a tornado is a rotated

导读：　a tornado is a rotated篇一：A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground ...

a tornado is a rotated篇一：A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground, almost all of which occur in the US.

Hurricanes are strong tropicalstorms,which usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.

The most violent have winds of more than每小时400公里 Tornadoes can （卷起）cars, trains and even houses and把它们扔下来 in the next steet--or enen in the next town. They can- the fur - the back of a cat and the feathers -a chicken. They can- houses, but- the furniture inside exactly where it was原来的地方. On average平均起来, there are 800

tornadoes in the US each year, causing引起 about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting 影响three US states: Missouri, Illinois and INdiana. By the time it ended,到它结束时 more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had benn injured.

The worst hurricane disaster of all time有史以来 occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high 5米高waves hit the city.

By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1898, a year before the hurricane struck.袭击

a tornado is a rotated篇二：高中英语必修3课文翻译

What Is a Tornado?

龙卷风是什么?

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.

龙卷风是一种旋转的气流柱从一场雷雨在地上。

The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.

最暴力的有的风速超过400公里每小时。

Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

几乎所有的车都发生在美国,在该地区东南来自德克萨斯州到南达科塔州在北方。

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town.

龙卷风可以捡到的汽车、火车,甚至的房屋,把它们记在接下来的street-or甚至在邻近的城镇。

They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.

他们能够获得皮毛从后面的那片羽毛,一只猫从鸡。

They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

他们可以破坏房屋,但离开里面的家具到底在哪里。

On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.

平均来说,有800个龙卷风在美国每年造成约80人死亡,1500伤害。

The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.

最严重的飓风发生在1925年的,影响了三名美国状态:密苏里州,伊利诺斯州和印第安那州的初选。

By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. 在那个时候结束后,700多名乘客被打死,2700人受伤。

What Is a Hurricane?

什么是飓风?

Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

飓风强热带风暴,他们通常发生在南大西洋,加勒比海和墨西哥湾。

There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.

有强风120公里的时速或更多,造成巨浪,大雨和洪水。

There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.

关于平均为6大西洋飓风,每年他们通常影响美国东海岸,从德克萨斯州一直延伸到缅因州。

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.

最严重的飓风灾难所有的时间出现在9月8日在得克萨斯州加尔维斯敦市1900年。

Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.

风力每小时200公里five-metre巨浪袭击了城市。

The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings. 这场灾难的6000人死亡人口中有三万七千人,毁坏了3600建筑。

An Extraordinary Event

一个不同寻常的事件

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.

这个故事是关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风。

Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada.

查尔斯Coghlan是一个19世纪的爱尔兰演员去住在加拿大。

He then moved to New York, where he became famous.

然后他搬到纽约,在那里他成名了。

By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.

到了1890年代末期,他就搬到加尔维斯顿,拿破仑死于1899年的前一年,飓风袭击。

The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.

这个公墓,许多Coghlan葬被毁坏的Coghlan的棺木飓风,最终在海中。

Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edw 8年之后,棺材是渔民们在海上发现他家附近Edw王子

a tornado is a rotated篇三：高中英语sandstorms

a tornado is a rotated篇四：外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译

必修3 Book3

Great European Cities

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world‟s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France‟s artists and writers live in Paris.

Barcelona

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelna‟s most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn‟t been finished yet!

Florence

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence‟s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffiziz Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.

Athens

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world‟s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece‟s best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.

The European Union

What Is the European Union?

The European Union is an organization of European countries. The countries are independent and are governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.

How Did It start?

The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century. By the year 2000, there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

How Many Countries Belong to It Now?

In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.

Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries

The Human Development Report

In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.

One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country„s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. the other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3), Australia(4), the Netherlands

(5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in west Africa) at the bottom of the list.

The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to:

·reduce poverty and hunger;

·make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;

·fight AIDS and other diseases;

·improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;

·encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.

The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953-1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the Challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Afica. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.

The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.

Town Twinning

How are Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France similar? Well, they‟re both medium-sized towns of between 100,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. They both have universities and industries. Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region. But they share something else: they have a town twinning agreement.

Town twinning is not a new idea, but it has become more popular in recent years because it‟s now easier to find out about and visit other countries and towns. It‟s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.

Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns to visit each other. There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams. Visitors from the foreign town usually stay in the private homes of the town they are visiting. There is usually a big party for the visitors.

Town twinning agreements are perhaps most useful for students and people who want to practice speaking another language. This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.

Module 3 The Violence of Nature

What Is a Tornado?

A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street – or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

What Is a Hurricane?

Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of US from Texas to Maine.

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.

An Extraordinary Event

This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.

Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Cohglan‟s coffin ended up in the sea.

Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan traveled back to Canada – after he had been buried in Texas!

Earthquakes Around the Pacific

About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year.

China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The most serious of these occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province in 1556. the earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It covered an area of 800 square kilometers. In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. In all, 830,000 people lost their lives.

The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at 5:15 a.m., and lasted for only a minute. However, it caused the worst natural disaster in the nation‟s history.

Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. The fires burned for three days, destroying a total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless. In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths.

The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, movements on the San Andreas Fault continue to cause problems for the whole of California.

Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia

Sandstorms in Asia

Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren JIanbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert. “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I‟ve ever been in. You just had to hope you‟d survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It‟s difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you‟d better wear a mask.”

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years. The Green Movement

Some countries are better than others at looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve the environment. People in countries such as Germany put their garbage into different bags – paper in one bag, plastic in another bag, etc. the garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. CFCs (chlorofluro-carbons), chemicals which are found in refrigerators and aerosol cans are not allowed. There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal.

In the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon spread all over Europe. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this information to newspapers.

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

Philosophers of Ancient China

Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius (551 BC-479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius‟s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.

Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behavior. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.

CULTURAL CORNER

The Industrial Revolution

In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was an important change in society. This change was called the “Industrial Revolution”. Until then Europe had been a farming society. With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time. The factories were built in towns and as a result, the population of towns and cities greatly increased.

These changes became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine. This was invented in 1769 by James Watt and was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution. At first the steam engine was used in mines, but it was soon used in factories and on the railways.

During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became more powerful than land owners. Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city. Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions. From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.

Module 6 Old and New

The Three Gorges Dam

Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”. Now his dream has come true. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world‟s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.

The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China. The dam is nearly 200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.

Sun yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. Three quarters of China‟s energy is produced by burning coal. In 1993, China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.

a tornado is a rotated篇五：Module_3_The_Violence_of_Nature_教学设计

Module 3 The violence of nature

教学设计

CULTURAL CORNER

■Goals

●To read about earthquakes

■Procedures

Step 1: Before you read

Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.

Step 2: While you read

Cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.

Step 3: After you read

Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. You may make sentences with these expressions.

Introduction

Step 1 Presentation

As you know, nature plays an important part

in our daily life. We sometimes meet the violence of nature by accident. The terrible weather has a bad effect on our daily life. Because of the destruction by human beings, this kind of weather occurs often.

Step 2 The teacher says, can you know the names of nature disasters The teacher shows pictures of flood, hurricane lightening thunderstorm tornado . The purpose of the pictures is to lead in the five important words and know the names of the viole真的不掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

nce .

Step 3 Match the words in the box with their definition.

1. a lot of water in an area which is usually dry.

2. a very strong wind or storm

3. a lot of rain falling quickly, with loud noises and flashes of light.

4. the flash of light which happens during a thunderstorm.

5. a column of air that turns very quickly.

a tornado is a rotated篇六：龙卷风英文简介

a tornado is a rotated篇七：抽考题

第七次抽考题

姓名：________ 班级：_________考号：__________分数：____ Part 1

Here are the information about Manchester University. It is about 200 miles far away from London, and it has a very big schoolyard. You can live in the school or near the school. They have all sorts of course. I’m sure you will find one you like it. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. So I will see that there is anything in their websites. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport when you arrived. You met him a few years ago, but he has changed a lot since then. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

Part 2

A tornado is a rotated column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometer per hour. Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put it down in the next street—or even in the next town. They can take the fur out the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, and leave the furniture inside exactly what it was.

On average there are 800 tornadoes in the U.S. each year, cause about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all the time occur in 1935, affecting three U.S. states . By the time it ended, more than 700 people had killed and 2,700 had been injured.

Part 3

My nephew Mary is a Senior 3 student, who devoted herself to her lessons every day. Last Saturday, as usual, she went to several class. In the evening, she continued to study at home until deeply into the night. She was too sleepy and tired that she couldn’t work effectively. In Sunday morning, she was about to do her lessons while her father came up and advised her to take a break. Soon they came up a good idea. They decided to go cycling in the countryside. Mary enjoyed herself, competing and chatting with her father, and felt relaxing in the open air. On the Monday, Mary was energetic but active in class. She spent the whole day in the countryside, and Mary said what she had done was worthwhile.

Part 4

It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike for Christmas, but he rode it every day. One morning, he suddenly found the bike gone. Ran to his front yard, he saw a man loading it into his car. He shouted, but the man drive off. As a devoted Christian, he told his dad he real forgave the thief. What’s more, he wanted the thief know he was forgiven. So the next day, he posted the message on a posterboard and put it in the front yard. “To the person who stole my bike: You hurt my feeling. But I am a Christian and I forgive him!” When he left for home the next morning, at the end of the driveway, the bike was back with new brakes.

a tornado is a rotated篇八：外研社高中英语课文-必修3

　　　　必修3 　　MODULE 1　　Europe欧洲 　　Read the passage and match the photos with these descriptions.阅读文章并将图片与下列描述搭配起来。 　　a landmark in Paris巴黎的标志性建筑 an art gallery in Florence佛罗伦萨的美术馆 　　a church in Barcelona巴塞罗那的教堂 　　a building in Athens雅典的一座建筑 　　The Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔 　　The Parthenon帕台农神庙 　　The Uffizi Palace乌菲齐美术馆 　　The Sagrada Familia圣家大教堂 　　Great European Cities欧洲大城市 　　PARIS巴黎 　　Paris is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. 巴黎是法国的首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。巴黎是世界上最漂亮的城市之一，每年有超过八百万的游客来这里旅游。 The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries,the Louvre,is also located in Paris. 最受游客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔，它是巴黎著名的象征。世界上最大的美术馆之一--卢浮宫，也在巴黎。 The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris. 这个城市也以餐馆、咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。法国大约三分之二的艺术家和作家都生活在巴黎。 BARCELONA巴塞罗那 Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital,Madrid. 巴塞罗那是西班牙的第二大城市，它位于西班牙东北海岸，大概在离西班牙首都马德里东边五百千米的地方。 One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. 巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是由建筑师安东尼奥?高迪建造的圣家大教堂。 Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn't been finished yet! 高迪从1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世，这座家庙还没有竣工。 FLORENCE佛罗伦萨 Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. 佛罗伦萨是意大利的一座城市，这座城市因文艺复兴而变得著名。文艺复兴是一次大型的文艺运动，开始于13世纪，持续了三百年。 During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. 在文艺复兴时期，历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。 Many of Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. 佛

罗伦萨很多非常漂亮的油画和雕塑都是由伟大的艺术家如莱昂纳多?达?芬奇和米开朗琪罗创作的。 Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries,churches and museums.The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. 每年大约有一百万的游客来佛罗伦萨参观美术馆、教堂和博物馆，乌菲齐美术馆是这座城市最著名的美术馆。 ATHENS雅典 Athens,the capital of Greece,is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. 雅典是希腊的首都，作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。 Two thousand four hundred years ago,it was the world's most powerful city. 2400年前，雅典是世界上最强大的城市， Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.像位于雅典卫城山的帕台农神庙这样的建筑等就是在那个时期建造的。希腊最优秀的作家就住在古雅典，他们的作品影响了后世的作家。 　　　　Module 2 　　Developing and Developed Countries　　发展中国家与发达国家 　　Read the passage.Answer these questions.　　阅读文章并回答下列问题。 　　What did world leaders agree to do in 2000? 　　2000年各国领导人达成了什么协议？ 　　What does the Human Development Index measure? 　　衡量人类发展的尺度是什么？ 　　What are the first two Development Goals? 　　最初的两个发展目标是什么？ 　　What progress have we made towards these goals? 　　我们朝着这些目标取得了哪些进步？ 　　What do developed countries need to do? 　　发达国家需要做些什么？ 　　　　The Human Development Report人类发展报告 　　In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. 2000年，147个国家领导人达成协议，一起努力到2015年甚至更早缓解贫困，这个协议达成后接下来便产生了《人类发展报告》。 One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.This examines the achievements of 175 countries. 这个报告最重要的一部分就是"人类发展指标"，这对175个国家的成果作了分析检测。 The Index measures a country's achievements in three ways:life expectancy (how long people usually live),education and income.The index has some surprises.Norway is at the top of the list,while the US is at number 7. 这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命（人们通常能活多久）、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。 The other top five countries are:Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). 中间五个国家按

名次分别是冰岛、瑞典、澳大利亚和荷兰， The UK is in the thirteenth position,while China is in the middle of the list.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 英国位居第十三，而中国排在名单的中间。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，西非的塞拉利昂排在最后。 The report describes eight Development Goals.The most important goals are to: 这个报告描述了八个发展目标，最重要的目标是： reduce poverty and hunger;缓解贫穷和饥饿； make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;确保11岁以上的孩子都能接受教育； fight AIDS and other diseases;战胜艾滋病和其他疾病 improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; 改善穷人的生活环境，如确保他们都喝上安全健康的饮用水； encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。 The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years(1953-1962),China increased life expectancy by 13 years. 2003年的《人类发展报告》报告了几个发展成功的实例，譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命就增加了13岁； In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. 在过去的十年中，中国有1.5亿人摆脱了贫穷，然而，仍然还存在着很大的挑战。 Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. 在发展中国家每天仍有7.99亿人处于饥饿中，这些人中有一半是南亚或者非洲的； Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. 虽然发展中国家超过80%的孩子能上小学，但是仍然有1.15亿的孩子没有接受教育； More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. 在发展中国家还有超过一百万的人喝不到安全健康的饮用水， However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe,water is now mostly safe to drink. 但是在世界的其他地区，如东欧，水已经基本上可以安全饮用了。 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 报告显示我们正在进步，但是我们必须作出更大的努力。 Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 虽然发达国家提供了一些经济救援，但是提供救援的数量应该大大增加。 Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 有趣的是，给予最多经济资助的国家分别是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。 These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they s

hould do so. 这几个国家都是世界上最富裕的五个国家中的，所以它们应该这么做的。　　　　MODULE 3 　　The Violence of Nature自然的暴行 　　Read about the Gulf Stream and check the meaning of the words.阅读关于墨西哥湾流的文章，查找下列单词的意思。 　　current 水流 　　flow流动 　　latitude 纬度 　　　　The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current which starts in the Gulf of Mexico and flows northeast across the Atlantic. It also travels past the east coast of the United States towards eastern Canada. It is one of the strongest currents anywhere in the world. Because of the Gulf Stream, The United Kingdom and other places in Europe are much warmer than parts of Canada on the same latitude.墨西哥湾流是发源于墨西哥湾，穿过大西洋向东北流动的温暖洋流。它还沿着美国东海岸向加拿大东部流动。它是世界上最强大的一股水流。因为有墨西哥湾流，英国和欧洲其他地方比处于同纬度的加拿大很多地区更暖和。 What is a current?水流是什么？ A kind of electricity.一种电 A movement of water.水的一种运动 A kind of wind.一种风 What kind of things flow?什么东西会流动？ Water.水Time.时间Money.钱 Read the passages on page 23 and answer these questions.阅读第23页的文章，回答下列问题。 How strong are tornado winds?龙卷风有多强烈？ What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?当一座房子被龙卷风摧毁了，家具会发生什么？ How many tornadoes are there in the US every year? 美国每年会有多少次龙卷风？ How many people died in the worst tornado of all time? 最严重的一次龙卷风中死了多少人？ What happens at sea during a hurricane? 刮飓风的时候，海上会发生什么？ When was the worst hurricane of all time? 最严重的一次飓风发生在什么时候？ Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it? 演员查尔斯?科格伦在飓风中被夺取生命了吗？ What happened to him after the hurricane? 飓风之后，他发生了什么？ What Is a Tornado?龙卷风是什么？ A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. 龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。 The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. 最强的龙卷风风速超过400千米每小时 Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.，几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的达科他。 Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--or even in the next town. 龙卷风可以卷起汽车、火车甚至是房子并把它们卷到旁边的街道--甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。 They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. 它们可以将猫背上

的皮毛和鸡身上的羽毛拔下来， They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. 它们可以摧毁房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。 On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 美国平均每年会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。 The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri,Illinois and Indiana. 最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。 By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. 等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。 What Is a Hurricane?飓风是什么？ Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. 飓风是强烈的热带风暴，它们通常发生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。 There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. 猛烈的飓风以120千米每小时甚至更快的速度移动，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。 There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine. 平均每年会发生6次大西洋飓风，通常会影响美国东部海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州。 The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. 最严重的飓风灾害是1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿， Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. 飓风以200千米每小时的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市袭来， The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings. 那次灾害夺去了37000人口中的6000条人命，摧毁了3600栋建筑物。 An Extraordinary Event非比寻常的事件 This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.这是一个关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。 Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. 查尔斯?科格伦是19世纪一位居住在加拿大的爱尔兰演员， He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. 那时，他搬到纽约并在那里出了名，19世纪90年代后期，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风来袭的前一年去世。 The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea. 埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁了，科格伦的棺材最后被卷入了大海。 Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. 八年之后，科格伦的棺材在加拿大东

a tornado is a rotated篇九：What Is a Tornado

What Is a Tornado?

A tornado is a_______________ _____________ of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most v_______________ have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them o____________ in the US, in the area from Texas__________ the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

Tornadoes can ____________ __________ cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the___________ street—or even in the next town. They can take the fur ____________the back of a cat and the _______________(羽毛) off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but_____________ the furniture inside exactly _______________it was. ___________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, ____________ about 80 ____________(死亡人数) and 1,500 i_______________. The ___________(最严重的) tornado ___________ all time occurred in 1925, ________________（affect） three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. ______________ the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been i__________________.

What Is a Hurricane?

Hurricanes are strong ____________(亚热带)storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause ____________ ____________（巨浪）______________ rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.

The worst hurricane disaster of____________ l time occurred _________the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre

3.25 芮中文印室 X high waves __________ the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a__________ of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings. An Extraordinary Event This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, __________ he became famous. By the l_________-1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane s______________. The c_____________ where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended _____________in the sea. Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had c__________it 3,000 kilometres ___________ the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas! Earthquakes Around the Pacific About 400 earthquakes o ____________ worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year. China is s_______________ in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The most serious of these occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province in 1556. The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It___________ an area of 800 square kilometres. In some communities, 60 1

percent of the population were killed.________ ________ 830,000 people ____________heir lives.

The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It __________ ___________ at 5:15 a.m., and lasted for only a minute. However, it caused the worst natural _____________(灾害)in the nation's history.

Fires______________ by the California Earthquake ____________ __________ ___________ _____________(危害最大). The fires burned for three days, _____________(destroy) a total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were___________ homeless. In the____________ of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths.

The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, movements __________ the San Andreas Fault continue to cause problems for the whole of California.

3.25 芮中文印室 X 2

a tornado is a rotated篇十：高一下册必修3精读课文与翻译

MODULE 1 Great European Cities

PARIS

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France's artists and writers live in Paris.

BARCELONA

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrade Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.The church hasn't been finished yet!

FLORENCE

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches, and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. ATHENS

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.

巴黎是法国最大的城市和首都，坐落于塞纳河。这是世界上最美丽的城市之一并且每年有超过八百万的旅游者到这里旅游。最著名的景点就是埃弗尔铁塔，也是法国著名的标志。最著名的艺术长廊就是罗浮宫，也坐落于法国。这座城市同样因它的餐厅，咖啡，剧院而出名。 大约三分之二的法国艺术家和作家都定居法国。

巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大的城市，坐落于海岸的东北方，距离西班牙的东部首都马德里还有大约500公里。巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是圣家大教堂，它是由建筑师安东尼奥 高迪设计的。高迪从1882年开始着手于这项工程，直到1926年他去世的那一年，这个教堂还没有完工。

佛罗伦萨是意大利所属的城市。它的久负盛名，是由于14世纪开始并持续三百年之久的文艺复兴。在文艺复兴期间，一些最伟大的画家一直在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。大部分出色的油画和雕刻都是出自达芬奇和米开朗基罗这一类的伟大艺术家之手。每年到佛罗伦萨来参观那些艺术画廊、教堂和博物馆的游客高达百万人。乌菲齐宫殿是该城市中最著名的艺术画廊。 雅典，作为希腊的首都，是因西方文明的发源地而出名。2400年前，它是世界上实力最雄厚的城市。雅典卫城上的帕台农神庙这一类的建筑都是在这个阶段修建的。希腊最著名的作家们都曾经在古希腊居住过。从那时起他们的作品一直对其他作家有着影响深远。

MODULE 2 The Human Development Report In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.

One of the most important sections of this report is The Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The index measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.

The report describes eight development goals. The most important goals are to:

1）reduce poverty and hunger; 2）make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;

3）fight AIDS and other diseases;

4）improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;

5）encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.

The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953–1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.

The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.

人类发展报告 在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人一致同意共同努力到2015年或在更早的时间减少贫困。由此产生了人类发展报告。 这份报告一个最重要的部分是人类发展指标。它审阅了175个国家的发展成就。指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛（2），瑞典（3）澳大利亚（4）荷兰（5）。英国位居第十三位，而中国处于中等地位。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。 报告描述了八个发展目标。其中最重要的是： 减少贫穷和饥饿； 确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育； 对抗艾滋病和其他疾病； 改善穷苦人民的环境，例如，确保他们有安全饮用水； 鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。 2003年人类发展报告列举了一些成功发展的例子。譬如，在九年（1953-1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命增加了13岁。过去的十年之内，中国有1.5亿人脱贫。然而，挑战仍很严峻。在发展中国家，每天有7.99亿人在挨饿。其中一半以上的人来自南亚或非洲。虽然发展中国家80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍有1.15亿的孩子得不到教育。发展中国家里十多亿的人喝不上安全的饮用水。当然在世界的其它地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。 报告显示我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是提供援助的数量应该大大增加。有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。它们都属于世界上五个最富的国家，所以他们这样做是合情合理的。

MODULE 3 What Is a Tornado? A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.

Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

What Is a Hurricane? Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.

An Extraordinary Event This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea. Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island. Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas!

什么是龙卷风？龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。最强烈的风速可达每小时400多公里。他们几乎都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。龙卷风能卷起汽车，火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。它们能吹掉猫背后的毛和鸡身上的羽毛。他们能毁掉房子，却把房间类的家具留在原处平均来说，美国每年发生大约800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的3个州，密苏里州。伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已经有700多人死亡，2700人受伤。

什么是飓风？飓风是强烈的热带风暴，它们通常发生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。猛烈的飓风以120千米每小时甚至更快的速度移动，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。平均每年会发生6次大西洋飓风，通常会影响美国东部海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州。最严重的飓风灾害是1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿，飓风以200千米每小时的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市袭来，那次灾害夺去了37000人口中的6000条人命，摧毁了3600栋建筑物。

一个离奇的事件 这是一个关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯?科格伦是19世纪一位居住在加拿大的爱尔兰演员，那时，他搬到纽约并在那里出了名，19世纪90年代后期，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风来袭的前一年去世。埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁了，科格伦的棺材最后被卷入了大海。八年之后，科格伦的棺材在加拿大东部的爱德华王子岛省被一位渔夫在离他家不远的海里发现了。墨西哥湾流载着它漂了3000千米沿着美国东海岸漂到了爱德华王子岛省。被葬在得克萨斯州后，科格伦又漂回了加拿大。

MODULE 4 Sandstorms in Asia

Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.

Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.

The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.―To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,‖ he said. ―There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.‖

Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of ―desertification‖. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.‖

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.

亚洲沙尘暴 几个世纪以来，沙尘暴已经成为很多亚洲国家的严重灾害。科学家已经想了很多办法来解决这个问题，在中国，已经开展了一场帮助解决沙尘暴问题的大型战争。 沙尘暴是带有沙石和尘土的强大而干燥的风。沙尘暴通常很浓密以至于人们都看不见太阳，有时候，风的强度大到可以掀动沙丘。世界上四个主要的有沙尘暴的地方是：亚洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历过的一次严重的沙尘暴，“被困在沙尘暴中是一种很可怕的经历，”他说，“什么也干不了, 那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况，你只能希望自己能够幸存，我原以为我会消失在沙石底下。” 中国西北是亚洲中央沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴开始于沙漠地带，近年来因为“沙漠化”，中国发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。这是发生在由于气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、开垦草地等使得陆地变成沙漠时的过程。 有时候沙尘暴会影响北京，市民醒来时，发现昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。暴风有时持续一整天，因为浓密的尘土降低了能见度，所以车辆等开得很慢。 中国中央气象台在沙尘暴到达北京前的几个星期就能预见到，但是风暴的威力有时是惊人的。当沙尘暴到达一个城市时，专家会建议人们不要出门。居住在北京的黄小梅说；“在沙尘暴中骑车是很可怕的，风力非常强，很难呼吸，而且尘土会让我得病，所以如果你想出门，最好带上面罩。” 沙漠位于北京西边距离北京仅仅250千米，为了防止沙漠进一步向北京延伸，政府正在植树。目前政府已经种了超过三十亿棵树，而且计划在接下来的五年中继续植树。

MODULE 5 Philosophers of Ancient China

Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius(551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.

Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.

中国古代的哲学家

古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551-公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受孔子学说的影响已长达两千多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。 孟子生于公元前372年，自小就丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，并在一个国家政府谋得很重要的职位。但是当他发现统治者并不听从他的建议时，他辞职了。好几年的时间，他周游列国，宣扬儒家学说。然后他又成为了另一个统治者的顾问。他晚年一直在准备记载他自己学说的书《孟子》。孟子认为人区别于动物的本质就是人是性善的。他主张“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民为重，君为轻”，反对暴政。墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。 墨子于公元前476年出生于一个贫苦家庭。他因为不同寻常的服装和行为举止而出名。墨子创立了墨家学派，他的理论在某些方面和孔子的理论相似。例如，他认为统治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力寻找一个人们愿意听从他的理论的国家。墨子认为人人都是平等的，他主张的“兼爱”与孔子的“仁爱”不同。墨子认为我们必须爱护所有的人，照顾比我们弱小的人。墨子反对统治者发动的侵略战争。墨子逝世于公元前390年。

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