自立的句子

导读：　自立的句子(篇一)《由一个独立的句子和一个或一个以上非独立的句子组成的 》 ...

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自立的句子(篇一)
《由一个独立的句子和一个或一个以上非独立的句子组成的...》

复合句

Complex Sentence

由一个独立的句子和一个或一个以上非独立的句子组成的句子称为复合句。主句是句子的主体部分，从句只作句子的一个从属部分，不能独立成句。复合句常由连词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句在主句中作什么成分就叫什么从句，例如从句作宾语就叫宾语从句。从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

1. 主语从句

主语从句在复合句中作主语，它的作用相当于名词。引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。例如： That I was right is clear.我是对的，这很清楚。

Whether he’ll come or not has not been decided yet.他是否来还没有决定。

Who is coming to the party is unknown.谁来参加聚会，还不知道。

What he said is not true.他所说的不是真的。

Which team has won the game is not known.哪个队赢了比赛，还不知道。

When we will have the discussion depends on the teacher.我们什么时候讨论将取决于老师。 Where we will meet will be decided by you.我们什么时候见面将由你来决定。

How she got the prize is still a secret.她怎样得到的那个奖还仍然是个秘密。

Why Tom was late remains a puzzle.汤姆为什么迟到还是个谜。

2. 表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语，它的作用相当于名词。引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。例如： The fact is that we’re behind the others.事实是我们已经落后于别人。

The question is whether it is worth reading.问题是它是否值得一读。

He looks as if he knew nothing about it.他看起来好像对这件事一无所知。

The problem is who’ll be in charge of the class.问题是谁来负责这个班。

That’s what we want to do.这正是我们想做的。

The question is which team will play in the game.问题是哪个队将参加这场比赛。

That was when he joined the army.那是他参军的时候。

That was where I first met him.那是我第一次见到他的地方。

That was how she finished her education.那就是她怎样完成学业的。

This is why Tom cried.这就是汤姆为什么哭的原因。

3. 宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，常由下列一些连词引导。

（1）由连词that引导。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在口语和非正式文体中可省略。例如：

She said (that) she would return the book soon.她说她很快就会还书。

He said (that) he would come here and (that) I should wait for him.

他说他会来这儿，并让我等他。

（2）由连词whether或if引导。whether或if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只是起连接作用，但不能省略。它们的意思都是“是否”，在把句子翻译成汉语时需要译出来。例如： I wonder whether/if he’ll agree with me.我不知道他是否同意我的意见。

I don’t know whether/if he will come back this evening.我不知道他今晚是否会来。

（3）由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what或连接副词when, where, how, why引导。连接代词或连接副词位于从句的前面，起连接主句和从句的作用。从句用陈述句语序。它们在从句中充当一个成分，并保留原有的疑问含义，把句子译成汉语时需要译出。例如： I can guess who/whom you have talked with.我可以猜出谁和你谈话了。

I know whose brother he is.我知道他是谁的兄弟。

Do you know which team lost in the game?你知道哪个队在比赛中输了吗？

Tell me what you have done.告诉我你干了什么。

We have to decided when we’ll set off.我们必须决定什么时候动身。

He wants to know where we’ll spend the holiday.他想知道我们在哪儿度假。

I wonder how he got so much money. 我想知道他是怎么搞到那么多钱的。

I can not understand why he said that again.我不明白他为什么又说那个了。

4. 定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句需要放在所修饰词（先行词）的后面。引导定语从句的连词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, where, why等。例如：

Do you know the man who is singing now? 你认识那个正在唱歌的人吗？

He is the man (whom/that) the teacher blamed.他就是那个被老师责备的人。

I live in the room whose window faces south.我住在窗户朝南的房间。

The school which is famous here has a long history.这里有名的那所学校历史悠久。

The table that stands in the corner is made of glass.那个立在角落的桌子是玻璃制成的。 All that they had taken with them was one bottle of water.他们带的所有东西只是一瓶水。 I still remember the day when I first came here.我还记得我到这里的第一天。

This is the bridge where you took photos.这是你照相的那座桥。

This is the reason why he failed the test.这是他没通过考试的原因。

This is the room in which he once lived.这是他曾经住过的房间。

The day on which one is born is one’s birthday.某人出生的那一天是他的生日。

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about a superman.

昨晚我看了一部很好的电影，是有关超人的。

The river is wide, which a new bridge has been built over.

这条河很宽，在上面又建了一座新桥。

注意：后两句为非限制性定语从句。是先行词的附加说明，如果省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和主句之间用逗号分开，并且不能用that作连接词。

5. 同位语从句

同位语从句一般是跟在某些抽象名词（如news, fact, belief, idea, suggestion, advice等）

后面的由连词that引导的从句。与定语从句不同的是：同位语从句只是进一步阐述或说明所修饰的词的详细内容，并且只能用that作连接词。例如：

Everyone knows the fact that it is colder in winter than in summer here.

每个人都知道这个事实：这里的冬天比夏天冷。

His suggestion that we hold the meeting next week cannot be accepted.

他有关下周开会的建议不能被接受。

6. 状语从句

复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、比较、方式、让步等。

（1）时间状语从句常用when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, until等连词引导。例如： I was reading the newspaper when he called.他打电话时，我正在看报。

As they walked along, they sang happily.他们边走边高兴地唱着。

While mother was cooking, he was doing his homework.妈妈做饭时，他正在做作业。 After he left home, he went to the bookstore.离家以后，他去了书店。

Think twice before you act.三思而后行。

As soon as he came back, he began to watch TV.他一回来，就开始看电视。

I’ll wait until you have done it.我将等到你做完那件事。

（2）地点状语从句常由连词where, wherever引导。例如：

We will go where we want to go most.我们将去我们最想去的地方。

Wherever you are, you should not break the law.无论你在哪儿，你都不能违法。

（3）原因状语从句常由连词because, since, as引导。例如：

I was late because I missed the school bus.我迟到了，因为我错过了校车。

Since you are unable to answer, we should ask someone else.

既然你不能回答，我们就应该问别人。

As you are tired, you may have a rest.既然你累了，可以休息一会儿。

（4）条件状语从句常由if, unless等连词引导。例如：

I’ll be very happy if you come to the party.如果你来参加聚会，我将很高兴。

You won’t succeed unless you work hard.除非你努力，否则你不会成功。

（5）目的状语从句常由so that, in order to等连词引导。例如：

He got up early so that he might catch the bus. 他早早起床，以便赶上车。

She did the exercise carefully in order that she wouldn’t make any mistake.

她认真地做练习，为的是不出错。

（6）结果状语从句常由so that, so…that…, such … that…等连词引导。so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。例如：

He had forgotten to post the letter so that he had to go out again.

他忘了寄信，所以他不得不再出去一次。

She was so sleepy that she could hardly keep her eyes open.她太困了，以至于几乎睁不开眼睛。

It was such a fine day that we all went out to play.那天天气真好，我们都出去玩了。

（7）比较状语从句常由than, as…as, not as…as等连词引导。例如：

Peter runs faster than Tom.彼特比汤姆跑得快。

I can jump as far as you do.我能跳得和你一样高。

（8）方式状语从句常由as, as if/though等连词引导。例如：

You must do as the teacher requires.你必须按老师要求的去做。

He spoke as if/though he knew what had happened to his wife.

他讲话时似乎已经知道他的妻子发生了什么事。

（9）让步状语从句常由though/although, even if/though等连词引导。例如：

Although he is young, he knows more than others.虽然他年轻，但是他比别人懂得多。

We’ll try our best even if/though we may fail.虽然我们可能会失败，但我们将尽最大的努力。

Exercises 

I. Turn the following sentences into complex sentences.

1. I received two gifts. I didn’t accept them.

____________________________________________________________________

2. I can’t find the person. His car is blocking the way.

____________________________________________________________________

3. That is the place. The plane crashed.

____________________________________________________________________

4. There was a time. People believed that the sun moved around the earth.

____________________________________________________________________

5. When will we have the meeting? Do you know that?

____________________________________________________________________

6. How long is the Yellow River? I often wonder.

____________________________________________________________________

7. I don’t believe that. He said that at the meeting.

____________________________________________________________________

8. I want to know it. Who has reported the news?

____________________________________________________________________

9. The newspaper carried a funny story. In the story a man often ate metals.

____________________________________________________________________

10. He asked me. Where have you been?

_____________________________________________________________________

II. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. ___________________ we need more practice is quite clear.

A. If B. what C. that D. /

2. The reason I have to go is _________if I don’t.

A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed

C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing

3. I wonder ________________ he asked such a silly question in public.

A. how B. what C. that D. why

4. I don’t think _________________.

A. that he came to the concert yesterday true

B. true that he came to the concert yesterday

C. it that he came to the concert yesterday true

D. it true that he came to the concert yesterday

5. She told us _________ interesting story ______________ we all laughed.

A. such …that B. such an …that

C. so … that D. so an …in order that

6. I was about to go out _______________ the phone rang.

A. when B. so C. then D. as

7. That is __________________ it has been translated into many languages.

A. what B. how C. whenever D. as

8. The reason ________________ he was absent is known to all.

A. when B. because C. why D. since

9. I can’t decided _________________ book I will take. Both of them are very good.

A. what B. that C. which D. whatever

10. The way ______________ you are doing the experiment is strange.

A. which B. in that C. what D. in which

11. ______________an English teacher, I find ___________ useful to learn to type.

A. As … that B. To… it C. To be …it D. As…it

12. The news ___________ we won the game excited us all.

A. that B. / C. where D. which

13. Mr. White, ___________ everybody likes, is going to give us a lecture.

A. whom B. what C. which D. if

14. He was born in the year ____________ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.

A. which B. when C. on which D. during which

15. It is such a beautiful city____________ everyone likes it.

A. which B. so that C. that D. and

Part Four Pick up Your Grammar

动词的时态（三）——将来时

Verb Tenses (III)— Future Tense1一般将来时

一般将来时由“shall/will+动词原形”构成，shall只用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称。其具体用法如下：

（1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，经常和tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day(week, month, year …)等表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：

We shall (will) not be free tonight.我们今天晚上没有时间。

She will be nineteen years old next month.她下个月就19岁了。

（2）表示将来经常或反复发生的动作及一种倾向性的动作。例如：

We will come to see you every Sunday.每个星期天我们都会来看你。

We will die without air and water.没有空气和水我们就会死。

（3）be going to+动词原形：只表示主观上打算和计划要做的事，表示很近的将来要发生的事。例如：

自立的句子(篇二)
《由主语和谓语构成的句子可以独立表达一个完整的意思》

由主语和谓语构成的句子可以独立表达一个完整的意思.如:我爱香山.但是,如果在主语与谓语之间加上一个"之"字,成了"我之爱香山",本来意思完整的句子却变得不能单独表达完整的意思了,必须说出爱香山的理由以后才算完整了.这里的"之"的功能就是取消句子独立性.

：“取消句子独立性”：当主谓短语在句中作为主语、宾语或一个分句时，虚词"之"用在主语和谓语之间，起取消句子独立性的作用，表明它并不是独立的完整的句子

通常来说一个主谓短语可以独立成为一个句子,但在文言文中主谓短语充当句子成分的时候，当“之”处于主语和谓语之间的时候，之的用法即为取消句子独立性。

如：臣之壮也

若为“臣壮”则是我年轻力壮，是主谓结构，可独立成句；但文中“臣之壮也”，为我壮年的时候，此时它只是作为一句话中的状语出现，不能独立成句了。

取消句子独立性，顾名思义，就是让本可以独立成句的句子不能成为句子，而只能成为句子中的某一成分。特征是在主谓结构的句子中间插入一个“之”，让这个本可以成为主谓句的变成一个短语，充当句子中的各种成分。

举几个例子也许你比较一下就明白了：

1.臣之壮也，犹不如人——《烛之武退秦师》

我壮年的时候，尚且不如人。“臣壮”本可以是一个主谓句，此处“臣之壮也”做的是状语。 2.吾妻之美我者，私我也－－《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》

我的妻子认为我美（以我为美），是因为偏爱我啊。

此处美和私都活用为动词，美还是形容词的意动用法，“吾妻美我”本可以构成一个主谓句，但是加了"之"，就作整句的主语了。

其他取消句子独立性的例子

3.父母之爱子，则为之计深远。－－《触龙说赵太后》前一个“之”

4.察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者。－－《寡人之于国也》后一个“之”

通常来说一个主谓短语可以独立成为一个句子，但在文言文中主谓短语充当句子成分的时候，往往把”之”放在主谓之间使它不能独立为一个句子。

如"夫专诸之刺王僚也" ，本来“专诸刺王僚也”可以是一个独立的句子，但在原文中它并不

是独立的句子，而是充当状语，原文是“夫专诸之刺王僚也,彗星袭月”。

比如说“王老师讲课”是一个句子，最后可以用个句号，但如果说“王老师的讲课”，多了一个“的”，就是一个短语，而不是一个句子，就不能用句号了，虽然“的”与“之”功能不完全一样，但道理是一致的

自立的句子(篇三)
《独立主格句子分析》

功能

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：

表示时间

The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件

The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。

表示原因

There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。

He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。

表示伴随情况

Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)

独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。

用作时间状语

The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

用作条件状语

Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

用作原因状语

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

用作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

表示补充说明

We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。

*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

1>一般独立主格形式:与主句逻辑关系松散

形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式;n. + 不定式 ; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词;n. + 副词. ;

名词/主格代词+现在分词

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。如：

The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

名词/主格代词+过去分词

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。如：

The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 名词/主格代词+不定式

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

名词/主格代词+形容词

如：

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

名词/主格代词+副词

如：

He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 名词/主格代词+介词短语

如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

2>with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密

形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +abj.; with +n. + 介词短语 3>each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词

形式为:句子 + 复数名词结尾 , each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式

如:

Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.（题源:《GMAT语法全解》白勇著，Page38）

4>其他形式

There being +名词（代词）

如：

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。

It being +名词（代词）

如：

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

This done, we went home.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。

如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。

自立的句子(篇四)
《英语中短语分类(可独立承担句子成分)》

自立的句子(篇五)
《省略句、独立结构》

综合训练十：省略句、独立结构专题

一．省略句

在英语中，有时为了避免 结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。

（一）.说出以下句子的省略成分.

1, What a hot day !

How wonderful! 感叹句中常省略________________________

2. Anything else ?

This way, please. 在___________________可以省略某些句子成分

3. You shouldn't come to his party unless invited.

Though tired, they went on working.

当状语从句中的___________和主句的___________一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有 _____________动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词

4. Should it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit till next week.

虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到______,则需省略__，

5. ---Are you and Jane getting married？---We hope to．

I have asked her to come， but she does not want to.

He doesn’t like fish， but he used to．

---Why didn’t you come to our party？---I was going to，but l had a report to write．

---Will you join me in a walk？---I'll be happy to

不定式结构常可省略，但要保留________________________

6. Why not try it again?

在 why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略_________________________.

7. ---Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?

--- I don’t think so.

在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和， _______________等连用，以替代上文出现的内容

(二) 单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案：

1.Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.

A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told

2. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.

A. attended B. didn’t attend C. didn’t D. did

3. —— I usually go there by train.

—— Why not＿＿＿＿＿by boat for a change? (MET’92)

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

4. ＿＿＿＿＿ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.

A. If it is not B. Were it not

C. Had it not been D. If they were not

5. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him ＿＿＿＿＿.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

6. ——Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?

—— ＿＿＿＿＿.

A.I believe not B.I believe not so

C.I don’t believe it D.I don’t believe

7. —— What do you think made the girl so glad?

—— ＿＿＿＿＿ a beautiful necklace.

A. As she received B. Receiving

C. Received D. Because of receiving

8. Father advised me not to say anything until＿＿＿＿＿ at the meeting.

A. asking B. to ask C. asked D ask

9.—— Have you watered the flowers?

—— No, but ＿＿＿＿＿. C

A.I am B. I’m going C. I’m just going to D.I will go

10.He broke his legs while ＿＿＿＿＿.

A. riding B. ride C. was riding D. rode

二． 独立结构。

请先看一道高考题：

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March.

A．has been launched B．having been launched

C．being launched D．to be launched

解析：

首先，判断题干不是一个并列句,因为无连词；其次,最近的飞船上天事件已经发生,所以要用现在分词的完成式做状语, 加上分词的逻辑主语后, 构成独立主格结构。

现就英语独立主格结构归纳如下：

（一）、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式

独立主格结构（the absolute structure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如：

1）Night enshrouding the earth，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 对比: Because night enshrouded the earth， nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．

2)He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．

对比：He lay at full length upon his stomach and his head rested upon his left forearm．

（二）、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式

1. with常常用在独立主格结构前，构成介词短语作状语。这种用法中的with不表达什么意义，因而常可省略。请看例句：

1）With a revolver in his right hand， Johnny hurled his muscular body against the door and smashed it down with a crash．（约翰尼右手拿着左轮手枪，健壮的身体猛扑在门上，轰隆一

声把门撞开了。）

2）The traffic inched along，with horns honking．（汽车缓慢地向前挪着，喇叭声不断响着。）

2．名词＋介词短语

1）The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist，a bunch of flowers in his hands．（广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。）

3．名词＋形容词（短语）

2）The wretched boy，who has recently been dragged from the forest to scrub floors in the barracks，is now sweeping away the snow，his hands numb with cold．（那个可怜的小男孩最近刚刚从森林中被抓进兵营里打扫地板，现在他正在扫雪，手都冻麻了。）

4．名词＋副词

1）This little excitement over，nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion．（一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。）

（三）．独立主格结构常见出题形式及解题策略

独立主格结构是一常考项目，在各级各类考试中多以语法结构填空形式出现。例如：

1）All flights _____，we decided to take a greyhound．

A．were canceled B．had been canceled

C．having canceled D．having been canceled

2）The production ______ steadily，the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material．

A．has gone up B．is going up

C．having gone up D．being gone up

此类题型的解题策略可以概括为“结构分析法”，即首先分析句子结构，判断句子缺少的成分，同时注意主句与其他部分之间有无连接词，是否用逗号隔开。若有逗号而无连接词，则可对选项部分作如下初步判断：

1）选项部分可能会构成状语从句或非限制性定语从句（但二者必须由从属连词或关系代词、关系副词引导）；

2）选项部分可能会构成起状语作用的非谓语动词短语（但非谓语动词作状语时其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语）；

3）选项部分可能会构成起状语作用的独立主格结构（独立主格结构有自己的主语，并可扩展为状语从句或独立句子）。初步判断后，即可联系句子，对照选项，作出选择。

上述例题1）中的选项A和B与All flights构成了句子，但该句没有任何从属连词、关系代词或关系副词引导，与主句之间也无连接词，因而是错误的，应排除。选项C和D与All flights都可构成独立主格结构，作原因状语，但根据题意，应选D，因为“班机”是“被取消”的。 同样，例题2）中的选项A和B与名词 the production构成了句子，但该句无连接词连接两个句子，因而应排除。选项C和D与 the production都可构成独立主格结构，作原因状语，但根据题意，“产量在稳步增长”，在逻辑上是主谓关系，应用主动语态，所以应选C。 此外，独立主格结构也时常见于其他诸如Cloze Test等题型中，并能广泛运用于写作和翻译之中。可见，掌握了独立主格结构对于学生提高综合应试能力是大有裨益的。

（四）。单项选择。

1．Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker _____a separate task．

A．assigning B．assigned C．was assigned D．would be assigned

2．The lecture _____ ，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed

the speaker．

A．began B．beginning C．having begun D．being beginning

3．Such _____the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints．

A．being B．is C．was D．to be

4．Darkness_____in，the young people lingered on merrymaking．

A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set

5．With all factors_____，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal．

A．being considered B.considering C．considered D．are considered

6．A new technique_____，the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent．

A．to have been worked out B．having worked out

C．working out D．having been worked out

7．On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still，ears ______，alert，listening．

A．pointed B．pointing C．are pointed D．are pointing

8．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ，but our work ______，we declined the offer．

A．not being finished B．not having finished

C．had not been finished D．was not finished

9．There are various kinds of metals ，each ______ its own properties．

A．has B．had C．to have D．having

10．The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each______ one major point in contrast with the other．

A．makes B．made C．is to make D．making

三． 综合训练

（一）请用省略句或独立结构翻译以下的句子。

如果天气允许的话，我们明天去露营。

如果全面来考虑的话，这个计划还不错

由于明天要考试，我今晚就不能去看电影了。

老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。

昨天晚上，我拿着剑跟踪他来到这儿,然后又爬进来。

如果必要的话。我们会提前完成这件工作。

一旦它被加热，他就会融化。

.骑车的时候他摔断了腿。

我愿意为你做这件事，但我不知道该怎么做。

如果他们想走，他们可以走。

（二）单句改错

1．I wanted to kill the snake, but Tom told me not to do.

2. Why not to join us in the game?

3. If is possible, don’t shout at the deaf people.

4. When entered the room, he found everything is out of order.

5. John won’t go to the party even though inviting.

6. As time going on , the village is getting more and more beautiful.

7. Her child was ill, she asked for a three-day leave.

8. There were no buses, they had to walk home.

9. With his hands tie, he was brought in.

10. The work finishing, he could go home.

（三） 语法填空

语法填空专练一

In the small towns of the United States in the (nineteen) century, the general store was bought the things he couldn’t make grow at home. What the stores sold (tell) a great deal about clothing that they couldn’t make ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were (thank) for what they had and that they with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy (live) a life as we do now?

语法填空专练二

Do you feel difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tipshow (self) because unselfishness is the key factor (require) if you want to get along well with others. By (say) being unselfish we mean we not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in

people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to better. In this case, 语法填空专练三

(please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present (exam) systems which focus their (able). As soon as a child begins schoo, he enters a world of examination will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the (good) in their studies. In addition, such system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the examination.

There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as as their knowledge.

自立的句子(篇六)
《语法-独立结构》

自立的句子(篇七)
《7 专题七 句子仿写》

专题七 句子仿写

1．（2012·山东省临沂市）参照例句，仿写句子。

例句：自立是骨，没有了自立，人生就疲软了。

仿句：自信的 ， ， 。

自强是 ， ， 。

【答案】

示例：自信是血，没有了自信，人生就干瘪了。

自信是筋，没有了自强，人生就萎缩了。

2．（2012·重庆市）参照下面的示例，为“诗意的情趣”创设两种恰当的情境，分别

写在下面的横线上。要求：形象具体，句子形式不限。（4分）

示例：诗意的情趣就是——牵着手赤着脚漫步海边，听涛声，数远帆……

（1）诗意的情趣就是——

（2）诗意的情趣就是——

【答案】示例：骤然间的阵雨袭来，路人四散奔逃，你却悠然为我撑起一把伞；在大街

上见我鞋带松了，你半跪在地上为我系鞋带。（描写具体2分，形象生动2分）

3．（2012·贵州省安顺市）仿照下面的句式，再写一个关于语文的比喻句。（3 分）

有人说，语文是一本永远读不完的微型百科全书；有人说，语文是一个折射人生的多彩

世界；有人说， 。

【答案】例 1：语文是一棵枝繁叶茂、硕果累累的大树。例2：语文是一部荡气回肠的

交响乐。例 3：语文是一幅色彩斑斓的图画。

4．（2012·四川省凉山州）在横线上写一句子，使之构成结构整齐、内容关联的排比

句。（2分）

你用精神的食粮塑造了我的灵魂，你用知识的泉水浇灌了我的心

田， ，你用爱心的春分温暖了我的世界。

【答案】答案示例：你用思想的火把点燃了我的希望（结构严谨1分，内容关联1分）。

5．（2012·贵州省六盘水市）根据所给的例句仿写句子。(3分)

例句：书中自有千钟粟，书中自有黄金屋，书中自有颜如玉。

书中自有 ▲ ，书中自有 ▲ ，书中自有 ▲ 。

【答案】例一：书中自有悲与欢，书中自有离与合，书中自有乐与痛。 例二：书中

自有酸甜苦辣，书中自有悲欢离合，书中自有喜怒哀乐。

6．（2012·广东省梅州市）阅读下面文字，补写一个与划横线的句子句式相同、修辞

手法一致、语意连贯的句子。（4分）

善思则能“从无字处读书”。读沙漠，读出了它坦荡豪放的胸怀；读太阳，读出了它普照万物的无私； ， 。

【答案】（1）示例1：读春雨，读出了它润物无声的柔情。示例2：读大海，读出了它

气势磅礴的豪情。示例3：读石灰，读出了它粉身碎骨不变色的清白。

7．（2012·山东省东营市）仿照画线的部分再写两个句子。（2分）

；

【答案】答案示例：在严寒面前，它是烈火；在黑暗面前，它是灯光。或在荒漠面前，

它是甘泉；在泥泞面前，它是手杖。

8．（2012·浙江省杭州市）仿照示例，在“月亮”“雨水”“桥”中任选一个为对象，

从两个不同的角度进行描写。要求符合对象特点，恰当运用修辞。(3分)

[示例]筷子：①一对恩爱夫妻，共同品尝酸甜苦辣。②总是挑挑拣拣，到头来却两

手空空。

[仿句]

【答案】雨水――1从天空中欢快地飘落，花草荡漾出陶醉的笑意。2为了洗

去大地的尘土，惹得自己污浊满身。

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