplomats）临时不在（temporary absence）的情况下处理事务。Chargés d’affaires ad interim/a.i.是临时代办。在外交使团负责人不在时候代理工作。Chargés d’affaires en pied/e.p.与大使职权（functions and duties）相同，是对应对方国家（the receiving state）的外交部长而不是国家元首的。

但这一体系并没有解决优先权（precedence）的问题。主要国家与同盟国家之间会互派大使，而大国往往只向小国派出特使（envoy）。因此美国直到19世纪末成为世界大国（major world power）之后才有资格使用大使这一官衔。在20世纪中期之前，使用最多的外交官衔是特使。

在二战之后，联合国主权国家平等的原则（the UN doctrine of equality of sovereign states）不再允许将某些国家看作低人一等（inferior）；很多公使级别外交使团（legation）都升级为大使馆（embassy）。美国在1966年升级了在保加利

亚的最后一个公使馆。尽管这些官衔仍然存在，但是担任者（incumbent）是作为使馆部门负责人（section chief）或使团负责人的副职（deputy chief of mission）。

负责一个外交使团的外交官一般叫chief of mission或head of mission，可以是大使、高级专员、教廷大使、特使或长驻公使。由大使负责的外交使团叫大使馆，而由高级专员负责的叫高级专员署（High Commission）。一个国家的外交官与负责对外政策（foreign policy）的官员（officer）叫外交机构（foreign service/diplomatic service）。派往某一个国家的所有外交官叫外交使节团（diplomatic corps）【注意corps的发音与core一样】。其中一位往往成为primus inter pares（同辈者之首），也叫团长（dean of the diplomatic corps）。一般由在该国的最有资历的外交官出任。资历按照到达该国的日期（date of arrival in country）或递交国书（presentation of credentials）日期来确定。

现代外交（modern diplomacy）中情况有所变化。双边外交（bilateral diplomacy）中有一些低于大使级别的职务。因为大部分外交使团都是大使馆级别，所以这些职务并不代表驻在国【或派出国（host country）】重要性的不同，只是反映外交官个人资历（individual seniority）。

大使/高级专员；无任所大使（Ambassador/High commissioner; Ambassador-at-Large）

公使（Minister）

公使衔参赞（Minister-Counselor）

参赞（Counselor）

一秘（First Secretary）

二秘（Second Secretary）

随员（Attaché）

助理随员（Assistant Attaché）

在多边外交（multilateral diplomacy）中，有一些特别的职务。

无任所大使（Ambassador-at-Large）：负责具体任务或地区【有时兼职（doubling）】，具体目标是多元外交（multi-track diplomacy）。

常驻代表（Permanent Representative）：相当于大使，并可能有大使头衔，但是派往国际机构（international body）【作为成员国（member state）或观察员国（observer state）】，而不是对应一个国家元首。

常驻代表（Resident Representative）：相当于大使，但是由国际机构派往某个国家。

专使（Special Ambassador）：某个具体领域的大使，不常驻一个国家，全球巡回。

美国贸易代表（U.S. Trade Representative）：内阁（cabinet）级外交官，领导美国多边谈判（multilateral negotiations）的各个代表团（delegations）。

特使（special envoy）一般由联合国秘书长（Secretary-General）与地区大国委任。

领事系统（consular career）往往构成一个独立体系（a separate hierarchy）。从高到低（ranking in descending order）的职务为：总领事（Consul-General）、领事（Consul）、副领事（Vice-Consul）与领事代办（Consular Agent）；同类但没有外交豁免权（without diplomatic immunity）的职务为：荣誉总领事（Honorary Consul-General）、荣誉领事（Honorary Consul）与荣誉副领事（Honorary Vice-Consul）。

外交类英文练习篇四：外交英文词汇

外交常用英文词汇翻译

Diplomacy 外交常用词汇

Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部

Protocol Department 礼宾司

Information Department 新闻司

diplomatic mission 外交代表机构

embassy 大使馆

legation 公使馆

consulate-general 总领事馆

consulate 领事馆

office of the chargé d'affaires, 代办处

military attaché's office, 武官处

commercial counsellor's office 商务处

press section, in formation service 新闻处

liaison office 联络处

diplomat 外交家, 外交官

diplomatic rank 外交官衔

diplomatic representative 外交代表

members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员

ambassador 大使

ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使

nuncio 教廷大使

internuncio 教廷公使

counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞 chargé d'affaires, 代办

chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办

counsellor 参赞

first secretary 一等秘书

second secretary 二等秘书

third secretary 三等秘书

attaché 随员

commercial secretary 商务参赞

cultural secretary 文化参赞

commercial attaché, 商务专员

cultural attaché, 文化专员

military attaché, 武官

naval attaché, 海军武官

air attaché, 空军武官

consul-general 总领事

consul 领事

doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长

roving ambassador 巡回大使

ambassador-at-large 无任所大使

special envoy 特使

accredited to ... 向…派遣的

foreign affairs 外交

memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录

persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人

de jure recognition 法律承认

commnique 公报

announcement 公告, 通告

letter of credence, credentials 国书

mutual recognition 互相承认

establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系

letter of introduction 介绍书

during one's absence 离任期间

identification card 身份证

statement 声明

de facto recognition 事实上承认

persona grata 受欢迎的人

diplomatic practice 外交惯例

diplomatic immunities 外交豁免

diplomatic privileges 外交特权

diplomatic channels 外交途径

diplomatic courier 外交信使

diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋

letter of appointment 委任书

certificate of appointment 委任证书

exequatur 许可证书

declaration, manifesto 宣扬

letter of recall 召回公文

note 照会

verbal note 普通照会

circular note 通知照会

formal note 正式照会

normalization 正常化

be appointed ambassador to ... 被任命为驻…大使

to express regret 表示遗憾

to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系

to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任

to proceed to take up one's post 赴任

to present one's credentials 递交国书

to exchange ambassadors 互派大使

to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系

to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系

to establish consular relations 建立领事关系

to assume one's post 就任

to take exception to; to object to 提出异议

to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格

to make representations to, to take up a (the) matter with 向…交涉

to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议

to request the consent of... 征求…的同意

to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系

tea party 茶会

an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛

reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会

delegation 代表团

head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长

deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长

member of the delegation 代表团成员

memorial speech 悼词

to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系

prosperity and strength 繁荣富强

friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问

informal visit 非正式访问

official visit 正式访问

private visit 私人访问

state visit 国事访问

obituary 讣告

questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题

state banquet 国宴

message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电

台海关系相关词汇

defensive referendum 台湾防卫性公投

Taiwan independence 台独

the 1992 consensus “九二共识”

cross-straits relation 台海关系

status quo 现状

China’s peaceful reunification.中国和平统一大业

peaceful reunification 和平统一

one country-two systems 一国两制

harm to bilateral ties 损害双边关系

provoke the mainland 挑衅中国大陆

a contravention of Taiwanese people's fundamental interests

危害台湾人民的根本利益

trigger tension in cross-Straits relations 引发台海紧张局势

undermine peace and stability 破坏和平与稳定

the separatist nature 分裂者的本质

an eight-point statement on the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question关于和平解决台湾问题的8点声明

set up a demilitarized zone 建立非军事化区域

"peace and stability framework'' 国务院台湾事务办公室

"unilaterally change the cross-Straits status quo"单方面改变台海现状

the Taiwan Affair Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室

“One China”policy“一个中国”政策

the Three Sino-U.S. Joint Communiquésés《中美三个联合公报》

the Taiwan Relations Act 《与台湾关系法》

infamous separatist臭名昭著的分裂主义者

wire-puller幕后操纵

Taiwan's pro-independence台独分子

pro-independence forces in Taiwan“台独”势力

the premise for Sino-US relations. 中美关系的基础

the McCarthy style of the provocative stance麦卡锡政策

a full-blown deadlock全方位的停滞

make their deeds square with their words言行一致

keep its hands off Taiwan不应该插手台湾问题

常用句子：

Maintain the adherence to the one-China policy

承诺要坚持“一个中国”的原则

Peace overtures as deceptive talks to fool the Taiwanese public and international opinion 发表欺骗性和平论调，愚弄台湾民众和国际舆论。

It is designed to cut off Taiwan from the sacred territory of the Chinese motherland. 把台湾从祖国神圣领土中分裂出去

Keep a close eye on related developments in the run-up to the referendum alongside the upcoming "presidential'' elections a future independence plebiscite对“公投”的发展倾向表示关切

President Bush has reiterated the U.S. commitment to the three Sino-U.S. Joint

Communiqués, the one-China principle, and opposition to Taiwan independence. 美国总统布什重申信守对三个联合公报、“一个中国”的原则和反对“台独”的承诺。 Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory.

台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

There is only one China, and Taiwan is an integral part of China.

世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

The complete reunification of China at an early date is the common aspiration and firm resolve of the entire Chinese people.

早日实现中国的完全统一是全体中国人民的共同心愿和坚定意志。

A peaceful solution to the Taiwan question serves the interests of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan.

和平解决台湾问题符合包括台湾同胞在内的全体中国人民的根本利益。

The greatest threat to peace in the Taiwan Straits is from the splitist activities by the “Taiwan independence” forces. “台独”分裂活动是台海地区和平的最大威胁。

We are firmly opposed to “Taiwan independence”.我们坚决反对“台独”。

"Chinese should not fight fellow Chinese."“中国人不应该打中国人。

外交类英文练习篇五：外交常用英文词汇

外交常用英文词汇翻译!

Diplomacy 外交常用词汇

Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部\r

Protocol Department 礼宾司\r

Information Department 新闻司\r

diplomatic mission 外交代表机构

embassy 大使馆\r

legation 公使馆\r

consulate-general 总领事馆

consulate 领事馆\r

office of the chargé d'affaires, 代办处\r

military attaché's office, 武官处\r

commercial counsellor's office 商务处\r

press section, in formation service 新闻处\r

liaison office 联络处

diplomat 外交家, 外交官\r

diplomatic rank 外交官衔

diplomatic representative 外交代表

members of the administrative and technical staff 行政技术人员\r

ambassador 大使

ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary 特命全权大使

nuncio 教廷大使

internuncio 教廷公使

counsellor withthe rank of minister, minister-counsellor 公使衔参赞\r

chargé d'affaires, 代办

chargé d'affasiread interim, 临时代办

counsellor 参赞

first secretary 一等秘书\r

second secretary 二等秘书

third secretary 三等秘书

attaché, 随员

commercial secretary 商务参赞

cultural secretary 文化参赞

commercial attaché, 商务专员

cultural attaché, 文化专员

military attaché, 武官

naval attaché, 海军武官

air attaché, 空军武官

consul-general 总领事\r

consul 领事

doyen of the diplomatic corps, dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长

roving ambassador 巡回大使

ambassador-at-large 无任所大使

special envoy 特使

accredited to ... 向…派遣的

foreign affairs 外交

memorandum, aidememoire 备忘录\r

persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人

de jure recognition 法律承认

commnique 公报

announcement 公告, 通告

letter of credence, credentials 国书

mutual recognition 互相承认

establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系

letter of introduction 介绍书\r

during one's absence 离任期间

identification card 身份证\r

statement 声明

de facto recognition 事实上承认\r

persona grata 受欢迎的人\r

diplomatic practice 外交惯例

diplomatic immunities 外交豁免

diplomatic privileges 外交特权

diplomatic channels 外交途径

diplomatic courier 外交信使

diplomatic bag, diplomatic pouch 外交邮袋

letter of appointment 委任书\r

certificate of appointment 委任证书

exequatur 许可证书

declaration, manifesto 宣扬

letter of recall 召回公文

note 照会

verbal note 普通照会\r

circular note 通知照会

formal note 正式照会

normalization 正常化\r

be appointed ambassador to ... 被任命为驻…大使\r

to express regret 表示遗憾

to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系

to resume charge of the office, to return to one's post 返任

to proceed to take up one's post 赴任

to present one's credentials 递交国书

to exchange ambassadors 互派大使

to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系

to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系\r

to establish consular relations 建立领事关系

to assume one's post 就任

to take exception to; to object to 提出异议

to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格

to make representations to, to take up a (the) matter with 向…交涉\r

to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议\r

to request the consent of... 征求…的同意

to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会

an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛\r

reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会

delegation 代表团\r

head of the delegation, leader of the delegation 团长

deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长\r

member of the delegation 代表团成员\r

memorial speech 悼词

to develop the relations offriendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系

prosperity and strength 繁荣富强

visit 访问

friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问

informal visit 非正式访问

official visit 正式访问

private visit 私人访问

state visit 国事访问

obituary 讣告

questions of common interest;question of common concern 共同关心的问题\r

state banquet 国宴

message of greeting, message of congratulation 贺电

speech of welcome 欢迎词\r

welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会

cocktail party 鸡尾酒会

good health and a long life 健康长寿

profound condolence 深切哀悼\r

cordial hospitality 盛情接待

the two sides, the two parties 双方

luncheon 午宴

message of condolence 唁电

reception 招待会\r

toast 祝酒词\r

memorial meeting 追悼会\r

to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问

to meet with 会见

to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队

外交类英文练习篇六：工程光学练习题(英文题加中文题含答案)

English Homework for Chapter 1

1.In ancient times the rectilinear propagation of light was used to measure the height of objects by comparing the length of their shadows with the length of the shadow of an object of known length. A staff 2m long when held erect casts a shadow 3.4m long, while a building’s shadow is 170m long. How tall is the building?

x2

Solution. According to the law of rectilinear propagation, we get, 1703.4 x=100 (m)

So the building is 100m tall.

2.Light from a water medium with n=1.33 is incident upon a water-glass interface at an angle of 45o. The glass index is 1.50. What angle does the light make with the normal in the glass? Solution. According to the law of refraction, We get,

nsinIn'sinI'

1.33sin45

sinI0.626968

1.5

I38.8



n

So the light make 38.8o with the normal in the glass.

3. A goldfish swims 10cm from the side of a spherical bowl of water of radius 20cm. Where does the fish appear to be? Does it appear larger or smaller? Solution. According to the equation.

nnnn

llr and n’=1 , n=1.33, r=-20

we can get

1nnn1.330.330.1165llr1020l8.5836(cm)

nl8.58361.33

1.14161nl110

So the fish appears larger.

4.An object is located 2cm to the left of convex end of a glass rod which has a radius of curvature of 1cm. The index of refraction of the glass is n=1.5. Find the image distance. Solution. Refer to the figure. According to the equation

nnnnllr and n=1, n’=1.5, l1=-2cm, r1=1cm , we get

1.51.5110

l112l1

l2dl12cml2

′ ′

English Homework for Chapter 2

1.An object 1cm high is 30cm in front of a thin lens with a focal length of 10cm. Where is the image? Verify your answer by graphical construction of the image. Solution. According to the Gauss’s equation,

′

11llf and l=-30cm f’=10 cm.

we get

l

fl10(30)

15(cm)fl10(30)

Others are omitted.

2.A lens is known to have a focal length of 30cm in air. An object is placed 50cm to the left of the lens. Locate the image and characterize it. Solution. According to Gauss’s equation,

′

11llf and f′=30cm l=-50cm

l

we get

fl30(50)

75(cm)fl30(50)

l75

1.5

l50

The image is a real, larger one.

3.The object is transparent cube, 4mm across, placed 60cm in front of 20cm focal length. Calculate the transverse and axial magnification and describe what the image looks like? Solution. From Gauss’s equation, we find for the rear surface of the cube (the face closer to the lens)

l1

that,

l1f(60)(20)

30(cm)l1f(60)20

For the front surface (the face farther away from the lens),

l2

(60.4)20

29.9(cm)

60.420

Mt

30

0.5

60

The transverse magnification for the rear surface is

Ma

But the axial magnification is Since

l3029.9

0.25l60(60.4)

Mt

Ma

,the cube doesn’t look like a cube.

4.A biconvex lens is made out of glass of n=1.52. If one surface has twice the radius of curvature of the other, and if the focal length is 5cm, what are the two radii? Solution. Supposing r1= -2r2 (ρ2=-2ρ1),according to the lens equation

1

(n1)(12) we get, 5(1.521)(12)

10.1282

20.2564

∴r1=7.8(cm) r2=-3.9(cm)

返回

English Homework for Chapter 4

1. A stop 8mm in diameter is placed halfway between an extended object and a large-diameter lens of 9cm focal length. The lens projects an image of the object onto a screen 14cm away. What is the diameter of the exit pupil?

Solution. Refer to the figure. First, from the known focal length and the image distance,

we find the object distance.



111

llf and l’=14 f’=9 l=-25.2(cm)

The stop is one-half that distance is front of the lens, so ls=12.6(cm) ∴ls’=31.5(cm)



Dexl31.5

s

25.Dstopls

∴

Dex

2.50.82(cm)

2. Two lenses, a lens of 12.5cm focal length and a minus lens of unknown power, are mounted coaxially and 8 cm apart. The system is a focal, that is light entering the system parallel at one side emerges parallel at the other. If a stop 15mm in diameter is placed halfway between the lenses:

1) Where is the entrance pupil? 2) Where is the exit pupil? 3) What are their diameters?

’

Solution. Refer to the figure. For the system to be a focal, the focal points of the two lenses must

coincide. Since f1’=12.5cm, and the two lenses are 8cm apart, so f2’=-4.5cm. The entrance pupil is the image of stop formed by the first lens.

外交类英文练习篇七：国际关系外交专业英语词汇

国际关系专业英语词汇

buffer state 缓冲国

statecraft 治国术

comprehensive power 综合国力

dual nationality 双重国籍

host country 东道国

vassal state 附庸国

protectorate 保护国

a defeated country战败国

satellite state 卫星国

victorious nation战胜国

neutrality stated, neutral country 中立国

neutralized stated 永久中立国

Axis Powers 轴心国

nonaligned state 不结盟国家

signatory state of the treaty (convention) 缔约国

hegemonic state 霸权国

political science 政治学

comparative politics 比较政治学

low politics 低级政治

high politics 高级政治

politics of scale 规模政治

Realpolitik 现实政治

bureaucratic politics 官僚政治

political geography 政治地理

politicization 政治化

political psychophysiology 政治精神心理学

ecopolitics 生态政治学

political elite 政治精英

zero-sum game 零和游戏

nonzero-sum game 非零和游戏

game theory 博弈论

two-level game or two-tier game 双层博弈

paradigm 范式

localization 本土化

irreversibility 不可逆转性

convention 常规

deconstruction 解构

balance of power 均势

association agreement 联系协定

exclusivity 排他性

critique theories 批判理论

equilibrium 平衡

globalization 全球化

identity 认同或特性

spill-over 外溢

relative gain 相对收益

absolute gain 绝对收益

interdependence 相互依赖

loyalty-transferring 效忠转移

marginal cost 边际成本

public domain 公共领域

public choice theory 公共选择理论

interstate transaction cost 国家间交易成本

transaction benefit 交易收益

interests group 利益集团

prisoner’s dilemma 囚徒困境

transferring rights 权利让渡

anarchy 无政府状态

constitutionalism 宪政

asymmetric information 信息不对称

quantitative analysis 定量分析

qualitative analysis 定性分析

transactionism 交流理论

complex interdependence 复合相互依赖

case study 个案研究

theoretical framework 理论体系

dialectical method 辩证法

world system theory 世界体系理论

alienation 异化

natural selection 物竞天择

pagan 异教徒

falsification 证伪

appeasement 绥靖

asymmetrical strategy 不对称战略

representative forms of government 代议制政府

dependency theory 依附理论

telecommunications revolution 电讯革命

containment policy 遏制政策

counterculture 反主流文化

dewesternization 非西方化

nonlinearity 非线性

utilitarian philosophy 功利主义哲学

supply-side economics 供应学派经济学

rational actor model 理性行为体模型

classical liberal school 古典自由主义学派

decentralization 分散化

utopian theory 乌托邦理论

normative theory 规范理论

value judgment 价值判断

class struggle 阶级斗争

mirror image 镜像

comparative study 比较研究

cybernetic theory; cybernetics 控制论

predictability 可预测性

cross-cultural comparative analysis 跨文化比较分析 marginalization 边缘化

assured destruction 确保摧毁

intellectual property 知识产权

homogeneous civilization 同质文明[,hɔmə'dʒi:niəs, ,həu-] homogenization 同质化

Heterogeneou 异质化[,hetərəu'dʒi:njəs]

futurology 未来学

clash of civilizations 文明的冲突

theoretical foundation 理论基础

grand theory 大理论

information revolution 信息革命

ideological conflict 意识形态冲突

barbarism 野蛮状态

lobbying 游说

nonwhite people 有色人种

metaphysics 形而上学

long-circle theory 长周期理论

resource theory 资源理论

autonomous 自治

case study 案例研究

cyclical theory 周期理论

shared ideas 共同观念

global governance 全球治理

the nature of man 人性

cognitive psychology 认知心理学

civil society 市民社会

ideology 意识形态

brain trust 智囊团

bandwagon 搭便车

autarky 自给自足, 闭关自守

atrocity 暴行

democratization 民主化

constitutional democracy 宪政民主

current history approach 当代史方法

end of history 历史终结

socialization 社会化

self-fulfilling prophecy 自我实现的预言

structural violence 结构性暴力

survival of the fittest 适者生存

xenophobia 仇外, 排外

ontology 本体论

Copenhagen School 哥本哈根学派

duality of structure 结构二重性

internalization 内化

institutionalization 制度化

secularization 世俗化

think tank 思想库

public goods 公共物品

non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒

informal agreement 非正式协议

tariffs reduction 关税减让

Tariffs Union 关税同盟

reciprocity 互惠

Great Depression 大萧条

Industrial Revolution 工业革命

Industrial Age 工业时代

antitrust law 反托拉斯法

industrialization 工业化

stock market clash 股票市场崩溃

floating exchange rate 浮动汇率

fixed exchange rate 固定汇率

currency exchange rate 外汇汇率

gold standard 金本位

financial institution 金融机构

economic determinism 经济决定论

economic globalization 经济全球化

economic sanction 经济制裁

economic circle 经济周期

transnational corporation, multinational corporation 跨国公司 money laundering 洗钱

energy crisis 能源危机

Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合

surplus value 剩余价值

interest rate 利率

balance of trade 贸易平衡

trade deficit 贸易赤字

treasury bond 公债

central bank 中央银行

free market system 自由市场体系 urbanization 城市化

economic growth 经济增长

sustainable development 可持续发展 customs union 关税同盟

emerging market 新兴市场 stagflation 滞胀

nondiscrimination 非歧视原则

nontariff barriers (NTBs) 非关税壁垒 package deal 一揽子交易 market failure 市场失灵

bourgeoisie 资产阶级

national self-determination 民族自决 national liberation 民族解放 racial issue 种族问题

ethnic identity 民族身份

ethnic conflict 种族冲突

geopolitics地缘政治

sea power 海权

land power 陆权

air power 空权

Balkan 巴尔干

Age of Exploration 地理大发现时代 Geoeconomics 地缘经济学 Indochina 印度支那

Formosa 福摩萨

Pacific Rim 环太平洋地区 heartland 大陆心脏

Latin American 拉丁美洲 Strait of Malacca 马六甲海峡 continental country 大陆国家 Kashmir 克什米尔

geographic location 地理位臵 Serbia 塞尔维亚

shatterbelt 破碎地带

Netherlands 尼德兰

Eurasia 欧亚大陆

lebensraum 生存空间

core-periphery model 中心-边缘模式 Global North 北方世界

Global South 南方世界

外交类英文练习篇八：英文练习题答案

A

1. John Koshak believed that the chance of his house surviving the storm was not slim for the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level, much higher than his former home which was demolished by Hurricane Betsy; for another, he was reluctant to abandon his home because his business was right there; that is, the supplies and other stuff related to his business were all stored in the house.

2. They filled bathtubs and pails in case that the water mains were damaged. Besides, they checked the batteries for radio and flashlights and the fuel for the lantern as they might need them in the event of power failure. A generator was necessary because they could wire light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.

3. They found it impossible to escape both by car or on foot. The car’s electricity system ha been killed by water and the water was rising inch by inch up the steps as the first-floor outside walls collapsed so that the water became too deep for them to flee on foot.

4. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and thus endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee to safer inland.

5. Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.

6. A hurricane party was the one held by vacationers to enjoy the unusual and impressive spectacle of the hurricane in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they would be safe and be able to observe the process of the natural phenomenon closely with a clear and broad view. It happened that these vacationers were eventually found missing and the Richelieu Apartments ceased to be their refuge from the hurricane. Rather, the powerful hurricane smashed the apartments apart.

7. The hurricane caused great property loss, but the whone family survived the hurricane. What Grandmother Koshak meant is that human lives are more important and valuable than material possessions.

8.They managed to make their life return to normal and started rebuilding their community without delay.

B

1. This piece of narration is organized as follows: introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict---man versus hurricane. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.

2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story, such as the protagonist John Koshak, Jr.

3. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.

4. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.

5. The insertion of Paragraph19 and 20 as proof of the ravaging power of the other force---the hurricane in the conflict so that man’s triumph over the hurricane became moramazing and admirable.

6. The story reaches its climax in Paragraphs 26 and 27 and from then on the story moves rapidly

to its conclusion.

7. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: “We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.” After all, human lives are more important and valuable than material possessions.

8. By using the elliptical and short sentences, the writer tries to display how tense the atmosphere becomes as the hurricane strikes at the house and how decisive and deterined the protagonist appears in face of the disaster.

III. Paraphrase

1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.

2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.

5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.

6. The electrical systems in the car had been destroyed/ruined by water.

7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.

8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.

10. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.

IV

A

1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.

2. sit out: stay until the end of

3. report: a loud, resounding noise, especially one made by an explosion

4. douse: put out(a light, fire, generator, etc.) quickly by pouring water over it

5. kill: to destroy, to end

6. litter: the young borne at one time by a dog, cat, or other animals which normally bear several young at a delivery

7. swath: a broad strip, originally the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device

8. bar: a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines on a music sheet

9. lean-to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building

10. break up: to disperse; be brought to an end

11. pitch in: to join and help with an activity

12. the blues: sad and depressed feelings

B

1-5 fhaij

6-10 lmkdb

11-13 gce

V. Translation

A

1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.

2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.

3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of yuan.

4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.

5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.

6.To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.

7.In the earthquake the main structures of most poor-quality houses disintegrated.

8. His wonderful dream vanished into the air despite his hard efforts to achieve his goals. B

1. 但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，

除非等到他的一家人——妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

2. 楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗

破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。

3. 于是大家都跑到靠两堵内墙保护的楼梯上歇着。个个吓得要命，气喘吁吁，浑身湿透。

4. 谁都明白现在已是无路可逃．死活都只好留在屋子里了。

5. 不一会儿，一阵强风掠过，将整个屋顶卷入空中，抛向40英尺以外。

6. 在飓风中心纵横约70英里的范围内，其风速接近每小时200英里，掀起的浪头高达

30英尺。

7. 尚未被风刮倒的树上结彩似地挂满被撕成布条的衣服，吹断的电线像黑色的实心面一样

盘成一圈一圈地散在路面上。

8. 在废墟里寻找残留物品本应会令人沮丧，可事实并非如此，因为每一件未被损坏的东西

都代表他们战胜狂风的一个小小的胜利。

C

柯夏克老爹心中窝着一团火，深为自己在飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。也说不清为什么，他跑到一问卧室里去将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。就在这里，一面墙壁被风刮倒了，提灯也被吹灭。另外又有一面墙壁在移动，在摇晃。查理.希尔试图以身子撑住它，但结果墙还是朝他这边塌了下来，把他的背部也给砸伤了。房子在颤动摇晃，已从地基上挪开了25英尺。整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了。

“我们来把床垫竖起来!”约翰对父亲大声叫道。“把它斜靠着挡挡风。让孩子们躲到垫子下面去，我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子。”

大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层层地压在大的身上，大人们都弯下身子罩住他们。地板倾斜了。装着那一窝四只小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一下子就在风中消失了。斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶上刮走而不见踪影了。那只狗紧闭着双眼，缩成一团。又一面墙壁倒塌了。水拍打着倾斜的地板。约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“假若地板塌了，咱们就把孩子放到这块门板上面。”

外交类英文练习篇九：英文字母练习题(一)

美韵教育

英文字母练习题（一）

（满分100分）

1、听力部分（30分）

一、听一遍录音，在听到的字母上面打“√”（5分）

1、Dd Bb 2、Hh Aa 3、Ii Ee 4、Gg Jj 5、Bb Ii

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

二、听录音，选择你所听到的字母，将相应的序号填在括号内。（10分）

1. （ ）A. J B. K C. G

2. （ ）A. B B. D C. P

3. （ ）A. Y B. I C. L

4. （ ）A. F B. S C. X

5. （ ）A. Q B. W C. U

6. （ ）A. L B. R C. N

7. （ ）A. M B. N C. L

8. （ ）A. G B. Z C. C

9. （ ）A. r B. l C. a

10. （ ）A. b B. v C. T

三、听一遍录音，根据字母表顺序判断下列每组字母的顺序是否正确，用“√”或“×”表示。（10分）

1、ADC 2、LMN 3、EFG 4、JIK 5、cdc

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

6、fhg 7、ghi 8、mno 9、zoy 10、ace

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

四、听录音写出字母的大小写（5分）

2、笔试部分（70分）

1

一、根据字母表的顺序写出相邻的两个字母（大、小写）（10分）

1、 Dd 2 Yy 3、、 Vv

二、根据字母表的顺序重新排列下列字母（10分）

Yy Ss Rr Vv Uu Zz Tt Qq Ww Xx

三、按26字母顺序将以下字母补充完整，包括大小写。（26分）

1.

2.

四、将字母相应的大小写用线连起来。（14分）

g d U k

C E m i

H F q y

e h K j

f c I u

w G J M

D W Y Q

五、找出图片里的字母。并按顺序排列。（10分）

字母：

2

外交类英文练习篇十：练习口语的英文文章

Have fun learning English

Before you begin studying English, ask yourself one question: Why do I want to study English? Is it because you want to, or because someone else wants you to? Like every decision in life, studying English must be something you want to do. Once you have decided, then write down your goals and begin to practice good study habits. You can begin slowly while forming a regular practice of study in order to reach your goal. Have fun learning English. The things we do best in life are the things we enjoy doing. If you are having fun learning English, you’re studying in the right way.

A Strong Body and Mind

Knowledge is power. But we must remember that a strong mind needs a strong body in order to make it most effective. There are many good exercises to make your body strong. Any exercise that allows maximum use of different body movements is good. Outdoor sports are the best because of fresh air, but indoor sports can be effective also. Our bodies can get more oxygen by doing exercise. The more exercises you do, the healthier you’ll become. Don’t neglect your body. It is as important as your mind.

Take Action

Successful people are intensely action-oriented. They seem to move faster than unsuccessful people. They are busier. They try more, and they try harder. They start a little earlier and they stay a little later. They are in constant motion. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, start at the last moment necessary and quit at the first moment possible. They are fastidious about taking every minute of coffee breaks, lunch hours, sick leave, and vacations. They sometimes brag, “When I am not at work, I never even think about it.”

Friends

Everyone needs friends to talk with, laugh, feel closeness, and do things with. There are times when we need to be alone, though. We don’t always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend. No two people are the same. Sometimes friends don’t get along well. That doesn’t mean they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away and we miss them. Maybe we will never see them again. Luckily, we can call them and write to them.Today’s technology allows us to have more friends in more places than ever before.

I'd like to talk about books. A good book is like a good friend. You should read as many books as you possibly can. You shouldn't just take a quick look at a book. You should read it carefully again and again. There is a famous quote. A man who doesn't read books is far worse off than a man who can read books. Make books your friends and let books take you aroud the world. Get a book now and dive into it. Let the wisdom contained in books guide you through your life.

I want to tell you something very important today. I want to tell you the life about choices. You can choose to be miserable or you can choose to enjoy your life. You can choose to improve your health or you can choose to destroy it. I hope you'll make correct choices. I hope you'll choose to enjoy your family, enjoy your friends, enjoy your work, and enjoy your everyday life. Life is a gift, and we really should enjoy every minute of it. Join the group of people who make good choices and enjoy your life.

I want to talk about the importance of clear communication.Clear communication means being able to really hear what someone is saying. You need to listen with your heart, not only your ears. Remember you have two ears but only one mouth. That means you should listen more and speak less, listening as well as speaking. It's absolutely clear for necessary clear communication. Good communcation is not as easy as it appears,it takes hard work and years of practice. Thanks for being here and listening to my speech. I hope I made my message clear. I hope you make it a goal here to improve your communication. Thanks for your attention.

I'm cheerful cat, I have nothing to fear.

I work extremely hard every day, but I'm very tired. I need to work smarter , not harder. I must find a better way to do my job. I must find time to enjoy life. I know hard work is a part of everybody's life. But I work too hard. My hard work goes too far.My hard work in ruining my health, my hard work is killing me, other people have time for fun, going to bars and going to the parties. All I do is getting into my car and go to work every day. This life is too hard. I need to make a fresh start.

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