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代替的句子

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导读: 代替的句子篇一《句子的种类》 简单句 ...

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代替的句子篇一
《句子的种类》

简单句种类

1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。

2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。

3、陈述句:用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。

▲陈述句的肯定式: He is a middle school student.(他是个中学生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把锤子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我们地理)

▲陈述句的否定式:

1)谓语动词如果是 be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如:2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如: I anything about it.(此事我一无所知)(李明不在农村养猪)

3) have 的否定形式:1)当表示“有”的意思时,可以采用以下三种形式:have+not;do not+ have; have+ no+ n. 如:I have not enough food to eat.= I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat.

2)当have为助动词时,用“have+ not‖结构。如:I have not been toShanghai。

3)当have既不表示“有”,也不作助动词用时,用“do not+ have”结构。I didn’t have breakfast this morning. 具体到反义疑问句中,则遵循以下原则:

a.当have表示“有”含义时,反意疑部问部分可以用have形式,也可以用do形式。例如:

He has a book in his hand, hasn't he? He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?

b.当陈述部分的动词是have―有”的否定形式时,反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如: You haven't a car, have you? You don't have any money with you, do you? c.当have不表示“有”含义而表示其他含义时,反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如:

We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we? He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he?

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;of them went there.→.(他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里)

②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如:Few people live there because life there is very hard.(几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了)

③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如:That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)

④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序, 即:主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装。

⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如:The old man told me (老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗?)

4、疑问句:

▲一般疑问句:提问所述情况是否符合事实,要求用是还是不是,对还是错(用“yes”或“no”)来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。

1)一般疑问句构成:句中谓语动词是be、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。(即把主语和be,情态动词调换位置),即“be/情态动词+主语+----”如:Is he an engineer?(他是工程师吗?)Can you explain it ?(你能解释它吗?)

谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时, 则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形,即“do+主语+动词原形”。如:Do you get up at six every morning?(你天天早晨六点起身吗?)/ Does (她学习努力吗?)(昨天你去那儿了吗?)

2)一般疑问句的回答:

一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如:

Will you join us in playing basketball?(你加入我们打篮球好吗?)—是的我们会。)/ —(不我们不会。)

回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。

[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。

3)一般疑问句的否定结构:be/助动词/情态动词+not+主语+---- 或:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+not+----如: (他难道不来吗?)/ your sister a Party member?=Is your sister not a Party member?(你的姐姐不是党员吗?)/

否定疑问句并不单纯的表示提问,它常带有强烈的感情色彩,而且完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈: ①常带有惊异,责难或赞叹的语气,如:Haven’t you read the newspaper? 你没看过这份报纸?②有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:Shouldn’t we start now? 我们是不是该动身了? Wasn’t it an interesting film? 那部电影不是很有趣吗? ③有时表示邀请或建议,如:Wouldn’t you go with me? 你不和我一起去吗?Won’t you have a cup of coffee? 你不喝杯咖啡吗?

注意:这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”;如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如:

Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗?)

(不,他能回答这个问题。) (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)(不管怎么问,如果事实上是“是的”,则用yes,如果事实上“不是,不能做某件事的”,则说“no”。

▲特殊疑问句:询问其语句中所缺失的部分,或者说,是要求得到暂时不知道的信息:什么,哪里,怎么样,多少,等等。

特殊疑问句是提问实质内容的(要求得到有实质内容回答的,而不简单的回答是否)。特殊疑问词,就是用来代替句子中缺失的东西——你要询问的东西的。

What + is it? Who + is your teacher?

从这里也看到了,不管从语法角度,还是实际理解角度,如果单是后面的一般疑问句,它是不完整的。

1)特殊疑问句结构

但是,―who‖如:Who is dancing over there?(谁在那边跳舞?),Who dances best in your class? 班级里谁跳舞最好?

有时―what‖,―which‖,―whose‖也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如:What is on the wall?(什么东西在墙上?/墙上有什么?)/ Which is yours?(哪个是你的?)/ Whose book is in your bag?(谁的书在你的书包里?)(谓语动词是be时)

2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词:

疑问代词: who, whom, whose, which, what, 疑问副词: when, where, why, how,

how构成的短语:how many (多少个) (独立用;或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用;或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。

3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如:Why (常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢?)

4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如:(你是何时何地出生的?)

5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语, 则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。(你干嘛要一台电脑呢?)

▲反意疑问句: 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。

1) 构成:陈述句+附加问句。由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分, 必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会

如:

2) 反意问句的回答:

无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”

如:The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗?) Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。) The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗?)Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t.(他不去。)

特殊句型:

1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won’t you构成反义疑问句,用will you多表示“请求”,用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。例如:

let引导的祈使句有两种情况:①let’s---,后的反义疑问句用shall we或shan’t we。如:Let’s go home, shan’t we? 回家吧,好吗?②let us/me--- 后的反义疑问句用will you或won’t you。如:let me have a try, won’t you? 其他祈使句都用will you或won’t you回答。

2.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。

①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)

②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)

③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)

3.反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,not,no,nobody,nothing, none, neither,too…to等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:

①She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn’t she?)

②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)

4.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时,问句部分习惯上用aren’t I?表示。如:I am a very honest man, aren’t I?

5.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)第一人称 think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如:①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?

②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)

6.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)

②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)

7.反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:

①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)

②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)

8.反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)

②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)

9.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。如: ①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?

②Nothing has happened to them, has it?

10.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone),no, none, neither时,问句部分的主语用he或 they(通常用they),这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如:①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?

②Everyone has done his best in the game, haven’t they?

11.陈述部分为Let me……时,问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如:Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)

12.陈述部分为Let us……时,问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如:Let us stop to rest, will you?

13.陈述部分为Let’s……时,问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如:Let’s go home together, shall we?

14.陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求,用won’t you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请(即两种情况都可出现,不必遵循前否后肯或前肯后否的原则)。如:

①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?

③Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)

15.陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式。如:Don’t make any noise, will you?

16.陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时,问句部分用be+there(here)?形式。如:

①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ○2Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?

17.陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时,问句部分用hadn’t +主语?形式。

①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?

18.陈述部分用used to +主语时,问句部分用didn’t + 主语?或usedn’t +主语?形式。

①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?

②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?

19.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。如:

①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he? (不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?) ②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)

20.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如:

①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?)

②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)

21.陈述部分的主语为从句时,问句部分的主语一般用it代替,如:

①What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?)

②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?)

22.陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用it代替。如:

①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?

23.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one,反义疑问句的主语可以用one,也可以用you。如:One should be ready to help others, shouldn’t one?

▲选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。

1) 构成:(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项?(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项?

2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如:

Is your friend a boy or a girl? –(----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩?----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –(---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶?----请来茶吧。)

5、祈使句:祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。

▲祈使句的肯定式: 动词(原形) + 其他 如:Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴!)

▲祈使句的否定式: Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如: talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / look back! (不要掉头看。)

[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如:Let’s . (我们不要打扰他。)

肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来加强语气。如:Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)

6、感叹句:感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“!”

▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是:

What +a /an+ 形容词+单数可数名词+ 主谓语!用来强调句子中的名词,(她是多么善良的好女孩!) /或 What+形容词+不可数名词/可数复数+主谓语! (天气真糟糕!)

▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是:How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓语,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心!) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃!) / How beautiful! (真美呀!)

▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上!) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击!) / Good goal! (好球!)

按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:

主谓句型:S-Vi。

主系表句型:S-Vlink-P

主谓宾句型:S-Vt.-O

主谓双宾句型:S-Vt-O间宾-O直宾

主谓宾补句型:S-Vt-O-C

代替的句子篇二
《one做替代词用法》

中英语第二册Unit12的L45和L47两课中,分别有这样两句:

(1)...check the prices before you decide whether to buy one.在你决定是否买一个(漂亮的)容器之前,要去了解一下价格.

(2)It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake.抓住一只在睡觉的狮子比抓住一只不在睡觉的狮子更容易.

这两句中的one在句中作代词,都表示泛指中的强调.第一句中的one替代a tank.第二句中的one替代a lion.再请看2002年高考英语试题第35题:

Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______I will always treasure.

A.that B.one C.it D.what

析:本题主要测试了替代词one在句中的用法.本句意为"这么多年以后,再次见到我的叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻,一个我将永远铭记在心的时 刻."由此可知,选择部分替代的是前面的一个名词moment(时刻).分析句子结构,如将本句视为非限制性定语从句,必须选用关系代词which,不可 用that;如视为并列分句,句中必须有并列连词and连接.故首先排除选项A、

C.而选项D意义不成立.故答案应选B.

在英语句式中,为了避免重复,使得语言简练,我们常常使用一些代词,如one, it, that等来替代前面所提到的人或事物.它是近几年高考的测试重点之一.下面将这些代词的用法分析如下:

一、one作代词的用法

1.one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个,即泛指中的强调.这时,替代词one前面不可加任何限定词.例如:

1)I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.(NMET'95)

2)A color TV set made in Japan costs more than one made in China.

3)-Who can lend me a Chinese-English dictionary?

-I have one.

2.one用来替代特指的同一类人或事物的可数名词时,其前面必须加上限定词(如a,the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰.例如:

1)If you don't like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.

2)I don't want the book on the shelf, I want this one on the desk.

3)Your old bike is white, while my old one is black.

3.one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时,其前面必须用定冠词the限定,但不可用that替换.如果先行词为"one of...",其关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式.例如:

1)This farm is the one that we visited last summer.(句中the one代替this farm,作先行词,不可用that替代)

2)This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.

3)Zhang Lei is the very one of the students who has been praised at the meeting.

4.one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,其前面必须有限定词,如the, some, all等修饰.但不能用数词或many修饰.例如:

1)Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.(句中the ones可用those替代)(MET92)

2)I don't want to buy these small pears; I want some large ones.

3)She wants to buy some new clothes and throw away all her old ones.

5.one在句中不可替代不可数名词.在句中如果出现了同一个不可数名词时,则需要重复前一个名词,或者省略那个名词.例如:

1)I prefer black coffee to white (coffee) .(white coffee中的coffee可省略也可不省,但不可用one替代coffee)

2)Folk music is the music that I like most.(不可用the one替代the music)

二、it作替代词的用法

1.it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.例如:

1)We are studying in a school with trees all around it.(it替代可数名词school)

2)-Have you still kept your old furniture?

-No,I have sold it.(it替代不可数名词furniture)

2.it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语.例如:

1)It is a great surprise to meet you here.(It替代不定式短语to meet you here)

2)I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children.(it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for短语)

3)We found it impossible that they could complete the task in two hours.(it替代that they could...从句)

3.it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容.这时,可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句.有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容.这时,不可用that替换.例如:

1)He said he had never met her,and it is not true.(it替代前面整个句子He said...)

2)I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with...)(NMET'98)

三、that作替代词的用法

1.that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.代替可数名词可以用the one替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰.例如:

1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(that代替不可数名词population,不可用the one替换)

2)The headteacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs.(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用the one替换)

2.that在并列分句中,可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子内容,这时,可用it替换,也可改为非限制性定语从句.例如:

1)She heard a terrible noise,and that brought her heart into her mouth.(that替代前面的名词noise)

2)They said they had discussed the problem,and that (=it) was impossible.(that替代前面整个并列分句They said...)

3.that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物).例如:

1)The lady that came to our class is from Australia.(that指代先行词lady)

2)A clock is a machine that tells people the time.(that指代先行词machine)

4.that的复数形式为those,只可替代可数名词复数,在句中相当于the ones.例如:

1)The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter.(those替代nights,可用the ones替换)

2)The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains.(those替代

students,可用the ones替换)

(文/陈梅《英语通》高二版2004年第1期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)

代替的句子篇三
《句子变换的方法》

句子变换的类型与方法

一、句式变换

(一)陈述句与把字句、被字句的变换

陈述句与“被”、“把”字句所表达的意思基本相同,但句式变了,使用的场合和效果也有差别。

【例如:】

一大滴松脂整个儿包住了苍蝇和蜘蛛。(陈述句)

一大滴松脂 把 苍蝇和蜘蛛整个儿包住了。(把字句)

苍蝇和蜘蛛 被 一大滴松脂整个儿包住了。(被字句)

由上例可知,把字句的主语是动作的执行者,被动句的主语是动作的被执行者。 变换的具体方法是:

1、找出陈述句中的两个称谓,(谁或什么)并确定它们之间的执行者与被执行者关系。

2、把字句:要强调执行者,就将句中执行者(例:一大滴松脂)调到句首做主语,后面再加上“把”字和被执行者,即成把字句。

3、被字句:要强调被执行者,

就将句中的被执行者(例:苍蝇和蜘蛛)调到句首做主语,后面再加上“被”字和执行者,即成被字句。

(二)肯定句与否定句的变换

把肯定句改为否定句非常简单,直接在表示肯定的词语前加否定词即可。如果说肯定句是数学中的正数,否定句是负数,那么双重否定句就是“负负相乘得正”,双重否定句不仅可以表达肯定的意思,而且,其肯定的语气较原来更加强①”、“非不”、“不能不”等。

【例如:】

许多国外的科学家都惊叹秦俑无与伦比的高超艺术。(肯定句)

许多国外的科学家都不得不惊叹秦俑无与伦比的高超艺术。(双重否定句)。

(三)陈述句与反问句的变换

陈述句就是把要表达的思想内容平铺直叙的表达出来,不带有任何感情色彩。而反问句则是通过反问的语气,把原来陈述的意思进一步强调。虽然反问句是用疑问句的形式表达出来,但其句子本身就包含着答案,是不需要回答的。反问句的感情色彩比较强烈,朗读时语调较高。

【例:】(两部分句子时,一部分不变只变一部分,句意与原句相反)

①面对任何灾难,中华民族不会望而却步。(陈述句)

面对任何灾难,中华民族会望而却步吗?(反问句)

面对任何灾难,中华民族难道会望而却步吗?(反问句)

②班长坐在那里捧着搪瓷碗,嚼着几根草根和我们吃剩的鱼骨头,我觉得好象有万根钢针扎着喉管。(陈述句)

看着老班长坐在那里捧着搪瓷碗,嚼着几根草根和我们吃剩的鱼骨头,我怎能不觉得好象

有万根钢针扎着喉管呢?(反问句)。

(四)陈述句改为反问句的方法:

陈述句改为反问句的方法:

1、将肯定句中的肯定词(是、能、会等)改为否定词(不是、不能、不会等)。 2、将否定句中的否定词(不是、不能、不会等)改为肯定词(是、能、会等)。

3、在肯定词或否定词前面加上“怎、怎么、难道、岂”等反问语气词。

4、句尾加上疑问助词“呢、吗”等,句末的句号改为问号。

【如:】

雷锋叔叔是我们学习的榜样。在改反问句时,将肯定词“是”改为否定词“不是”,在句首加上“难道”,句尾加上“吗”,句末的句号改为问号。这样,改成的反问句是:难道雷锋叔叔不是我们学习的榜样吗?

【又如:】

我们不能浪费时间。在改反问句时,将否定词“不能”改为肯定词“能”,再在“能”前加上“怎么”,句尾加上“呢”,句号改为问号。改成的反问句是:我们怎么能浪费时间呢?

反问句改为陈述句的方法:

用疑问形式表达确定的意思,用肯定形式反问表否定,用否定形式反问表肯定,只问不答,答案暗含在反问句中。

【作用:】加强语气,发人深思,激发读者感情,加深读者印象,增强文中的气势和说服力。

【例句:】我呢,我难道没有应该责备的地方吗?

对偶:

字数相等,结构形式相同,意义对称的一对短语或句子,表达两个相对或相近的意思。 作用:整齐匀称,节奏感强,高度概括,易于记忆,有音乐美感。

主要方式

1、正对。上下句意思上相似、相近、相补、相衬的对偶形式。

【例如:】墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根底浅;山间竹笋,嘴尖皮厚腹中空。

2、反对。上下句意思上相反或相对的对偶形式。

【例如:】横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛。

3、串对(流水对)。上下句意思上具有承接、递进、因果、假设、条件等关系的对偶形式。 例句:才饮长江水,又食武昌鱼。

反复:

为了强调某个意思,表达某种感情,有意重复某个词语句子。

1. 连续反复(中间无其他词语间隔)

【例句:】山谷回音,他刚离去,他刚离去。

2. 间隔反复(中间有其他的词语)

【例句:】好像失了三省,党国倒愈像一个国,失了东三省谁也不响,党国倒愈像一个国。

二、仿写句子

仿写,就是将已有的生动优美、含义深刻的语段为例句,要求学生仿照已有的句子的句式、修辞方式、情感等,用指定的(也有不指定的)词语或造出新的独立的句子来。 例:幸福是什么?救灾战士说:

“幸福就是从废墟中救出劫后余生的人们。”

幸福是什么?医生说:“幸福就是看见病人康复后的笑容。”

幸福是什么?老师说:“幸福就是在孩子们纯洁的心灵播种知识的种子。”

幸福是什么?我说:“幸福就是和小伙伴们在蓝天碧海间任意遨游。”

仿写的基本要求:

1、内容要协调一致

仿句和例句的内容要能够互相搭配,互相衔接;感情色彩、正反对立关系、富有哲理性和启迪性等方面要匹配。但要特别注意的是,仿句与例句不能雷同,二者的内容要做到:“花开两朵,各表一枝”,要有创新。

2、句式要统一

句式,即句子的结构形式。句式要统一,是指仿句与例句的结构要一致。但要注意用词不能重复。除了明显的共用词语以外,仿句的用词尽可能不与例句重复,避免语意雷同。

3、修辞要相同修辞要相同。是指仿句和例句所用的修辞方法要基本相同。仿写前要仔细审视,看例句用了哪种或哪几种修辞方法。

三、修改病句

所谓病句,是指那些语言表达有毛病的句子,即不符合现代汉语表达规则,或违反客观事理的句子。修改病句是为了进一步练习把话说完整,把词语用得准确,把意思说得明白合理,提高自己的语言表达能力,这是小学语言基本功训练的一项重要内容。

(一)病句种类

1、成分残缺

2、用词不当

3、搭配不当

4、词序混乱

5、重复累赘

6、前后矛盾

7、指代不明

8、归类不当

【例:】

①在全国人民的努力下,摆脱了贫穷与落后。(成分残缺)

【改为:】在全国人民的努力下,中国摆脱了贫穷与落后。

②二王庙的修建就是为了纪念李冰父子而建成的。(重复累赘)

【改为:】二王庙就是为了纪念李冰父子而建成的。

二王庙的修建就是为了纪念李冰父子。

(二)修改病句的基本原则

把握句意,修改得要少,改动得要巧,尽可能保住原句的意思。务求全句改得妥帖,避免以错改错。

1、有针对性。

简单地说,就是什么地方有毛病,就改什么地方;是什么样的毛病,就用相应方法来改。所以对各种病句的类型一定要心中有数,针对造成语病的原因进行修改。

2、保持句子的原意。

改正病句时,应尽量分析并把握它所要表达的原意;在尽量保持原意的前提下,将错误的地方加以造当的修改、调整。切忌违背原意,另起炉灶,按自己个人的意志另选一个句子去代替原句,或者添枝加叶来雕饰句子。

3、运用多种方法进行修改。

每一个病句,可以有多种不同的修改方法。至于用哪一种方法来修改更加合适, 这就要看病句本身的语病类型,看表达的需要,看具体的语境。

4、改动最少。

能够用调整语序的方法来修改就尽量不要增删词语,改一处可以解决问题就决不改两处,修改病句要注意句意的简洁,尽量保持句式或陈述者对象一致。

(三)修改病句的方法

1、首先要读懂句子;

2、然后在原句上查找,是什么毛病影响了句子的意思表达;

3、按照句子的意思“对症下药”的修改:

增(成分残缺的)

删(多余的)

换(用词不当)

简(修改应简要)

调(不搭配、不照应的)

四、扩句和缩句

(一)扩句就是给句子添枝加叶,即把只有基本意思、表达简单的句子进行扩充,给其添加一些修饰、限制

的词语,使句子的意思表达得更具体、更生动、更形象。

扩句的基本步骤:

要先找出句子的主干词语,在句子的主干词语前填加合适的修饰、限制词语。还可以抓住句子的主干词语,自己提一些问题,如果回答了提出的问题,也就是在进行扩句。

【例】

①老班长钓鱼。

瘦得只剩下皮包骨头的老班长在草地的水塘边专心致志地钓鱼。(扩句)

【分析】这句话的意思表达不具体。如果加上修饰限制的成份就会完整地表达清楚了。 方法:先提出问题,什么样的老班长?在什么地方?怎样地钓鱼?然后填上适当的词语,这就是扩句的过程。

②我看着这一幕。

瘦小的我呆呆地看着这感人的一幕。(扩句)

【扩句的注意事项】:

1、扩句不能另加主干,如:主语“我”不能变成“我们”或“我和某某”。

2、不能改变原句的基本意思和句型。

3、增添的词语要和原句中的词语搭配恰当。

(二)缩句就是给句子去掉枝叶,即把一个表达具体、生动的句子去掉修饰和限制的词语,保持句子最基本的成分。

缩句的基本步骤:

1、先把句子分成“谁”、“做什么”或“什么”、“怎么样”两部分。

2、找每部分的主干词语。

3、找到“的、地、得”,去除“的、地”以及前面的词语,去除“得”以及后面的词语。

4、最后去掉修饰、限制词语,把主干词语连接成完整的句子。

【例】:

①我时常怀着深深的感激之情思念着我的启蒙老师们。

我思念着启蒙老师们。(缩句)

分析:根据缩句的步骤,自己可以先把句子分成“谁”、“干什么”,然后找每部分的主干词语,去掉修饰成份,再把主干词语连起来。

②都江堰是两千多年以前李冰父子在岷江中修建的一条大堤。

都江堰是大堤。(缩句)

③我和同伴们低垂着头,在沙滩上慢慢前进。

我和同伴们前进。(缩句)

④这位“当代神农氏”培育出来的杂交水稻是中国继指南针、火药、造纸、活字印刷之后, 对人类做出的“第五大贡献”。

杂交水稻是“第五大贡献”。(缩句)

【缩句的注意事项】:

1、不能改变原句的基本意思,句子要完整,句型不变。

2、去掉修饰和限制的词语时要一次去完。

3、否定句中的否定词要保留,疑问句中表示疑问的词语要保留,缩句后的句子不能保留“的、地、得”,但可以保留“着、了、过”。

4、句子中的专用词不能去掉。如:“启蒙老师们”,“第五大贡献”等。

代替的句子篇四
《替代与省略》

英语语法精要讲解三十五:省略与替代

Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略

1.在下列动词see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,

let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做宾补,要省略不定式符号。

2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的结构中,在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。

3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。

4.在几个不定式并列时,第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。

5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中,不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。 Ⅱ、从句中的省略

1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。

Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)

Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)

Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)

He won’t come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)

He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)

2. 在if引起的从句中如有动词倒装时,省略if。

Were I you, I would not do it.

Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.

3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too) If you don’t go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)

4.宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which,whom等

在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。

Ⅲ、介词的省略

prevent sb (from) doing sth.

stop sb (from) doing sth.

have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.

spend time / money (in) doing sth.

be busy (in) doing sth.

Ⅳ、替代

省略与代替的作用是什么?

1.so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有:hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.

2.用not代替so的情况.

3.用不定式符号代替不定式.

4.用do在句子中代替其它动词.

高考英语语法-省略与替代

(一)并列句中的省略

在并列句中,第二分句(或第三、第四分句)往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。如:

Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, e few (are) to be chewed and digested.

(二)简单句中的省略

1.省略主语

1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如:

(You) Be seated, please.

2)其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如:

(I)Thank you for your help. (谢谢你的帮助。)

(It)Doesn’t matter. (没关系。)

2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如:

(There is) No smoking. (禁止吸烟。)

(Is there) Anything else ?(还有其他事吗?)

(You come) This way, please. (请这边走)。 and som

(Will you)Have a smoke ?(吸支烟?)

What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?(来一杯怎么样?)

Why(do you)not say hello to him ?(为什么不和他说声再见呢?)

3.省略宾语。如:

—Do you know Miss Gao ?(你认识高小姐吗?)

—I don’t know(her). (我不认识。)

—Which of them is the better choice ?(他们中谁是更合适的人选?) —Well, it’s hard to tell(it). (哟,这很难说。)

4.省略表语。如:

—Are you thirsty ?(你渴吗?)

—Yes, I am(thirsty). (是的,我渴。)

5.同时省略几个成分。如:

—Are you feeling better now ?(你觉得好些吗?)

—(I am feeling)Much better(now). (好多了。)

—Have you finished your work ?(你完成工作了吗?)

—(I have)Not(finished my work)yet. (还没有。)

(I wish)Good luck(to you)!(祝你顺利!)

6.其他一些省略结构

1)名词所有格所修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:

We spent the weekend at the Blacks’.

2)what和how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词。如: What a wonderful victory(it is)for Wilma!

How wonderful(it was)to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad.

3)不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to。

①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,wand,wish等后边。如:

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

②在have,need,ought,be going,,used等后。如:

I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.

③在某些形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后,如:

—Will you join in the game ?

—I’d be glad to.

④否定形式的省略用not to。如:

—Shall I go instead of him ?

—I prefer not to.

⑤如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。如:

—Are you a sailor ?

—No, but I used to be.

—He hasn’t finished yet.

—Well, he ought to have.

(三)复合句中的省略

1.定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略;当先行词是time,reason,place时作状语的关系副词when,why,where也可以省去。如:

This is the first time(when)he had trouble with the boss.

2.当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时,可以把重复的内容省去,而保留wh-疑问词。如:

Tom was sad, but I don’t know why(he was sad).

代替的句子篇五
《LJ001第十六章 替代》

①名词的替代形式;

②动词的替代形式;

②从句的替代形式。

①代词儿one,that,those指代人或物的用法;

②so和not代替从句更是热点;

③so/neither/nor+助动/系动/情动十主语的替代现象。

⑴ 人称代词(参看代词篇

⑵ 支撑代词one/these,that,those

eg: I have a new coat and several old .(=coats)

The engine of your car is better than The results obtained agreed with (=the results)expected.

说明:①one可指人,也可指物,物必须为可数名词;

②one前常有形容词修饰;a blue one, the bigger one, the one on the desk.

③that只指物(为可数[=the one]或不可数名词),后面一定要有修饰语;

④those代替可数名词的复数,既可指人,也可指物,后面一般跟有修饰语。

⑴do/does/did代替前面已出现的动词 eg: Use a book as a bee does (use) a flower.

⑵do so代替前面己出现的动词所表示的动作。

eg: Martin painted his house. I‟m told this is merely

because his neighbor his

house.)last year.

⑴在动词think,believe,expect,guess,hope, imagine,suppose,suspect,seem,appear be afraid后用so或not代替that从句。

eg: -There must be a road accident.

-It appears so (=that there is a road accident.)

- Has the news reached home yet?

-I'm afraid so/not(=the news has(not) reached home).

⑵有时so可以放在句首(倒装结构),也可放在动词之后代替句子。

eg: —I've lost the address。

—So have I.(=I've lost the address, too.)

You're going to be the next president. Everybody says so(=You're going to be the next

president.)

⑶有时也用if so代替整个从句

eg: -Tom may not be free tomorrow.

-If so(=he is not be free tomorrow), he will not come to us.

A 组 (基础题)

1. —Will he fail in the exam?

—________.

A. I don‟t hope so B. I hope not C. I don‟t hope D. I hope not to

2. —?

—I think this suit doesn't fit me.

A. Why not to have a try B. Why not having a try

C. Why not have a try D. Why not try to

3. —I heard Mr Zhang was badly injured in the accident.

—____, let's go to see him.

A. If so B. If such C. If not D. If any

4. So ____ that no fish can live in it.

A. shallow the lake is B. shallow is the lake

C. is the lake shallow D. is shallow the lake

A. Tries as he B. Try as does he C. Try does as he D. Try as he does

eg. Run as he could, he didn't catch the bus.

6. — He says he doesn't want to sign.

—A. is to B. does to C. is to go D. is to do

7. The furniture in this shop is better than ____ in that shop.

A. the one B. that C. it D. each

8. ____ come late to school.

A. Seldom does he B. Seldom he does C. Always does he D. Always he does

9. Only by this means________stop him doing it.

A. we can B. can we C. we would D. would we

how much time I hadlost

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize how much time I had

C. I didn't realize D. I realized

11. - Do you think Mr smith will attend tomorrow s meeting?

- I think .

A. so B. this C. such D. it

12. -Is she going to school?

-No,____

A. she doesn't B. she's cooking C. she gets by bus D. to the shops

__.

A. so does my brother B. my brother does so

C. so my brother does D. too my brother

14. Look! ____.

A. There is going the bus B. There goes the bus

C. The bus is going there D. There is the bus going

15. _____, we would go on a picnic.

A. The weather be fine B. Would weather be fine

C. Should weather be fine D. If the weather was fine

16. —Who bought the tickets? The teacher asked me to do it

—________.

A. I did so B. I did that C. So I did D. I did this

17. “Have you been here long?” “__

A. No, not very B. Not much C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday

18. —Have you fed the dog?

A. I am B. I've C. I'm just going to D. I'm just going

19. —Aren't you the manager?

—。

A. don't want B. don't want to C. don't want to be D. don't want

20. —They thought the film was interesting.

—.

A. it B. it so C. that D. that so

21. —Will you be able to finish the job this week?

—________.

A. I can‟t say so B. I‟m not sure so C. I don‟t know so D. I don‟t expect so

22. —I didn't pass the monthly exam.

—____ next time, and you will succeed.

A. Work hard B. To work hard C. Working hard D. Hard-working

23. —Someone ate my cookies.

—Well,A. neither did B. so did C. nor hadn't D. either did

24. No sooner ____ gone home than it began to rain heavily.

A. had I B.have I C. I had D. I have

25.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but____ didn't help. (NMET1993)

A. he B. which C. she D. it

26. —Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? ____.

—________.

A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it. C. I believe not so D. I believe not

think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine.

27. Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was. (NMET1995)

A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize

28. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all. ____. (NMET1995)

A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to

29. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him____. (NMET1995)

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

30. — We won‟t arrive there until night.

— And they ____.

A. will, either B. won't, too C. will, neither D. won't, either.

A. By B.For C.At D. While

32. He is good at playing piano and dances well.

A. So does he B. So is he C. So it is with him D. So it is with he

33. . Not only ____ difficult to light, but ____ of oil.

A.it was, did it smell B.was it, it smelled C.was it, did it smell D.it was, it smelled

34. Little ____ about his own health though he was very ill.

A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care

35. ________usual, he gets up very early this Saterday.

A. As B. As it is C.It's D. That is

A. anything else B. about anything else C. something else D. about something else

37. —Would you be able to come to the party?

—________.

A. I wouldn't expect so B. I expected not C. I'm afraid not D. I will hope so

38. Only ____ help you to do washing, I think.

A. is she able to B. she is able to C. can she D. she can

39. —Mum, I broke my motor car.

—I ____,you shouldn't have steppd on it.

A. told you so B. told it to you C. said so to you D. said it to you

40.. If you don't attend his birthday party,____.

A. neither do I B. neither will I C. so do I D. so will I

A. the reason B. why C. what D. That

A. expected B. expecting C. to be expected D. expect

1. B.hope动词用在简略答语中时,它的句式结构只能为:①肯定答语中“I hope so” ②否

定答语中“I hope not”。 与之相同用法的动词有:fear, be afraid, seem, appear

2. C. “Why not do…?”是一固定句型;表示委婉的提出建议,在此句型中not后只能用动词

原形或名词。

3. A. so代替第一句话中宾语从句的内容。C项和D项与疑题意不符,故排除这两项;such

不用于此句式中,故排除B项。

4. B. 对于句型:①S十be+so+adj.+that-clause

它的倒装结构只能为:

倒装结构为:

/did+subj.十v.+that-clause

5. D. 此题考查as引导让步状语从句的倒装句式。其结构为:

动词原形+

as+主语+助动词, subj.十v十.....

So十adv.十助动词do/does

从句 主句

6. A. 此题考查不定式表示将来时态的省略表达。he is to的完整表达为“he is to

sign”,其中的sign动词承上省略。

7. B.the one只能指代可数名词,each与其相同,而furniture„是不可数名词,故排除A、D

项;it不能用于此较状语从句中,指代前面的名词。

8. A. seldom是否定副词,放在句首应使用倒装句式,故排除B。always放在句首句子不使

用倒装句式,通常也不放在句首,故排除C.D两项。

9. B.思路 only放在句首的倒装句型。通过bythis咖知C、D的时态错;only和它修饰的

状语一同放在句首时,该句一定使用倒装句式。故选B项。

10. B. 思路 “not until…”放在句首的倒装结构。 “not until…”放在句首且句子使用倒装结

构。即

故B项为正确答案。

11. A.so是代词,代替上句中的宾语从句, 构成“Ithinkso"习惯用语。故选A.

12. D. 思路 抓住答语的省略表达。A项是答语中助动词用错;B项和C项问非所答.故排

除。D项答省略了主语和谓语。

13. A. 题干中的and连词表明,前后两句的句意独立,分别向人们叙述了一个完整意义的事

情。B项意思为“我弟那样做了”,与题意不符。如下例句:

Mother asked me to close the window. I did so.

C项意思为“我弟的确如此”,与题意不符。看例句:

My brother likes sports; So he does.

D项结构错,应为“My brother, too. ”

讲解: 以and连词的使用为突破口,弄清后一分句的含意。

14. B. 思路: 倒装与时态是解题的关键由here,there等作状语位于句首,谓语是come,

20,rush,run等不及物动词,主语是名词时,该句用全倒装结构,且谓语动词只能用一般时态。

15. C.思路: ①判断是虚拟语气的倒装结构。②冠词的用法。此题考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。

该虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反,故排除B。该题中weather无特定含意,故不需特指,即前不应加冠词the,故排除D项。

16. B.思路: 以代词指代内容的实质含意作为解题的出发点。I did so表示别人让你做某事,

你做了,若要表示别人让你做某事,而你没做,结果是别人做了,就用“sb.did that”。 eg. Mother asked me to wash dirty clothes, but my sister did that.

C项和D项与意不符,故排除。

17. A. 思路: 先用完整句作答,再从意思上判断。No,not very是No,I haven't been here very

long.的省略答语。其它选择均与题意不符。

18. C.思路: 抓住句意和句中的省略表达。首先排除A项和B项。D项缺不定式符号to,

当be about to,be going to,be able to,be sure to,be likely to,be ready to,be supposed to用于答语中,不定式符号to不能省略。

19. C.思路: 抓住不定式中的省略用法。当不定式是含有动词be的结构时,则要保留be

代替的句子篇六
《省略与替代讲解与训练》

代替的句子篇七
《英语常见的替代词用法详解》

英语常见的替代词用法详解

it 在句中作形式主语或形式宾语的替代用法

1、it作形式主语可以代替句中的动词不定式、动词-ing分词或一个句子。

It is important for us to learn English well.(it替代不定式 to learn English)

It is no use making such an apology to us Chinese.( It 替代动词-ing分词 making such an apology) It is happy for her parents that she is well now.(it 替代句子that she is well now)

2、it作形式宾语可以代替句中的动词不定式,此时句中的谓语事由某些特殊动词(如: find\think\feel等)充当的。 I find it impossible to finish so much work in such a short time. (it 替代不定式to finish so much work) that \ this在句中的替代用法

1、 that

A: I’m going to wear my new jeans to her party.

B: You can’t do that.(that替代to wear my new jeans to her party这一事情)

2、this

this 在介绍某人或某物时,指的是靠近自己的一方。

A: Hi, Mr Smith, This is my friend ,Bill.

B: Nice to meet you,Bill.

C: Nice to meet you, Mr Smith.

This 在电话用语中指的是自己。

A: Hello, may I speak to Miss Li?

B: This is Miss Li speaking.(我就是李女士。)

which、 that 、who、 whom在定语从句中的替代用法

1、 which 在句中放指物的先行词后或整个句子后,引导限定性定语从句或非限定性定语从句。

She said I was lazy, which isn’t true.( which替代句子 She said I was lazy)

This is the pen which was bought by my father. (which替代的是 the pen)

2、that在句中放先行词后,引导限定性定语从句。既可指物,也可指人。

The book that she borrowed from the library was lost.( that替代的是 The book)

The man that with a knife in his hand is a murderer. (that替代的是 The man )

3、who、whom(whom在定语从句中作宾语)在句中放指人的先行词后,引导限定性定语从句。

She was the girl who \ whom I just talked to.( who \ whom替代的是 the girl 且作to 的宾语)

One的替代作用

one 为避免重复而替代前文所提及的可数名词的单数,且该中心名词可以用one 或a、an修饰表示“一”;若替代前文提及的可数名词复数,则用ones.

There are many books on the shelf, which one do you like best? (此处的one 替代的是book)

There are many pens in my hand, and the blue ones are mine. (此处的ones 替代的是 pens)

量词的替代用法

当前文有某些可数名词复数(如pants、jeans、shorts、glasses等)时,如果这些名词前面没有a pair of 或 a suit of修饰时,则不能用one 来替代上述这些词,因为这些词前面不能用基数词直接修饰(我们不能说2 pants或5 clothes或 one shorts), 而是用可以修饰它们的量词短语中的量词来替代。

The pants are too small for me, Can you show me another pair? (因为another后面只能跟单数可数名词,故而这里用pair代替,意为a pair of pants)

如果没有another时,则可用ones替代。

The red pants are too small for me. Can you show me the blue ones. (此处ones替代的是pants)

同样,当遇上不可数名词时,也要用相应的一些量词来代替one 的概念,或用相应的量词复数来代替ones的概念。 The paper is too small for the little girl to paint on,please give her another piece.(因为有a piece of paper)

I’m so hungry that this slice of chicken isn’t enough. Could you give me 3 more slices?(代替的是3 more slices of chicken.)

更多例句(请注意下面两句的细微差别)

1)A: Look ! There are many bottles of milk on the desk..

B: Yes,and which one do you like best? (此处用one的原因是A句中已经出现bottles of milk, 所以可以代替one bottle of milk)

2)A: There is much milk on the desk.

B: Yes, but which bottle \ bag do you like best? (此处A句中心词为milk,因为milk 前面不能用one 来直接修饰,而只能用bottle或bag 来代表数量,可以说a bottle of milk \a bag of milk)

某些名词所有格也可以作替代词

如:

1)A: Where is Jeanie?

B: Oh,she is at Mary’s.(这里的Mary’s代替的是Mary’s house)

2) Yesterday Tom’s father was ill, now he is at the doctor’s.( 这里的doctor’s代替的是doctor’s room 或doctor’s clinic)

代替的句子篇八
《00-41one,do等的替代用法》

所有代词、部分副词(如 here,then)和一些助动词都能起代替作用。以下是几个常用的有替代用法的词

1.one /ones

(1)one /ones既可指人又可指物

a.两者只能用来代替可数名词。one用来代替可数名词的单数;ones用来代替可数名词的复数。例

如:

I don't like coloured envelopes.I like white ones.

b.当one前面有修饰语时,常在修饰词前加a/ an。例如:

My question is a difficult one.

c.ones 前面一般都带有修饰语。例如:

Here are the small bags.The large ones are fifty yuan.

d.one /ones 后面经常跟修饰语或定语从句。例如:

Her life was one devoted to the education of students in remote areas.

(2)one /ones在句子中的省略用法

a.如果one前面是形容词的最高级,或者one前面有this、that或another等修饰语时,one常常被

省去。例如:

Of allher questions,it is the most difficult(one).

b.如果ones前面有these或those做修饰语时,ones常常被省去。例如: These desks are for our class while those(ones)are for theirs.

2.that/those

(1)that用来代替前面已经出现过的可数名词的单数或者不可数名词,并且后面常常跟有修饰 语;that相当于the one,只能用来指物。例如:

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986.

(2)those 用来代替前面已经出现过的可数名词的复数,后面一般跟有修饰语;those相当于the

ones,既可指人又可指物。例如:

These machines are better than those we turned out last year.

3.do /do so

(1)do、does 或 did 可以用来代替前面已经出现过的动词或谓语。例如: Who broke her glasses?

Her little son did(=Her little son broke her glasses).

(2)do so可以用来代替前面已经出现过的动词及其相关的后续成分。例如: He asked me to buy him a book and I did so.

注意:当do so中的do在句子中为doing时,常常用 so doing。例如:

I wanted to go out for a walk in the park but my son prevented me from so doing.

4.so

(1)有时so在句子中用来代替主语补语或宾语补语。例如:

Prices were reasonably stable,and probably remain so.(=stable,主语补语) If she is successful,it is her mother who made her so.(=successful,宾语补语)

(2)so可以用做诸如lessso,more so,so much so 等搭配。例如:

The weather is cold in winter here-so much so(= cold)that we have to stay indoors allday.

(3)so常常用在某些动词后面以代替that所引导的肯定从句。例如: Do you think Mary will come to our party?I think so.

注意:a.ask 和 know 后面不能用so代替这种肯定从句。

b.如果上面句子的回答是否定的,那么它的否定回答就应该为:

I think not(=that Mary will not come to our party).

(4)在it appears 与 it seems 的句型中也可以用so代替that从句。例如: He must be our new English teacher.It seems so(=that He is our new English teacher).

注意:这里,也可以将so放在句首。即:So it appears 和 So it seems。 a.主、谓语有时倒装,有时不倒装。例如:

He can succeed in finishing the task on time.

So think most of his friends.

So most of his friends think.

b.有时用 if so 来代替整个句子。例如:

His girlfriend may be ill.

If so,he will not go to cinema with me tonight.

代替的句子篇九
《分句替代词so和not的用法小结》

分句替代词

so和not

的用法小结

黄培玉

王一昕

!河南省郸城县第一高级中学

so和not可以代替整个分句以避免重

复,这种现象在英语中极为普遍,语法上称为分句性替代。近年高考题中对此点也有体现,如2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)中第一题:

—Youshouldapologizetoher,Barry.—,butit’snotgoingtobeeasy.Ihearthatitwillraintomorrow,andif

so,oursportsmeetwillbeputofftomorrow.Ifnot,oursportsmeetwillbeheldassched-uled.(ifso=ifitrainstomorrow;ifnot=ifitdoesn’traintomorrow)

3.某些表示说话的词say,tell可以与so连用,但是通常不与not连用,除非主语

为表示泛指的代词。

A.IsupposesoB.IfeelsoC.IprefertoD.Iliketo

该题答案为A,同学们肯定提出疑问,为什么不可以选其它答案呢?so/not表示替代与to表示替代又有何区别呢?下面就这一问题分析一下so和not的用法:

1.常与I’mafraid/Ibelieve/expect/fear/guess/hope/suppose/think等词语搭配。在能作否定转移的结构中,以用Idon’tthinkso,Idon’tsupposeso更加自然。在表示

明显肯定或者怀疑口气的简短反应中,通常不用so/not。例如:

A:B:A:B:A:B:

TheAmericanswillwinthegame.Allmyfriendssayso.

Howdoyouknowthatheisleavingsoon?Hetoldmeso.

AretheItaliansaverystrongteam?

No,theysaynot.(此处they为表示泛指的代词)

4.分句替代词not可与perhaps,pos-sibly,probably,certainly,surely等表示情

态意义的副词搭配,构成缩略句,但通常不与so搭配。例如:

A:Doyouthinkhewillcometomorrow?B:Yes,Ithinkso.(so=thathewillcometomorrow)

A:Doyouthinkhewillcometomorrow?B:No,Ithinknot.(not=thathewillnotcometomorrow)

A:Aretheboyscomingtotheparty?B:I’msuretheyare/I’msureofit.A:Aretheboyscomingtotheparty?B:Idoubtiftheyare/Idoubtit.

在上述答语中,不可以用I’msureso/not,Idoubtso/not同样,通常也不说Iknowso/not;此外涉及动词hope时,通常不用Idon’thopeso.,而用Ihopenot.。

2.so/not与从属连词if搭配时,可构成无动词条件分句ifso,ifnot。例如:A:Isyourbrothergettingmarriednextmonth?B:Perhapsnot.(=Perhapsheisnotgettingmarriednextmonth.)

A:WillBushcometoChinatomorrow?

B:Possiblynot.(Itispossiblethatshewon’tcome.)

A:Willyouwasteyourtimeandmoneyon

that?

B:Certainlynot.(=CertainlyIwillnotdoit.)

A:Doeshereallyknowhim?

B:Surelynot.(=Surelyhedoesn’tknowhim.)

5.not还可以与why搭配构成缩略疑问句whynot?用于表示建议(何不做……?)或回答建议,意为“好哇!”。但是

Whatmaybedoneatanytimewillbedoneatnotime.在任何时候都可做的事情,总是在任何时候都不做的事情。

29

whyso则很少见。A:Ididn’tstophim.

B:Whynot?(=Whydidn’tyoustophim?)A:Let’seatout.B:Whynot?

6.so/not表示的替代与to表示替代的区别:so/not表示替代时代替的为that分句;to代替整个动词不定式词组。当某个

动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时,我们可以只用to这个词,而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。例如:

IwenttherebecauseIwantedto.(=...becauseIwantedtogothere.)

PerhapsI’llgotoBrazilthissummer;I’dverymuchliketo.

“AreyouandGilliangettingmarried?”“Wehopeto.”

Ithinkheshouldgetajob,butyoucan’tforcehimtoifhe’snotready(to).

Idon’tdancemuchnow,butIusedtoalot.

We’llneverleavehome;hehasn’tgotthecourage(to).

注意:有时to可省略,尤其是在形容词和名词之后,在某些动词(如try)之后也可省略to。例如:

“Canyoustartthecar?”“Ok,I’lltry.”注意:在want和wouldlike之后,通常不能省略to。然而当want或like用于从句时(例如在when,if,what,as之后),to常常

省略。

Comewhenyouwant.I’vedecidedtodowhatIlike.Comeandstayaslongasyoulike.

7.so/not表示的替代与it表示的替代的区别:so/not表示替代时代替的为一个that分句;it代替分句时用于believe,expect,fear,guess,hope,suppose,think以外的动词;to代表不定式,it代表部分谓语动词。

“Havewegotenoughmoney?”“Ithinkso.”

Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llregretit.(regretit=regretnotworkinghard)

“Tom’smotherisill.”“I’msorrytohearit”.

【巩固练习】

30

1.—Willyoutwogototheshowtomorrow?

—No.We’regoingtoalecture,oratleastI’mplanning.A.itB.toC.thatD.so2.—Mr.Lai,NationalDayiscoming.—?Justoccupyyourselfinyourstudy.

A.HowcomeB.WhynotC.SowhatD.Whatfor3.—Youhaven’tlostyourticket,haveyou?—Ihope.A.nottohaveB.tohavenotC.soD.not

4.DoyouliketowatchtheadvertisementonTVif?A.soB.noC.someD.any5.Johnseemsaniceperson.,Idon’ttrusthim.A.EvensoB.EventhoughC.ThereforeD.Though6.Therearealotofspellingmistakes;

,it’squiteagoodarticle.A.evensoB.eventhoughC.thoughD.instead7.—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith’soral

classthisevening.—?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.A.HowcomeB.SowhatC.WhynotD.Whatfor

8.—LittleWangisnotgoingtothecinema.—?Hepromisedjustnow.A.WhynotB.HowcomeC.SowhatD.Whatfor9.—Ifonlytherewerenoexaminations!—Weallneedmorerest.A.Whydoyouthinkso?B.Forwhat?C.Ithinkso.D.Icouldn’tagreemore.10.Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llregret

.A.itB.soC.thatD.this参考答案:1-5BCDDA6-10AABDA!

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