生活长句

导读：　生活长句篇一《长句分析完整》 ...

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生活长句篇一
《长句分析完整》

生活长句篇二
《长句短句转换》

生活长句篇三
《长句分析》

1. As has been proved by a large number of examples, the advertisements‟ destructive effect upon English study has been evident, making students accustomed to dreaming of achieving success without making efforts.

详解：As has been +过去分词，正如已经被……；a number of +可数名词复数：

很多；the advertisements‟ destructive effect upon English study has been evident是该句的主句，making为现在分词，做状语, making及其引导的部分进一步说明广告的破坏性作用;在“making students accustomed to dreaming of achieving success without making efforts”中，“make students accustomed”的结构为“make+sb./sth./ +形容词”，而“be accustomed to”又是一个短语，意为“习惯于”，这个短语里的“to”一般用作介词，所以后面要跟动名词（动词ing形式），“dream of”为“梦想……”，“achieve success”获得成功，“without making efforts”:不加努力；“make efforts”为一个短语，意为“努力”。

翻译：正如已经被很多事实所证明的那样，那些广告对于英语学习有破坏性的

作用，让学生习惯于梦想不付出努力就获得成功。

2. It has been widely accepted that when talking about someone‟s personality, we mean the way he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels, which makes that individual different from others.

详解：“It has been +过去分词+that从句”为一个固定的句子结构，意为：……

已经被......”；“It”只是个形式主语，真正的主语是“that”后面跟的句子，所以这个句子其实是一个主语从句（一个完整的句子作主语）。所以在这个句子中，“that”后面所跟的句子是一个完整的句子：“When talking about someone‟s personality, we mean the way he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels, which makes that individual different from others.”在这个句子中，“When talking about someone‟s personality”是由“when”引导的现在分词“talking …”作状语，而它的主句是“we mean the way he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels, which makes that individual different form others。这个主句本身又包含了两个从句：①“the way he or she acts…feels”里面的定语从句：“he or she acts”修饰“the way” ( the way +句子是一个固定的举行，表示“做……的方法”);②“which makes the individual different from others”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the way…”,起进一步说明的作用。

翻译：当我们说起一个人的特点的时候，我们指使一个个人不同于其他人的行为、

说话、思维和感受方式，这一点已经被广泛接受。

3. He argues that helpful as rewards may be to a large extent, it is no use depending on them completely, because a teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students.

详解：这句话整体上说是一个宾语从句:“He argues”部分分别为主谓，“that”

开始引导的部分为宾语从句；这个宾语从句本身又是一个复合句，“helpful as rewards may be to a large extent”为状语从句，并且是由形容词+as的倒装形式引导，“to a large extent”为“在很大程度上”；“it is no use depending on them completely”为主句，它包含一个固定的句子结构“It is no use

doing…”“做……什么事情是没有用的”，“because a teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students”为原因状语从句，这个个状语从句的主句为“a teacher ends up with uninspired students”,它的主语“teacher”由两个定语从句修饰：“who…rewards”和“who…achievement”。

翻译：他认为，尽管奖励在很大程度上有一定作用，一味依靠奖励却毫无作用，

因为一个老是着眼于奖励或者哪怕学生表现平平也给予奖励的老师最后只能教出毫无动力的学生。

4. Hardly can there be a man whose face hasn‟t at some time in his life broadened into a smile at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

详解：这个句子整体是一个由“hardly”开始的倒装结构，它的主句是：“Hardly

can there be a man”。从“whose”开始到结束是一个定语从句，“whose”是有关所有格的修饰，这里表示“这个人的……”；在由“whose”引导的定语从句的主句是“whose face hasn‟t broadened into a smile（脸上没有绽放笑容）”，“at some time in his life”为修饰这一部分的时间状语；这个主句后面的部分“at the sight of a women …”做状语，在这个状语中，“shaking n a thin dress”以及“picking her way through…”为并列现在分词，都做“women”的定语。

翻译：在一生中某个时刻看到一位女士穿着薄薄的衣衫在严寒的日子里冻得发

抖，或穿着高跟鞋在雪地里步履艰难的择路而行，几乎没有一位男士不发笑的。

5. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil‟s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay containing some beautiful expressions of the child‟s deep feelings.

详解：这个句子是一个由“but”连接的并列句，这个句子的语法关键在“on

the teacher who …直到“deep feelings”，在这个部分，“who…”是修饰“teacher”的定语从句，而这个定语从句又包含着一个现在分词短语作后置定语的部分“containing some beautiful …”修饰“essay”。

翻译：这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉批评，但同时也是对那个未曾

仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做法的批评，因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。

6. To a freshman not satisfied with certain aspects of college life, complaining is advocated as a most effective means when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the student can demonstrate what is wrong in question.

详解：该句的主句为“complaining is advocated as…..”，这个主句本身是一个

复合句，由主句“complaining is advocated as a …means(人们提倡把投诉作为一个有效手段”和两个由“and“连接的并列的时间状语从句“when it is done politely but firmly”和“especially when the students…question”组成；除此之外，在“To a freshman not satisfied with

certain aspects of college life”这个状语成分中，“not satisfied with...”是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰“freshman”。

翻译：对于一个对于大学生活的种种方面有所不满的新生，人们提倡把投诉作

为一个最有效的方法，当投诉的时候能够彬彬有礼但是态度坚定，尤其是当这个学生能够以提问的方式证明学校的不当之处。

7. If a teacher had given priorities to children‟s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given his pupils more motivation to seek improvement.

详解：这是一个表示过去情况的虚拟语气，从句用了过去完成时态，主句用了

过去将来完成时态。在从句中，“give priority to…”是一个固定短语，表示“对……优先关注“；主句中的“presentation”意为“表述”，也就是“拼写和书写“。

翻译：如果他首先关注学生的观点，然后对作文的拼写和书写表示失望，就

可能给学生更大鼓励，使其不断提高。

8. Even those honorable and industrious scientists cannot help complaining that any attempt to trace the development from the noises infants make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.

详解：该句的关键句型是cannot help doing(情不自禁地做……)。在这个句子中，

“complaining that…”后面所跟为宾语从句，指抱怨的内容。这个宾语从句的主干句是“any attempt leads to considerable difficulties.(任何一个尝试都会导致多重困难)）。“to trace the development from ...their first spoken words”整个部分为不定式作定语，修饰“attempt”。这个长长的定语中包含一个短语“from…to…(从……到……)---from the noises infants make to their first spoken words”，这个结构里又包含了一个定语从句“the infants make(修饰noises)”和单个过去分词作前置定语（表示被动意义）---“spoken words”(被说出来的话)。

翻译：甚至于那些颇有名望、勤勤恳恳的科学家也忍不住抱怨说，试图探索

婴儿从发声到开始说话的过程是十分困难的。

9. According to the survey made by the researchers studying various aspects of an infant‟s life, rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

详解：这个句子的主句为“rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging

dependence on approval and gifts from others.”其中，“by…”的意思是“通过某种方式”；在“According to the survey made by the researchers studying various aspects of an infant‟s life”的状语部分中包含了一个表示被动意义的过去分词短语作后置定语（the survey made by…---由……进行的调查和表示主动意义的现在分词短语后置定语（the researchers studying …---主动研究……的研究人员）。

翻译：根据专门研究婴儿生活方方面面的研究人员所作的调查，奖励增强对别人

给予的肯定和礼物的依赖心理，常常会破环创造性。

10. Hearing her greeting the newly born pet puppy as “my baby”, I stood beside her, wordless, stunned but full of love, deeply moved by her affection to the small animal.

详解：这个句子的主干句“I stood beside her, wordless, stunned but full of love,

deeply moved by her affection to the small animal”包含了一个非常重要的句子结构：完整的句子，形容词；这个形容词修饰的是句子的主语，表示主语当时的状态。这个主句里面的“wordless, stunned ,moved”就是形容当时“I”的感受。“Hearing her greeting…baby”为现在分词作状语，其中的结构为“hear sb.doing sth.（听见某人正在做……）.

翻译：听见她叫那条才出生的小狗“我的宝宝“，我站在她旁边，很无语，震

惊，但是心中也充满了爱，被她对小动物的慈爱深深感动。

11. It is now generally agreed that children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence, catching more opportunities leading to success.

详解：这句话的重要结构是“It is generally agreed that +从句（被广泛认可的

是…）；“that”后面的从句的主干句是“children are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence (孩子们表现得更有自信)；“catching more opportunity leading to success”整个部分是现在分词“catching”引导的伴随状语，而“leading to success”则是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“opportunity”。至于“children with parents whose …rational”这个部分，“with…rational”整个部分是介词短语作后置定语，而这个后置定语中又包含一个由“whose”引导的修饰“parents”的定语从句（whose guidance is firm, consistent and rational）。

翻译：目前基本取得公认的是，父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩

子就有可能充满自信。

12. With generating gap arising, parents and teenage children come to hate fitting in with each other, parents comparing children to “little devils”, teenage children comparing parents to “antiques”, both refusing to compliment mutually.

详解：该句的第一个重要结构是“with+sb./sth./doing（随着……的主动发生），主句是“parents and teenage children come to hate fitting in with each other”(父母和亲少年孩子开始抵触互相沟通，“parents comparing children to “little devils”, teenage children comparing parents “antiques”, both refusing to compliment mutually”这三个部分都为独立主格结构（主语+现在分词）。 翻译：随着代沟的出现，父母和青少年孩子开始抵触互相沟通，父母把孩子比

作“小魔鬼”，孩子把父母比作“古董”，双方都拒绝互相说几句中听的话。

13. Effective rewards, at least in the early stages, have to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger, thus successfully motivating an infant to do as he has been expected to.

详解：该句话的重点结构在“thus doing…(这样才可以做到……)；并且，be expected to do也是一个重要结构，意思是“被指望做……）。

翻译：“产生预期效果的奖赏”都与人的基本生理需要，如口渴，饥饿等直接

相关，至少在婴儿时期如此，这样才能成功地刺激婴儿按照大人的指令去做。

14. The extrovert psychologist interested in teaching once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher like a burning candle than as the expert in pursuit of medical breakthroughs.

详解：这句话的主干句为：“the psychologist told his family that…“；在这个主干剧中，“interested in teaching”为形容词短语作后置定语修饰“psychologist”；该句的“…told his family that…”后面所跟的宾语从句中的主要结构为“would rather do A than do B(宁愿做A而不愿做B---本句的意思为：宁愿作为一个教师而不是一个专家被人们记住)；这个部分还有两个重点：一是“a teacher like a burning candle(like在这里作介词，意为“像…”;二是“an expert in pursuit of …---介词短语作后置定语修饰“an expert”。

翻译：这个外向的，对教学感兴趣的心理学家曾告诉他的家人，他宁愿作为一

个像蜡烛似的燃烧的教师被人们记住，而不愿意作为一个追求医学领域突破的专家被人们记住。

15. To sum up, when in sorrow, the female and the male respond individually, the former preferring to express the sorrow through tears while the latter preferring to express the sorrow through songs.

详解：该句的重要结构在“the former preferring to express the sorrow through

tears while the latter preferring to express the sorrow through songs”，这个部分包含的是独立主格结构（各自的名词带上表示主动意义的现在分词）；另外，“the former…the latter…”（前者……后者……也是一个重要结构）。

翻译：总结起来，当处于悲痛中是，女性和男性的反应各不相同，女性偏好于

哭泣而男性偏好于歌唱。（男愁唱，女愁哭）。

16. Many pets are like human children; under such circumstances, they are likely to like everything that human children possess, such as clothing and toys, thus constructing a parent-child relationship with their human masters.

详解：该句由一个分号连接起来的两个并列分句组成。第一个分句中，“be

like”中的“like”作介词，意为“像“。第二个分句中，“be likely to do”为一个固定句型，意为“有可能做……”，“…that human children possess”为定语从句，修饰“everything”；最后一个重要结构是前面提到过的“thus doing…”。

翻译：很多宠物跟人类的孩子似的，在这种情况下，它们可能会喜欢人类的孩

子拥有的一切，比如服装、玩具之类，以此和它们的人类主人建立起一种类似于父母子女的关系。

17. Knowing that the light of the lighting flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile makes children begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash.

生活长句篇四
《长句短句的变换》

生活长句篇五
《长句变短句,短句变长句》

生活长句篇六
《长句和复杂句的翻译》

长句和复杂句的翻译

科技英语为了表示严谨、精确的含义，长句使用较多。长句主要是由基本句型扩展而成，其方式有增加修饰成分如定语、状语，用各种短语如介词、分词、动名词或不定式短语充当句子成分，也可能是通过关联词将两个或两个以上的句子组合在并列复合句或主从复合句。英译汉时，往往要先分析句子结构、形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义。如前所述，在遇到长句时，宜通过形态识别，突显主、谓、宾、表等主干成分，了解其“骨架涵义”及次要成分的涵义，理解这些成分之间的逻辑关系和修饰关系，然后通过适当的方法翻译出来。

英语利用形态变化、词序和虚词三大语法手段可构成包孕许多修饰成分或从句的长句或复合句，句中各部分顺序灵活多样。通常英语句中的表态部分如判断和结论在先，而叙事部分如事实和描写在后，汉语则正好相反；英语句中先短后长，“头轻脚重”，而汉语也正好相反；英语借肋形态变化和连接手段而将句中成份灵活排列，汉语则常按时间和逻辑顺序由先到后、由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论这样排列。此外，汉语少用长句，多用短句、分句、流水句按一定的时间或逻辑顺序，分层叙述，这就需要对英语长句通过分解、拆散和重组等变通手段进行灵活处理。因此，长句翻译时根据叙述层次和顺序，分为顺序法、逆序法、拆分法和重组法四种。

一、顺序法

如果长句中定语和状语较少，或者有但其总体叙述层次与汉语相近，则可按顺序法翻译。

To produce this recombinant molecule, the vector, as well as the DNA to be

cloned, must be cut at specific points and then joined together in a controlled manner.

为了产生这种重组分子，载体和要克隆的DNA必须在特异位点切开，并以可控制的方式连接起来。

This simple fact show that the more of the force of friction is got rid of, the

farther will the ball travel, and we are led to infer that, if all the impeding forces of gravitation and resistance could be removed, there is no reason why the ball, once in motion, should ever stop.

这个简单事实表明，摩擦力去除得越多，球会滚得越远；由此我们可以推定，如果一切起阻碍作用的引力和阻力去除的话，就没有理由认为处于运动中的球还会停下来。

二、逆序法

如果英语长复合句叙述层次与汉语正好相反，就需要将英语长复合句包孕、切断后，按汉语句子的展开顺序进行调整。通常调整后的顺序是原句的全部或局部倒置。

So it was that the farm poor were caught in their own past, the double victims of technology: exile from their home by advances in agricultural machinery; unfitted for life in city because of the consequences of industrial mechanization.

农民由于农业机械的发展而被赶出自己的家园，又由于工业机械化的结果又使他们不适合在城市生活，农民就这样成了技术发展的双重牺牲品，陷入旧日的困境中。

I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.

我强烈地认为，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我们人民利益的。

The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its

basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.

如果一个民族不能自由的决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，几乎是无可置辩的了。

三、拆分法

由于英汉两种语言的表达差异，在英语长句翻译成汉语时，要尽可能“化整为零”。按在原句的关系代词和关系副词引导的从句处、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处，切断分成几个意义片段，分别译成汉语分句。

Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.

物质由分子组成，而分子则是由原子组成。

A substantial minority of each party in strong opposition to the other party is

sometimes the key factor in the party’s policy making.

每一政党中坚持反对另一政党的有实力的少数派，往往成为这一政党在决策时的关键因素。

The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.

声明宣称，国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家和发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。

有时，由于长句中的某些成分如单词、词组或句子的存在，翻译时句子整体难以按照顺序法翻译，这时可考虑将这些成分析出，置于句首或句尾。如：

The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is

incredible-about one in four.

大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力。这简直令人难以置信！

The very important oil industry, which has done much to rejuvenate the economy of the South since the end of World War II, made considerable headway especially in the five states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas.

第二次世界大战后石油工业对振兴南部经济起了很大的作用。这个十分重要的工业部门物别是在阿肯色、路易斯安那、密西西比、俄克拉荷马和得克萨斯五个州取得了很大的进展。

四、重排法

由于英汉思维习惯和表达方式的差异，对于结构复杂的长句，需要在语法和语义结构理解的基础上，对深层结构进行切分，翻译时通过改变语序、重组结构，按照逻辑或时间顺序译出。重排法是长句翻译的一种常用手段。

Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small

quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.

制造过程可以分为单件生产和批量生产。单件生产就是生产少量的零件；批量生产就是生产大量相同的零件。

There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference,

between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who weighs out his goods in common scales and the operations of a chemist who performs a

difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. 科学家的思维活动和普通人的思维活动之间存在着差别，这种差别就跟一个面包师或一个卖肉者和一个化验师操作方法上的差别一样。前者用普通的秤东西的量，而后者则用天平和精密砝码进行艰难复杂的分析。其差别不过如此而已。

Category Ⅱ contains only four items, and I shall say no more about them except that, since they are under consideration, we should not let the grass grow under feet, but attempt, as early as possible, to arrive at a common understanding in the interest of humanity.

这个并列复句，包括多个修饰语和从句，表达五层的意思。汉语要表达同样的意思，必须按照逻辑顺序要重新安排，拆成七个部分，组成三个句子，顺序为1—3—5—4—2。

第二类只包括四项，而且都已在审议之中。为了人类的利益，我们应该不失时机，力图尽快求得共识。除此之外，别的我就不多说了。

问题

一、翻译下述长句

1. These years of activity and discovery were followed by a lull, a period of

anticlimax when it seemed to some molecular biologists (as the new generation of geneticists styled themselves) that there was little of fundamental importance that was not understood.

2. A whole new methodology was developed, enabling previously impossible

experiments to be planned and carried out, if not with ease, then at least with

success.

3. The exact nature of the procedure used depends on the size of the DNA

molecule involved, with the techniques applicable for small molecules, such as normal and recombinant versions of plasmids and phage chromosomes, being different from those used for gene location on the large DNA molecules

contained in eukaryotic chromosomes.

4. As the correct solution of any problem depends primarily on a true

understanding of what the problem really is and wherein lies its difficulty, we

may profitably pause upon the threshold of our subject to consider first, in a more general way, its real nature; the causes which impede sound practice; the

conditions on which success or failure depends; the direction in which error is most to be feared.

5. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and

science is again approaching the ‘unity’ that it had two centuries ago-although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.

生活长句篇七
《长句的翻译》

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