假设句例句

导读：　假设句例句篇一《假设句》 ...

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假设句例句篇一
《假设句》

假设句例句篇二
《关于假设句》

关于假设句、让步句、条件句

杨年保

（湖南理工学院，湖南 岳阳 414006）

摘 要：假设句是归入条件句好还是单列一类好；让步句能不能放在假设句中，历来有不同看法。如果从逻辑的角度和语义转换的角度进行考察，便会发现：让步句不宜归入假设句，而单列一类较好；假设句应放在条件句中，条件另立三个子类：充足条件句、必要条件和无条件句。

关键词：分类；逻辑角度；语义转换

假设句、让步句、条件句常纠缠在一起，是复句分类中的一个纠结，语法学家们从不同的角度出发，

的只列让步句和条件句。前者是将让步句归入了假设句，后者是将假设句归入了条件句。为什么要这么分，理由好像是不言而喻的，即复句分句间意义关系的着重点的不同。那么对于这几种复句到底是列三类较好，还是列两类较好？如果是列两类，那么列哪两类较为合适？这里谈点粗浅的看法。

一

现行的语法著作对复句的分类的主要依据是分句间意义上的关联。一个复句由于偏句叙述的内容尚未证实，所以称之为假设复句，由于偏句包含了退一步着想的意思，所以，称之为让步复句，而退一步着想有一定的虚拟性，因而又可称之为假设句。而假设句的“第一小句提出一个假设，第二小句说明假设的后

③果。后者是否成为事实，视前者为转移，也可以说以前者为条件，所以这种句法也可以称为条件句”。因

此，三者纠缠在一起，仅仅从意义上很难将它们区分开来，我们不妨换一个角度思考问题：从逻辑思维来看，“语言是思维的直接现实”，各种思维形式都要靠语言来表达。与概念相对应的语言形式是语词，与判断相对应的语言形式是语句，判断是语句的思想内容，语句是判断的物质外壳和语言表达形式。判断有简单判断与复合判断之分，一般说来，复合判断是由复句表达的（联言判断可由单句表达），并列句、连贯句、转折句、递进句表达联言判断；选择复句表达选言判断；我们所谓的假设句、条件句是表达假言判断

的（“无条件句”是一种特殊条件句，不直接表假言判断）。假言判断是断定某一事物情况是一另一事物情况条件的判断。由于它是断定事物情况之间的条件关系的。因此，对假言判断来说，条件是最重要的。不同的条件，形成不同的假言判断，正是按其所表现的条件性质的不同，假言判断相应地区分为以下三种类型，与之相对应的语句也有三类。

1、充分条件假言判断。其典型的语句形式是“如果A，就（那么）B”，同类形式有“只要A，就B”、“倘若A，那么B，”等。如：

（1）如果语言能生产物质财富，那么夸夸其谈的人就会成为世界上最富有的人。

（2）如果不互相尊重，爱也难以持久。

（3）只要我们积极钻研，就一定能够进一步认识和掌握语言结构的规律。

（4）只要我不外出，我就陪你玩几天。

我们称这类复句为“充分条件（亦可称“充足条件”，二者是同义词）句”。

2、必要条件假言判断。其典型的语句形式是：“只有A，才B”，类似的形式有“除非A，才B”。如：

（5）只有充分地发扬先进的东西去克服落后的东西，才能使社会前进。

（6）只有认识到落后，才能去改变落后。

（7）除非身体实在支持不住，他才会离开他的工作岗位。

（8）除非拓宽这条狭窄的道路，才能使交通运输畅通。

我们称这类复句为“必要条件句”。

3、充分必要条件假言判断。其典型的语句形式是“当且仅当A，才B”如：

（9）当且仅当三角形是等角的，它才是等边的。

汉语不习惯于这种句式，而将其表述为“如果A，就B，并且只有A，才B”。如：

（10）如果理论掌握了群众，理论就会变成物质力量，并且也只有理论掌握了群众，理论才会成为物质力量。

（11）如果三角形是等角的，它就是等边的，并且只有三角形是等角的，它才是等边的。

我们可以将这类句子分析为由一个充分条件句和一个必要条件句组成的一个多重复句。

既然我们所谓的假设句“如果A，那么B”之类与我们公认的条件句“只有A，才B”之类都是表达假言判断的，而且其重点并不在强调假设性，而是强调分句之间的条件关系，那么，何不将它们归为一类，统称为条件句呢？

条件句中的无条件句是一种特殊条件句，我们可以将其看作是若干个充分条件句的合取，如：

（12）不管他来不来，会议都照常进行。

这个句子可以分析出两个充分条件句：

如果他来，会议照常进行。

如果他不来，会议也照常进行。

（13）无论你跑到哪儿，我也找得着。

这个句子，可以分析出许多个充分条件句：

如果你跑到上海， 那么我找得着；

如果你路到巴黎，那么我找得着；

如果你跑到布宜诺斯艾利期，那么我找得着；

„„

所以，将无条件句放在条件句里还是有道理的。

让步句的语句形式是“即使（尽管、哪怕、就算、纵然）A，也（还）B”。如：

（14）即使我们的工作取得了极其伟大的成绩，也没有任何值得骄傲自大的理由。

（15）哪怕是老朋友，我们也要按原则办事。

这种复句分句不存在条件关系，它不表达假言判断。因此，它不同于充分条件句。

二

从语义转换的角度看，充分条件句可以转换成必要条件句或另一个充分条件句。即“如果A，就B”可以转换为“只有B，才A”或“如果非B，那么非A”。上文中的例句可作如下转换：

例（1）→只有夸夸其谈的人成了世界上最富有的人，语言才能生产物质财富。

或：如果夸夸其谈的人没有成为世界上最富有的人，那么语言不能生产物质财富。

例（2）→只有爱难以持久，才没有互相尊重。

或：如果爱能够持久，那么一定互相尊重了。

例（3）→只有进一步认识和掌握了语言结构的规律，我们才积极钻研了。

或：如果没有能够进一步认识和掌握语言结构的规律，那么，我们就没有积极钻研。

例（4）→只有我陪你玩了几天，我才没有外出。

或：如果我没有陪你玩几天，那么我一定外出了。

让步句“即使（哪怕、就算、纵然）A，也（还）B”不能转换成“只有B，才A”或“如果非B，那么非A”，例（14）、（15）就无法进行象充分条件句那样的转换，这说明让步句无论从语义上，还是分句间的关系上都不同于充分条件句。

综上所述，让步句不宜归入假设句，单立一类较好；假设句应放在条件句中，条件句另立三个子类：充分条件（也称充足条件、二者是同义词）句、必要条件句和无条件句，充分条件句包括我们所谓的假设句“如果A，那么B”和充足条件句“只要A，就B”。

注释：

①黎锦熙称之为“范围复句”。

②王力先生称为“假设的容许”。

③《中国文法要略》，吕淑湘著。

参考文献：

[1] 陈蒲清,刘衍.教学语法答疑[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,1984.

[2] 胡裕树主编.现代汉语(重订本)[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1996.

[3] 黄伯荣,廖东序主编.现代汉语(增订二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.

[4] 陈宗明.现代汉语逻辑初探.

[5] 普通逻辑(修订本)[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1986.

ON HYPOTHETICAL CLAUSE，CONCESSIVE CLAUSE AND CONDITIONAL

CLAUSE

YANG Nian-bao

(Editorial Department, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang Hunan 414006)

Abstract There are different opinions towards hypothetical clause is included in conditional clause or is classified as a single category, and towards whether concessive clause is just the same as hypothetical clause. From the angles of logic and semantic transference, the author thinks that it is improper to classify concessive clause into hypothetical clause and it better to treat it as a single category ; and that hypothetical clause should be discussed with conditional clause, which can be subdivided into three kinds: full conditional , compulsory conditional and empty conditional.

Key words classification; angle of logic ; semantic transference

假设句例句篇三
《关联词大全及例句》

关联词

1 并列

……又……又……

……一面……一面…… ……有时……有时……

……一会儿……一会儿…… ……既……又……

爸爸不抽烟, 也很少喝酒.

李老师既会拉小提琴, 又会吹笛子. 2 承接

……一……就……

……首先……然后…… ……便…… ……於是…… ……才…… ……接著……

2.1 哥哥拟好作文大纲, 才打草稿. 2.2 我一做好功课, 便到球场踢球. 3 递进

……不仅……而且…… ……不但……还……

……不但不……反而…… ……连……也…… ……何况…… ……甚至……

3.1 滥用药物不但会损害心智, 还会造成不可复原的脑部损坏.

3.2 祖父尚且参加体育活动, 何况我们青少年呢!

4 选择

……不是……就是…… ……或是……或是…… ……宁可……也不…… ……还是……

4.1 日明喜爱球类运动, 每天清早, 他 不是打球, 就是踢球去了.

4.2 我宁可给老师责罚, 也不说谎, 隐 瞒真相.

5 转折

尽管……可是…… 虽然……但是…… ……却…… ……然而……

5.2 尽管天气严寒, 可是伯父仍到海滩 游泳.

5.3 妈妈爱静, 爸爸却爱动, 两人性格 截然不同.

6 假设

如果……就…… 假使……便…… 要是……那麼……

6.1 如果明天下雨, 旅行就要取消了. 6.2 要是你不听爸爸的劝告, 那麼定会 闯祸.

7 条件

只要……就…… 只有……才…… 无论……都…… 不管……也……

7.1 只要多读多写, 语文水平就可提高. 7.2 不管多少险阻, 我也无惧前进. 8 因果

因为……所以…… 由於……因此…… 既然……那麼……

8.3 由於弟弟粗心大意, 因此做错了两 道数学题.

8.4 因为志文的腿摔坏了, 所以需要用 拐杖来走路.

1 并列关系：

概念：各分句间所表示的意思、事件或动作是并列平行关系，有的分句分别说明描述几种情况，有的分句表示相对相反或同时发生的几种情况。 „„又„„又„„

„„一边„„一边„„ 例：弟弟一边唱歌，一边跳舞。

„„有时„„有时„„

„„一会儿„„一会儿„„ „„既„„又„„ 例：李老师既会拉小提琴, 又会吹笛子。

„„也„„ 例：爸爸不抽烟, 也很少喝酒。

有的„„有的，一方面„„一方面，有时候„„有时候，那么„„那么，既„„又，也，又，还，同时。不是„„而是、是„„不是„„。 2 承接关系 概念：

各分句表示连续发生的事情或动作，分句有先后顺序。

„„一„„就（便）„„ 例：我一做好功课, 便到球场踢球。

„„首先„„然后„„ „„便„„ „„於是„„

„„才„„ 例：哥哥拟好作文大纲, 才打草稿。

„„接著„„ 3 递进关系：

概念：由两个有递进关系的分句组成，后一分句在意思上比前一分句更近一层。

„„不但„„而且„„ 例：地球上不但有氧气，而且还有氮气。

„„不仅„„还„„ 例：博尔特不仅夺得了金牌，还打破了世界纪录。 „„不但不„„反而„„ „„连„„也„„ „„何况„„ „„甚至„„

不但(不仅、不只、不光)„„而且(还、也、又、更)，而且，并且，况且，何况，尤其，甚至。尚且„„何况(更不用说)，别说(慢说、不要说)„„连(就是)。

4 选择关系：

概念：分句所说的事情不能同时并存，而是要从中选择一项。

„„不是„„就是„„ 例：我们下课不是跳橡皮筋，就是踢毽子。

„„宁可„„也不„„ 例：我宁可给老师责罚, 也不说谎, 隐瞒真相。

„„还是„„ 例：饭前吃水果好，还是饭后吃水果好？

„„与其„„不如„„ 例：与其浪费时间，不如做些有意义的事。 是„„还是，或者(或、或是)„„或者(或、或是)，不是„„就是，要么(要就是)„„要么(要就是)。 5 转折关系：

概念：后一句分句（正句）表述的意思同前一分句（偏句）的意思相反或相对。 尽管„„可是„„ 例：尽管天气严寒, 可是伯父仍到海滩游泳。

虽然„„但是„„ 例：道德虽然只是个简单的是与非的问题，但是实践起却却很难。 例：虽然天气已晚，但是老师仍在灯下伏案工作。 „„却„„ 例：妈妈爱静, 爸爸却爱动, 两人性格截然不同。 „„然而„„

虽然(虽是、虽说、尽管、固然)„„但是(但、可是、然而、却)，但是(但)然

而，可是(可)，却。不过，只是，倒。 6 假设关系：

概念：偏句提出假设，正句说明在这种假设情况下产生的结果。

（1）如果(假使、假如、要是、倘若、要是)„„就(那么、那、便)。如果引出的假设与正句结果一致。

如果„„就„„ 例：如果明天天气好，我们就举行升旗仪式。

假使„„便„„ 例：即使成绩再好，你也不能自满呀﹗

要是„„那麼„„ 例：要是你不听爸爸的劝告, 那麼定会闯祸。

（2）即使(就算、就是、哪怕、纵使)„„也(还是、仍然、还)。即使引出的结果与正句结果不一致。

如果„„就„„ 例：如果明天下雨，运动会就不举行了。

即使„„也„„ 例：即使成绩再好，你也不能自满呀﹗

7 条件关系：

概念：偏句提出一个条件，正句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。

只要„„就„„ 例：只要多读多写, 语文水平就可提高。

(说明：偏句指出充足条件，正句说明具备这种条件便能有的相应结果。) 只有„„才„„ 例：运动员只有不断地苦练, 才能获得优异的成绩。 (说明：偏句指出必要的条件，缺少了这个条件，就不能产生正句指出的结果。)

无论(不论、不管、任凭)„„都(总、总是、也)。(说明：偏句表示排除一切条件，正句说明在任何条件下都会产生的结果。)

例：无论风吹雨打，我们都坚持到学校学习。

不管„„也„„ 例：不管多少险阻, 我也无惧前进。

不论„„也„„

假设句和条件句有相通的地方。假设句中包含着条件的意思，条件句中也包含着假设的意思。如： 1.如果你去跳舞，他就高兴。 2.只要你去跳舞，他就高兴 。 第一句是假设句，但是“你去跳舞”也是“他就高兴”的条件；第二句是条件句但是“你去跳舞”，并不是已实现的事实，而含有一种假设的情况。它们的区别，一是用的关联词不同，二是前一句着重假设，后一句着重条件。 8 因果关系：

概念：偏句说明原因，正句表示结果。 因为„„所以„„ 例：因为这本书写得太精彩了，所以大家都喜欢看。

由於„„因此„„ 例：由於弟弟粗心大意, 因此做错了两 道数学题。

既然„„那麼（就）„„ 例：既然你知道错了，就要改正。

要是„„那麼„„

因为(由于)„„所以(因此、因而)，因此，因而；之所以„„是因为；

既然(既)„„就(便、则、那么)。

假设句例句篇四
《英语if条件句与汉语_如果_就_假设句的语用功能对比》

2011年第1期总第103期

佳木斯教育学院学报

No.1. 2011Sum 103

英语if条件句与汉语“如果…就…”假设句的语用功能对比

吴海燕

（延边大学 吉林延吉 133002）

摘 要：英语if 条件句常被拿来与汉语中的“如果…就…”等同起来。在英汉翻译中，两种句式也有极大的相似性。目前的相关论文多从语义和句式两个方面进行阐述。本文将以英汉两种句式的语用相似功能为主要阐述对象。

关键词：if 条件句；如果…就…；语用功能；相似性；对比

中图分类号：H31 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-9795（2011）01-0314-01

在英语复合句中，表示主句中谓语动词的动作或谓语动词的短语的动作产生的条件、推测、假象等状语从句，总称为条件状语从句。通常，条件状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词或谓语动词的短语。包含有主句和条件状语从句的复合句，叫做条件句。引导条件状语从句的单词和短语有：

(一)条件状语从属连词：1.if 2. unless .

(二)条件状语从属连词短语：1.except that 2.excepting that 3.in case(that) 4.(in) so far as 5.on condition that 6.only that 7.provided that 等。

从语义相似度来看，“如果p,就q”这一句式与英语的if 条件句更为相近。因此，本文中，将对汉语的假设句“如果p.就q”和英语中由“if”引导的条件状语从句进行语用对比。

一、英语if条件句的几种语用功能

(一)“will+ 动词原形”条件分句的主要语用功能是表示把握程度大小对半的推测，含计划、许诺、要求、评说、建议等意义的推测。

例：If you are interested，I will send you a copy

此外，这类条件句还可以用来表示“警告” 、“威胁”或间接的“告诫” 。说话人要表达“警告”这个言语行为，可以使用条件式“ if…then…” 表示坏事。

(二)“if + will +动词原形”条件分句可以用来表委婉、客气的语气，使话语听来彬彬有礼、毫不唐突。此外条件句还可以用以表示礼貌的请求、表示意愿、表示坚持、表示试探、表明主句行为的理由和避免状态动词现在时在“if”分句中既可指现在又可指将来的歧义。

例：1.if you will play the drum all night no wonder the neighbors complain

2.I’ll come down to your office after one o’clock if it will suit you.这类条件句的“if”分句中用“ will+ 动词原形”的动词形式，这似乎有悖于我们对第一类条件句动词形式的总结，即在指将来时间的条件句里，用一般现在时代替“will+ 动词原形”的所谓将来时。在实际语言中，“if+ will+ 动词原形” 结构屡见不鲜。张道真和章振邦把这一语言现象解释will在if分句中的情态用法，表示意愿。我们认为“意愿”之说只是will在if分句中的用法之一，实际上这类条件句可以用来表示委婉、客气的语气。就例句2来说，if 分句实际上是另一隐含的条件句的结果句，即if it will suit you实际上等于if it will suit you if I come at noon。说话人认为听话者按一个隐含条件是有预断的，而这个隐含条件已经标示了情况可能实现的倾向。分句中也可以用现在时态，即if it suits you.

(三)表示持保留态度的看法，也就是说，说话者由于对事实缺乏信心或出于某种策略,需要对自己的看法留有余地，就借过去时态的“距离性”意义来暗示自己的看法可能不符合事实。

例： If he changed his opinions，he’d be a more likable person

也可以表示礼貌地提出要求或建议，或者圆通地告诉别人该做什么。

例：If you should write to her，send her my love.

在这两类条件句中，if 分句表示将来不大可能实现的条件，即说话人相信条件不会实现，因而主句所述的判断可能是虚假的。这两类条件句的if 分句中用过去时态或者if 分句用“should +动词原形”的动词形式，则增加了条件的不确定性，因而，它是否定性弱化了的条件分句。

(四)含蓄地表明说话者的某种思想和情感，如表达惋惜、含蓄地提出建议、间接地表达感激之情等等。

例：1.if I were you，I would keep quiet.

2.if it hadn’t been for him，we would have lost the game.

在这类条件句中，分句表示与现在事实相反或与过去事实相反的条件。即分句表示说话人相信条件没有实现或未曾实现，因而主句所述的判断当然是虚假的。在语义上，这类假设条件句具有言此意彼的特征，说话者对事实的反面设想，是有意识地将假设的事实设想为过去，其目的就是利用过去时的“非真实性”意义来含蓄地表明自己的真实思想，用肯定的语言形式表达否定的事实，用否定的语言形式表达肯定的客观事实。

二、汉语“如果…就…”的语用功能

如果…就…的语用含义，这一句式，运用极为广泛，跟陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等用途都有关系。

第一，用于推知。“如果…就…”表示由某种假设推知某种结果。重在客观地展示事物的发展。结果分句一般用包含“能、会、得”之类助动词的陈述句，也用相当于陈述句的反问句。

例：1.如果没有丰富的只是，就不可能有丰富的联想。(初中《语文》第一册)

2.要是不当采购员，到明年年底，就不归进那百分之七里头去了吗？！(《人民文学》1982年第3期33页)

第二，用于应变。“如果…就…”表示由某种假设引发某种应变的行动。重在从主观上表明态度和对策。结果分句用陈述句，反映为主观意志所支配的行动，主语一般是第一人称的“我 、我们、咱们”等。

例：你如果不娶我，我就死！

第三，用于质疑。“如果…就…”表示由某种假设导出某种疑问，结果分句用疑问句。

例：如果你那个车间完不成计划，理由是什么？

第四，用于祈使。“如果…就…”表示由某种假设引出某种祈求。结果分句用祈使句。

例：如果有什么难处，你就直说吧。

第五，用于评说。“如果…就…”表示由某种假设引出某种针对假设情况所做的评说。结果分句对假设分句有按注作用，带形式

（下转第317页）

收稿日期：2010-11-12

作者简介：吴海燕（1981-），女，吉林延吉人，从事外国语言学及应用语言学方向的研究。

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2011年第1期总第103期

外语研究

No.1. 2011Sum 103

三、分析与启示

从这些差异不大的数据中我们可以看出，国贸和机械专业的学生在自主学习上相差的并不是很大，也就是说文理学生在自主学习上表现的态度是相近的，甚至在学习的某方面表达的观点是一致的。我们也许会很惊讶于这个结果，在我们普遍认为的观点里，文科生的英语自主学习性一定要比理科生更强，可是事实证明他们之间是没有太大差异的，为什么会产生这样的结果呢？我们可以从下面几个方面来分析：第一，从结果中可以表明，机械国贸两个专业的学生其实都是有自主学习意识的，但是因为在大学里各种各样的丰富活动或者其他因素导致了他们并没有去实施他们的自主学习计划。第二，大学里的生活学习节奏不同于高中，是在一个相当放松的坏境下学习生活，因此，大部分的学生在大学已经没有良好的学习习惯，学习上只是跟着老师的教学走，一切以老师为中心，并没有建立自己的学习计划。第三，在调查中，数据的主观成分较大，数据所表达的多是学生的意识，不一定说明行为的改变，有不少同学为了表现自己积极良好的一面并没有按照自己的真实情况来填写，这也同样影响到了我们的调查结果。

这一结果和我们实际教学所看到的现象大致相似，这就给我们的教学带来了一定的借鉴作用：第一，培养学生学习的兴趣：兴趣是学习中最主要的因素，英语教学应该根据学生不同的心理特点和思维发展规律，制定更加适合学生的教学计划，使课堂教学趣味

化、多样化、游戏化、生活化、情境化、使学生们怀着极大的兴趣，积极踊跃地参与课堂教学活动。第二，改善学习坏境：营造有利于学生自主学习的氛围，让学生想学。第三，培养自主学习的意识，帮助学生制定自主学习计划，并适时调整，调查表明很多学生曾经制定过学习计划，但因缺乏毅力，半途而废，所以教师要采取一定的手段和策略，监督学生坚持到底。第四，培养学生使用学习策略的能力，通过认知策略提高学生的听、说、读、写各方面的技巧。

[1]教育部.大学英语课程教学要求[Z].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2007.

[2]Holec, H. Autonomy and Language Learning [M], Oxford: Pergamon, 1981.

[3]Little, D. Learner Autonomy 1: Definitions, Issuses, and Problems [M]. Dublin: Authentik,1991.

[4]余文森.略谈主体性与自主学习[J].教育探索,2001(12).

[5]华维芬.关于建立英语自主学习中心的调查报告[J].外语界,2003(6).

[6]彭金定.大学英语教学中的“学习者自主”问题研究[J].外语界,2002(3).

参考文献：

Survey on English learning autonomy of Students in arts and science department - Take Jiangxi university of technology,applied sciences college as an example

Xiao Hong-ying

(Gannan Normal University, Jiangxi university of technology,applied sciences college,Ganzhou Jiangxi,341000, China)

Abstract：With the deepening of college English teaching reform, develop self-learning ability of students to be paied more and more attention by scholars, also attract more and more attention from students and teachers. But how is the self-learning ability of students in the end, develop their own ability to learn the arts and sciences, Whether the reaction for independent study of students is same or not, have not been solved. To solve these problems, the author investigates the learning autonomy of international trade and machinery 08 of the students in Jiangxi institutions using the form of a questionnaire survey. The survey mainly involved: students motivation to learn; learning programs; teaching activities in learning; their role and the teacher's role in learning. Through analysing the results of survey,the author found some problems and made recommendations.

Keywords: arts and science students; English learning; survey

［责任编辑：李 微］

（上接第314页）

主语“这、那”，或能添加形式主语“这、那”。有三种情况：

1. 结果分句用“那该多么…”“那真太…了”之类的感叹句。例：要是他也能来，那该有多好！

2. 结果分句用包含“是、像”这类动词的陈述句。例：人如果活着没有目标，就像是船没有了舵。

三、语用功能相似性

从上面分别列出的英语条件句和汉语假设句的语用功能来看，尽管各自的表述方法和所下定义不同。但二者的语用功能有很大的相似性。例如：

(一)表示表示委婉语气，礼貌的请求1.如果天太晚，你能来接我吗？

2.If it is late，will you please come and pick me up?(二)表示猜测、推测

1.如果他没来，那他一定是病了。

2.if he majored in ancient Chinese，he is bound to be a classical literature lover.

(三)表示祈使意义

1.如果你害怕就别来了。2.if it interest you，do it.

参考文献：

[1]杜永文.新编英语语法分析全书[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2002.

[2]邢福义.汉语复句研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.

[3]徐阳春.现代汉语复句句式研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.

Pragmatic functional contrast of English conditionals “if” and Chinese hypothesis sentence “ruguo…jiu”

Wu Hai-yan

(Yanbian University, Yanji Jilin, 133002, China)

Abstract：In the process of English-Chinese translation, we find that English conditionals “if…”and Chinese hypothesis sentences “ruguo…jiu…”share great similarities. Most of relevant papers described the similarities from two aspects: semantics and syntax. This paper will describe the similarity from the perspective of pragmatic functions.

Keywords: conditional if; ruguo…jiu…;pragmatic functions;similarity;contrast.

［责任编辑：周志媛］

317

假设句例句篇五
《6.1虚拟语气之if假设句》

虚拟语气之假设语气

英语虚拟语气主要分以下几类：1假设句，以if最为常见。2表达某事应该怎么样，比如He suggests that I should come early. 3表达某种强烈愿望，比如wish之后的宾语从句，if only等。

假设语气主要用于if引导的条件句中，表达的是非真实的或不太可能的假设与结果。其从句（if 假设句）和主句（假设的结果）要用特殊的动词时态。下面先看下真实条件句与假设条件句的区别：

If I become president, I will…(奥巴马竞选总统时所说)

If I became president, I’d…(一个小男孩所说，不太可能的情况所以用假设语气) If I win this race, I will…(刘翔所说)

If I won this race, I’d…(最慢的运动员所说，不太可能的情形，所以用假设语气)

一． 分别对过去、现在和未来的假设

1、过去发生事情进行假设

这时从句动词用had done，主句用would/should/could/might+have done

If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.

If you had asked me, I would have told you.

I would have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn’t helped me.

If it hadn’t been for your help, we could have been in lots of trouble.(要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻烦)

2、对现在情形进行假设

这时从句用did和were（be 动词都改成were），主句为would should/could/might+do

If I knew her name, I would tell you.

I would perfectly happy, if I had a car.

If I were rich，I would spend all my time traveling.

If my nose were a little shorter I’d be quite pretty.

If it weren’t for the children, we could go skiing.要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪

3、对将来情形假设

这时从句有以下三种动词形式 1.were/did 2.were to 3.should 主句为would/should/could/might+do看看下面的例子

What would I do if I were to lose/should lose/lost my job？

If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.

if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, I would not go out.

If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again

上述主句中would最为常用，might=would perhaps/would possibly表可能 如 If you asked me nicely, I might buy you a drink.

could=would be able to表能力 如If I had another $500, I could buy a car.

二、If it weren’t for…和It hadn’t been for…

If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如： If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded.

三、含蓄条件句

有些句子中虽然没有出现if，但因为but for （要不是），otherwise（否则）等词也暗含着假设，所以要用if假设句的主句动词形式。如：

He would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，

他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙

He would lose weight, but he eats too much

他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。

Without cars human life would be quite different today. (If there weren’t cars, human life would be quite different today)

I am glad you told me about the show being canceled. Otherwise I would have traveled all the way to London for nothing.(Otherwise=If you hadn’t told me about the show being canceled)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.

But for Tom, we could have won the game. (But for Tom=If it hadn’t been for Tom)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.

What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.

▲四、混合语气

前面我们讨论的都是主句和从句在同一时间发生的。有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句和从句的动词形式因时间不同而不同，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：我们把它称为混合语气，比如

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句是过去的假设，主句是现在的结果）

If it had rained last night(过去)， it would be very cold today (现在)

If I knew you were coming(现在), I’d have baked a cake（过去）.

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.

▲五、假设句的省略与倒装

如果if从句中有were，should，had，可以把if省掉，把上述词提前即可： Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。

Had you come earlier, you would have met him. = If you had come earlier， you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。

Should it rain, the crops would be saved. = If it should rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。

Had we not missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash. = if we hadnt missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash.(不能写成Hadn’t we missed.即had, were, should 提前不能连带not一起写成缩略形式)

Were it not for water, no plant could grow.

五、假设句的练习

1._____ he _____ time, he would certainly have come to the party last night.

A. Has had B. If had

C. Did have D. Had had

答案为D。该句句意为：昨天晚上他若有时间的话，他一定会参加聚会的。Had he had time=If he had had time。

2._____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （06湖北卷）

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

答案为B。本题句意为：如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反。

3.—Is he feeling any better?

—No. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he _____ quite all right now.

A. will have been B. would have been

C. would be D. will be

答案为C。本题为混合时间的虚拟条件句,从句指过去情况，主句为现在情况。句意：如果他那时接受了医生的建议，现在他就好了。

另外，if引导的虚拟条件句的从句中若含有有were,should或had等，可将if 省略，把were, should或had移至主语前。

4. If it _____ tomorrow, we _____ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （94年上海卷）

A. rains, would have had to

B. were to rain, will have to

C. should rain, would have to

D. rained, should have had to

答案是C。这是将来时的条件状语从句，本句可用陈述语气（条件句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时)，也可用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气（条件句用一般过去式/were to do/should do,主句用would do)。此句用的是虚拟语气。

5. You didn’t let me drive.If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired. （96年全国卷）

A. drove, didn’t get

B. drove, wouldn’t get

C. were driving, wouldn’t get

D. had driven, wouldn’t have got

6. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today, if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （02上海卷）

A. wouldn’t have fallen

B. had not fallen

C. should fall

D. were to fall

7. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later. （96上海卷）

A. had said B. said

C. might say D. might have said

8. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.（95上海卷）

A. If it is not B. Were it not

C. Had it not been D. If they were not

9. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _____, too cold for us to live. （97年上海卷）

A. would be freezing cold

B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold

D. can freeze coldly

Keys5---9：DBDCA

假设句例句篇六
《高考作文语言训练之假设句》

高考作文语言训练之假设句——一架蔷薇满院香

所谓假设句就是通过对假设条件下可能产生结果的推测，来证明论点正确的一种分析方法。因其用假设复句构成，所以称其为假设句。

如全国高考语文试题中的一道获得了语文界人士的交口称赞：古往今来，彪炳史册的杰出人物，都曾做出过非同寻常的努力，因而在事业上创造了辉煌的业绩。试想，如果没有李时珍跋山涉水、遍尝百草，没有他数十年如一日的搜集整理、笔耕不息，哪里会有药学巨著《本草纲目》的问世!

很显然，这是一道假设句的仿写题。说它“牵涉到有关议论文的方方面面，既检测了议论文体的理论知识及其运用，又考查了语言的实际操作能力”者，有之；称它测试了“依照特定的语言环境，将所学的各类静态的语言基础知识转化为动态的运用能力”者，有之；称它“为我们平时议论文阅读和写作提供了优化的训练途径”者，也有之。通过以上评论，我们不难得出这样一个结论：通过假设句的写作对学生进行语言训练，毫无疑问是切实可行的。

假设句的主要表达方式有以下几种：

一、面例式

如果把详举一例称为“点”，那么，我们可以把略举一组事例，甚至一句一例的写法，称之为“面”。就“面”例式而言，又可分为正反对比式与例证式两种。

1．正反对比式

例1.其实，历史已不正一次向人们鸣响了警钟，假如当初蔡桓公听信了扁鹊之言，他又何至于病入膏肓而一命呜呼呢?假如当初马谡采纳了王平的建议，他又怎能遗恨街亭而伏诛于武侯麾下?话又说回来了，如果当初秦孝公不听取商鞅之谏而变法，何以能称雄于六国?如果我们共产党人不听取李鼎铭先生的意见而精兵简政，又何以能变成贵州的“小老虎”而吃掉宠然大物的“东洋驴”呢?综上所论，不难看出：善纳人言者，昌；不纳人言者，亡!

2．例证式

例2.古语云：“不积跬步，无以至千里：不积小流，无以成江海。”凡立功名于世者，无不是从小处做起，注意点点滴滴的积累．有意识地培养自己的品德才能，不断自我完善的。若无每日闻鸡起舞坚持不懈的毅力，那么祖逖又怎能北伐中原而名垂千古!若无长年笔走龙蛇墨染池水的工夫，那么王羲之又怎能挥毫盖世被尊称为书圣呢?若无半生钻研演算草稿盈筐的血汗，那么陈景润又怎能摘取明珠享誉世界呢?

二、点例式

点例式即前面先详举一例，然后接一层假设分析。如事例是正面的，假设句即从反面分析；如事例是反面的，假设句可从正面分析。简言之，点例式可分为正例反设与反例正设两种。

1．正例反设

例3.欧立希为发明一种新药，坚持进行试验，失败了，总结教训再干，一直试验了606次方获得成功，制出了以试验次数命名的新药“606”，新药的问世是坚持的结果。试想，如果欧立希仅仅试验一两次，失败后就撒手不干，那么，新药又怎能会问世呢?如果他试验了一二百次都以失败而告终，他若认为成功的希望已经渺茫，甚至怀疑了原来的设想，因此而偃旗息鼓，自甘暴弃，不另辟蹊径，那么“606”自然不会诞生。即使他试验了605次，又失败了，如果他这时丧失了信心，希望之火熄灭了，那么，他也会功亏一篑，功败垂成，同样，也决不会有“606”的诞生。正因为他坚持下去了，最后，他终于获得了胜利。可见，坚持就是胜利。

2．反例正设

例4.在这类问题上出差错，诸葛亮并非第一次。赤壁大战后，他明知关羽与曹操有知遇之恩，曹操若经华容道，关羽必然放他过去，但他在关羽一番慷慨陈词，立下军令状之后，就“留这人情”，让他移兵拦守。结果，关羽果然让曹操逃之夭夭。假如当初诸葛亮不留人情，而是派其他可靠的将领去拦守华容道，那么，可能曹操会被擒拿；又假如从那次吸取教训，这一次秉公办事，不管马谡怎样拍胸脯，下保证，不合适就不用，那么就有可能避免失街亭的悲剧。而事实恰恰相反，诸葛亮并未从第一次的失策中吸取经验教训，而是在重蹈覆辙后，才“深恨自己之不明”，流涕斩了马谡。可是，这只能是明乎法而已了，对兴复汉室，还于旧都的大业的实现，都无可奈何了。可见，与其执法如山在后，还不如任人唯贤在前。

以上两例，事例与假设分析明显分开，有时，也可采用夹叙夹议式，将举例与假设分析融为一体。

三、叙议结合式

例5. 我们不是为中国女排再一次争得世界冠军而欢欣鼓舞吗?我们不是赞赏郎平“一锤定音”的高超球艺吗?但是我们应该想一想，如果没有孙晋芳那巧妙的二传，没有陈亚琼等的默契配合，郎平能打出“一锤定音”的好球吗?女排之所以能取得如此辉煌的胜利，是她们依靠集体力量团结一致的结果。

不会分析，是中学生议论文写作中的一个通病，“观点+材料”便是该种弊病的典型特征。犯有该种弊病的同学，往往认为提出中心论点后，只要列举一堆例子，便算完成了论证。因而他们笔下的文章，常常有议论文之名，而无议论分析之实。假设分析，是克服这一弊病的最为行之有效的方法。所以许多人都偏爱这种分析方法。陈天敏主编的《(3+2)最新高考应试指南》中就曾指出：“把材料凝缩到议论式的句子里，在转述材料的同时进行评论，有时能收到较好的表达效果。如‘如果爱迪生习惯了黑暗，也许我们至今仍点着蜡烛；如果赵武灵王习惯了宽大的袍子，沉重的战车，也许赵国早就灭亡了’。”我们的假设句正是这种写法，正体现了举例与议论的完善结合。

例1最突出的特点便是将举例与说理有机地融为了一体。四个事例正反相对，再加之排比句的运用、反问句的贯穿，使文章不仅层次清晰，内容紧凑，而且气势充沛，语言雄辩。

例2与例1一样，都是一句一例，这便在形式上限制了对事例内容的陈述，避免了以叙代议。三个假设句构成排比，前半句写条件，后半句写结果，在内容上，严密紧凑；在气势上，感叹句加反问句，如江河一泻千里，不仅读之有力上口，而且听之雄壮悦耳。

例3与例4，先列举事例，后假设分析，正例反设，反例正设，在是非、成败的对比中，有据有理地阐明了中心论点的正确。较之一般的写法，它不仅更易为把握，而且理盛辞壮，更能增强说理的力度。因为假设句的运用，粘结了论点与论据，有力地揭示了观点与材料的内在联系。

例5，蓝光中等主编的《高考专题作文训练》对该语段的评析是：“这个事例叙中有议，议中有叙，叙、议结合得好。”这个评语，一语道出了本种写法的特点。此外需要注意的是，本种形式多用反问句，读起来特别雄辩有力。

综上所述，我们不难看出：

(1)假设句包含的是条件与结果的关系，如把条件称为A，结果称为B，其表达式就为：如果没有A，那么就不可能有B。如果没有欧立希一次次失败后的坚持，那么就不可能有新药606的诞生。

(2)假设句与例证句在内容上截然相反，如果事例是正面的，假设句则应从反面下笔；事例是反面的，假设句则应从正面下笔。事例与假设句可正反结合形成鲜明对比。

(3)从句式上看，假设的内容常用排比句、反问句表达，不但能增强文章的说理力度，而且能增强文章的气势。

总而言之，假设句如运用得当，既可增强文章的说理性、可信性，又可增强文章的语势文采，从而提高学生的得分档次。

高考作文精彩语段

1.如果人生要踏开一条荆棘路，那么“诚信”就是开辟通道的镰刀；如果人生要越过座座关隘，那么“诚信”便是绿色的通行证；如果人生要驶向新境界的大陆，那么“诚信”就是带你驶向彼岸的航帆。(2001•全国•优秀)

2.如果没有钟子期的知音之声，也许伯牙《高山流水》只能埋葬于荒山野林间；

3. 如果说幸福快乐是一盘菜，那么思维方式就是一位厨师，厨艺的高低则决定了菜肴是否美味可口。

如果说幸福快乐是一扇门，那么思维方式就是做成它的钢铁，钢铁的坚硬程度则决定了它的耐用时间长短。

如果说幸福快乐是一列车，那么思维方式就是一位司机，他手中的方向盘决定了它是否可以到达目的地。

所以，让我们思维活跃，让我们掌握好思维的方向盘，让它顺利地到达幸福快乐的目的地，摘取生存的法宝，闪动生命之光!(2004•全国•满分《掌握思维方式的方向盘》

4.有人说，竞争是一种残酷的斗争，其结果必将是此消彼长，竞争必须遵守大自然优胜劣汰的法则，即必须在捕食与被捕食中生存；但我要说，竞争可以毫无血腥，可以在你超然的处世智慧中获得双赢。如果刘邦因为韩信的骄傲自大，就不予重任，那么我们有理由相信，刘邦不可能成就一代霸业，韩信的威名也不可能留传青史；如果蔺相如因为廉颇的屡屡攻击而怒不可遏，那么我们有理由相信，赵国不可能安定团结，这“定国双璧”的威名也不可能名扬天下；如果唐太宗因为魏征的屡屡冒犯而大动干戈，又何来唐朝的繁荣昌盛?魏征又怎么可能成为李世民心中最重要的镜子呢?(2005•山东优秀《心怀双赢，享受入生》)

5. 如果你是金子，就不要甘心永远被埋在沙子里，你要亮出自己，这样，人们才会看到你的闪光点。

如果你是花朵，就不要永远含苞不放。你一定要露出笑脸，因为别人渴望得到你的芳香。 如果你是雨滴，你就不要永远藏在云朵里。要知道，因为大地渴望得到你的滋润。昨天属于历史，明天是个未知数，唯有今天把握在我们手里。手心上是天，手背下是地，握起拳头就是你自己。命运就掌握在我们自己手里，关键看你是否能做好准备，相信自己，把握好时机。

相信自己，亮出青春的风采!相信自己，点燃心中的勇气。(2005•全国•满分《相信自己》)

6. 如果说虚心是船，自信是帆，帆船兼备才能出海远航，探寻未来。

如果说虚心是雪，自信是梅，雪梅并存才能打造出诗情画意，为人吟诵。

亲爱的朋友，敢问路在何方是一种别、样的智慧，走自己脚下的路，自己去披荆斩棘，更是一种芬芳着的勇敢，让我们去做一个有大智大勇的人吧! (2005•全国•满分《走自己的路，让别人去说吧》)

假设句例句篇七
《五大简单句 例句》

the bus stopped.

he smiles.

the concert has ended.

we must wait.

the car won't go.

the baby can talk.

the universe remains.

he walked to the store.

our house lies between the trees and the river.she is doing well at school.

beautiful flowers bloom in the garden in spring.it rained heaving last night.

she graduated from the langara college.

my friend waited ten minutes.

the child behaved badly at the party.

the plate dropped from my hands.

the plane will take off soon.

they talked for two hours.

he will fly to toronto.

I come to see you.

he was running to catch the bus .

my father went to the beach to spend his weekend.he come back to look for his wallet.

we went to the theater last night to watch a new play.i get up early in order to have time to read english.he hurried so as to catch the sky train.

he ran to the station only to find the train left.i don't go shopping to morrow .

john came running to me .

he stood talking with his friends.

she came accompanied by her boyfriend .

they sat surrounded by the children.

they walked into the garden singing and laughing.

车停了。

他笑着说。

音乐会已经结束。

我们必须等待。

车坏了。

婴儿可以谈。

宇宙仍然存在。

他走到商店。

我们的房子位于之间的树木和河流。她在学校表现良好。

美丽的鲜花盛开在花园中的春天。昨晚下雨起伏。

她毕业于兰加拉学院。

我的朋友等了10分钟。

表现不好的孩子在党。

该板块下跌从我手里。

飞机马上就要起飞了。

他们谈了两个小时。

他将飞往多伦多。

我来看看你。

他是在追赶公交车。

我父亲去海边度过他的周末。他回来找他的钱包。

我们去了剧院昨晚看一出新戏。我早起，以便有时间阅读英语。他急忙以赶上火车的天空。他跑到车站却发现火车离开。我不为明天去逛街。

约翰向我跑来。

他站在他的朋友交谈。

陪同她来到她的男朋友。他们坐在四周的子女。

他们的歌声走进花园和笑声。

假设句例句篇八
《定语从句例句全》

I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the glare of publicity.我真可怜那些要在众目睽睽之下生活的名人。 He's not the kind of man who would go back on his words.他不是那种背信弃义的人。

People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine.在草坪上行走要罚款。

The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。

The man who telephoned was a friend of yours.打电话的人是你的一位朋友。

He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

There is a lady who wants to see you.有一位女士要见你。

The girl with whom he had been living for two years suddenly packed her bags and left.这姑娘和他同居了两年,突然收拾起行李走掉了。

The police have pulled in a half dozen people whom they suspect.警方已逮捕6个他们怀疑的人。

That's the girl (whom) I teach. 那就是我教的女孩。

The person (whom) you wish to see has come.你希望见到的人已经来了。

He is a shallow thinker whose opinions aren't worth much.他看问题很浅薄,他的意见没有多大价值。

The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。

Nobody is going to buy a house whose front door opens onto a gas works.没有谁会买一栋前门对着煤气厂的房子。 I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。

This is the room which is kept for the reception of visitors.这是专供接待来访者用的房间。

There is a special parasite which gives rise to the itch.有一种特别的寄生虫会导致皮炎。

Lally was right about the repairs which the cottage needed.拉莉关于农舍需要如何修理的意见是正确的。

Rule out neatly any words which you don't wish Jack to read.把你不想让杰克看的词句整整齐齐地划掉。

The sports day is an occasion which we can all join in.运动日是大家都能参加运动的一个机会。She is one of the students that work very hard. 她是特别用功的学生之一。

Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?

I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.我喜欢那些裹巧克力酱的甜饼。

The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important.我昨天收到的他那封来信很重要。

Here is the car that I had told you about.这就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对这个事先已经同意的决定都满意。 I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。

I have never seen such a man as you talked about.我从没见过你说到的那种人。

During this terrible year they took only such food as they could find.在这可怕的年头里,他们只能找到什么吃什么。 He is not the same boy as he was.他和从前不一样了。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.她对他的态度同她一贯的态度完全一样。

I gave him old clothes which he made a penny of.我给了他一些旧衣服,让他拿去换钱。

The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。

The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。

He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻并和她生了两个女儿。

Water is the natural medium in which most fish live.水是大多数鱼类生活的自然环境。

There were long periods when we had no news of him.我们曾好长时间没有他的消息。

Jenney dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living.珍妮梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。 This is the hour when the place is full of people.这种时候这地方到处都是人。

Returning to a city where one used to live can be a saddening experience.重归故地有时会给人带来几许惆怅。

I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.我跑去寻找加油站买汽油。

The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested. 旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。

The reason why she didn't get the job was that her English was not very good.她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。

The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong.他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。

That is the reason why we must go now.这就是我们现在必须走的理由。

This is one of the basic reasons why some of our work can't be done well.这是我们有些工作做不好的一个基本原因。  This is the way how he always treats me. 他一贯就是这样对待我的。

That's the way how I learn English.那就是我学英语的方法。

We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several thousand pounds a year. 我们设计出一个一年可为公司节省几千英镑的计划。

The custom dates from the times when men wore swords.该习俗始于人类佩带刀剑的时代。

The patient,who had been asleep for nearly three hours,began to move his limbs.病人睡了将近3小时才开始动一动胳膊和腿。

This could be the winning game for the challenger, who only needs two more points for the championship.这场比赛可能是挑战者获胜,他只要再得两分就得冠军了。

Watch for our new improved product, which will be on the market next week!等着看我们新改进的产品吧,它们将于下星期开始在市场上出售。

The journey, which I remember well, was very pleasant.我清楚地记得那次旅行很愉快。

She was shown into a small room, where there was a dying man.她被领进了一间小屋,那里有一个垂死的人。

The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.我种下的第三棵树又被人砍倒了。

He gives the driest speech that I have ever listened to.他的讲话是我所听过的最枯燥的。

The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.我担心的最糟的事情终于发生了。

The first thing that I want to do now is to have a drink.我现在想做的第一件事就是喝点酒。

It was the largest map that I ever saw.那是我所看见过的最大的地图。

They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.他们把整整关了一个月的窗子都推开了。

All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.你生日那天你的朋友送给你的礼物都必须收好。

I have some things that I must do today.我有一些今天必须做的工作。

Would you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?请改正你发现的拼写错误,好吗？

There is every chance that she will succeed.她完全有机会取得成功。

I have no money that I can spare.我没有多余的钱。

He quickly knocked out the few things that had to be looked after before leaving.他迅速办好了几件动身前必须料理的事情。 This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。

She is the very person that I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。

He was the only person that could rule over the tribes.他是唯一能统治那些部族的人。

He is the only one of us that knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。

That's the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.这个人与前天求援的是同一个人。

It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.这就是我昨天下午听的那首歌。

He is the last man that I want.他是我最不想见的人。

She was the last person that came back.她是最后一个回来的人。

He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。

We talked about the persons and things that we remembered in school.我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人和事。 Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?你昨天买的哪本书是培根写的？

He proudly pointed out the biggest sheep, which already weighed 150 kilograms.他骄傲地把最大的一只羊指给我们看,它已经有150千克重了。

The women never drink in this manner, which is absolutely special to men.妇女从来不用这种方式喝酒,这完完全全是男人喝酒的方式。

Glass, which breaks at a blow, is ,nevertheless, capable of withstanding great pressure.玻璃尽管一击就碎,却能承受很大的压力。

I dislike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。

If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.如果你回顾一下那个赛季,你找不出他哪一场打得不好。

This is the point,from which all distances are measured.从这一点开始来测量各个方向的距离。

Painting is something that I really enjoy doing.绘画才是我真正喜欢做的事。

We may eventually become members of the club, but this is not something that should be rushed into.我们最终会成为俱乐部成员的,但不能草率行事。

Freedom is something which is won, not granted.自由是争取来的,不是别人赏赐的。

I've just struck on something which might be of use to us.我刚才想到一个办法可能会对我们有用。

I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the glare of publicity.

He's not the kind of man who would go back on his words.

People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine.

The man who I saw is called Smith.

The man who telephoned was a friend of yours.

He who laughs last laughs best.

There is a lady who wants to see you.

The girl with whom he had been living for two years suddenly packed her bags and left.

The police have pulled in a half dozen people whom they suspect

That's the girl (whom) I teach.

The person (whom) you wish to see has come.

He is a shallow thinker whose opinions aren't worth much.

The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.

Nobody is going to buy a house whose front door opens onto a gas works.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

This is the room which is kept for the reception of visitors.

There is a special parasite which gives rise to the itch.

Lally was right about the repairs which the cottage needed

Rule out neatly any words which you don't wish Jack to read.

The sports day is an occasion which we can all join in.

She is one of the students that work very hard.

Is he the man that sells eggs

I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.

The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important.

Here is the car that I had told you about.

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.

I never heard such stories as he tells.

I have never seen such a man as you talked about.。

During this terrible year they took only such food as they could find.

He is not the same boy as he was.

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been

I gave him old clothes which he made a penny of.

The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.

The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.

He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.

Water is the natural medium in which most fish live.

There were long periods when we had no news of him.

Jenney dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living.

This is the hour when the place is full of people.

Returning to a city where one used to live can be a saddening experience.

I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.

The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested.

The reason why she didn't get the job was that her English was not very good.

The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong.

That is the reason why we must go now.

This is one of the basic reasons why some of our work can't be done well.

This is the way how he always treats me.

That's the way how I learn English.

We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several thousand pounds a year. The custom dates from the times when men wore swords

The patient,who had been asleep for nearly three hours,began to move his limbs.

This could be the winning game for the challenger, who only needs two more points for the championship. Watch for our new improved product, which will be on the market next week!

The journey, which I remember well, was very pleasant.

She was shown into a small room, where there was a dying man.

The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.

He gives the driest speech that I have ever listened to.

The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.

The first thing that I want to do now is to have a drink.

It was the largest map that I ever saw.

They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.

All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.

I have some things that I must do today.

Would you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?

There is every chance that she will succeed.

I have no money that I can spare.

He quickly knocked out the few things that had to be looked after before leaving.

This is the very book that I have been looking for.

She is the very person that I wanted to see

He was the only person that could rule over the tribes.

He is the only one of us that knows Russian.

That's the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.

It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.

He is the last man that I want.

She was the last person that came back

He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.

We talked about the persons and things that we remembered in school.

Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?

He proudly pointed out the biggest sheep, which already weighed 150 kilograms.

The women never drink in this manner, which is absolutely special to men.

Glass, which breaks at a blow, is ,nevertheless, capable of withstanding great pressure.

I dislike the school to which he belongs.

If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.

This is the point,from which all distances are measured.

Painting is something that I really enjoy doing.

We may eventually become members of the club, but this is not something that should be rushed into. Freedom is something which is won, not granted.

I've just struck on something which might be of use to us.

假设句例句篇九
《基本句型例句》

雅思写作核心句法

例句——

一.基础篇

(一) . 雅思写作5大基本句型结构

1. 雅思写作五大基本句型结构

Pattern 1: 主语+系动词+表语

例句:

1) His statement is somewhat exaggerating.

2) People have become increasingly self-centered.

3) The nuclear weapon remains a threat to the world.

Pattern 2: 主语+不及物动词

例句:

1) Several problems would occur due to the overuse of computers.

2) Opinions to this differ a lot.

3) Children’s obsession with the Internet serves as another example of computers’ bad influences on the young minds.

Pattern 3: 主语+及物动词+宾语

(雅思写作中使用最多的句子结构)

例句:

1) Certain news organizations have reputations for not presenting the news objectively.

2) Some households do not attempt to recycle their waste.

3) Modern society expects people to know how to speak English.

4) They should not learn to live in a virtual world.

5) I think this is true to a certain extent.

6) Some people claim that we should start using alternative energy sources.

Pattern 4: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

例句:

1) Subjects like history, geography and biology give students (间接宾语) a valuable introduction (直接宾语) of the forming of both the natural and human worlds.

2) Some students would give a higher rating (直接宾语) to the teacher (简介宾语).

Pattern 5: 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

例句:

1) The government should keep everything in good order.

2) I find myself on their side.

3) I find myself in complete disagreement with this opinion.

4) The advent of technology makes technical and occupational knowledge more crucial than ever before.

(二) . 基本句型的3个特殊变式

1. there be 句式

例句:

1) With the advent of mass-production and the improvement in living standard, there has been a greater need for advertising than ever before.

2) Ideally, there should be a body to monitor such experiments.

3) There has been a debate about whether old people should be forced to retire from work at the age of sixty, regardless of their own wishes.

2. it 句式

例句:

1) It has been suggested by numerous medical experts that this pollution is linked to illness such as cancer and asthma.

2) Some parents find it hard to resist the pleading of their little angels not to be punished like this.

3. 被动句式

例句:

1) Public awareness should be raised to conserve fresh water

resources—our lifeblood.

2) Euthanasia is considred by cancer patients to be a decision to die with dignity.

(三) . 基本句型的2种扩展方法

1. 名词的扩展

1) 形容词+名词

例句:

The old, cranky

old and cranky, refused to answer our questions.

2) 名词+介词结构

例句:

in academic study and research.

3) 名词+定语从句

例句:

whose work takes them abroad.

定语从句

I think there may be some reasons why entertainment stars earn high salaries but overall I agree that they are overpaid.

These days, we have a proliferation of new buildings that/which look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.

The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work.

Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.

They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research.

4) 名词+同位语

例句:

courtyard residences in Beijing, was once seen as the remains of the old world.

5) 名词+不定式 (to do)

例句:

to keep them in good health is to allow them to keep working.

6) 名词+分词结构 (-ed/ -ing)

例句:

having worked for over thirty or forty years, should not go on working.

2. 动词的扩展

1) 动词+副词

例句:

both often and swiftly in order to deter crime and “give criminals what they deserve”.

2)) Boarding schools are expensive, so demand for usually/virtually

2) 动词+介词短语

例句:

under all circumstances.

2)) For over fifty years, A number of nations have been involved in the exploration of outer space.

3) 动词+状语从句

例句:

1)) One of the first things that people need to consider when deciding whether or not to believe the new stories is the source.

When deciding whether or not to believe the new stories, one of the first things that people need to consider is the source.

2)) Young people can choose to stop working and enjoy their leisure time as long as they can make ends meet.

As long as they can make ends meet, young people can choose to stop working and enjoy their leisure time.

常用状语从句连接词例句

The ecological problems are being aggravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.

The government should raise the public awareness of environmental

preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.

Self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.

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