2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解

导读：　2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇一：2007年英语专业八级考试听力真题MP3附试题及答案 ...

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2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇一：2007年英语专业八级考试听力真题MP3附试题及答案

2007年英语专业八级考试听力真题MP3附试题及答案

SECTION A Mini-lecture In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lecture once only. While listening, takenotes on the important points. You notes will not be marked, but you will need them tocomplete a gap-filling task for after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be giventwo minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task onAnswer sheet one. Use the blank sheet for note-tanking.

What Can We Learn from Art? I. Introduction

A. Differences between general history and art history — Focus: — general history: (1)_____

— art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc. B. Significance of study More information and better understanding of human society and civilization II. Types of information A. Information in history books is (2)_____ — facts, but no opinions

B. Information in art history is subjective — (3)_____ and opinions e.g. — Spanish painter's works: misuse of governmental power — Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems III. Art as a reflection of religious beliefs A. Europe: (4)_____ in pictures in churches

B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces Reason: human and (5)_____ are not seen as holy C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremonies Purpose: to seek the help of (6)_____ to protect crops, animals and people. IV. Perceptions of Art

How people see art is related to their cultural background. A. Europeans and Americans — (7)_____

— expression of ideas B. People in other places — part of everyday life

— (8)_____ use V. Art as a reflection of social changes A. Cause of changes: (9)_____ of different cultures.

B. Changes — tribal people: effects of (10)_____ on art forms — European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works — American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting

Now listen to the Mini-lecture.

Good morning, today’s lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so I’d liketo spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study arthistory? And what can we learn from it?

First of all, I’d say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about aculture than it’s possible to learn in general history classes. You know, most typical historycourses concentrate on politics,economics and war, but art history focuses on much morethan this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religiousbeliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can beprovided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremoniesthey held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and thestudy of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history booksand enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization.

The second point I’d like to make is about the type of information. In history books, informationis objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given,but opinions arenot expressed.Art, on the other hand, is subjective.It reflects personal emotions andopinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the firsttruly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shootinga group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol ofthe enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over itspeople. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artistsdepicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems.In summary, through art youcan find a personal and emotional view of history.

Thirdly, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religiousart was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings werefilled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of themain characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human andanimal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces,mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beautywith images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, sq

uares and triangles. The sameis true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs oftraditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art andit’s, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is differentfrom Christian art. Christian art influences people’s religious feelings towards God. But the goalof traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is the influence of spiritual powers, That is godsto enter people’s lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs and dancesto make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancersin the ceremonies wear masks， Head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary toinfluence gods. So these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art. As wesaid, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, theway that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. Formost Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wallor in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it:

"Oh,what a beautiful painting!" Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue,and admiring it,I might say:

"It makes such a strong anti-war statement." But in other places,art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has apractical role to play in people’s lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say:

"Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe." In brief, the way in which people enjoyor appreciate art depends on their culture. To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is areflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflectsthe changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. As peoplefrom tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and theirtraditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin tolearn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence onPicasso’s works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanesepainting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes moreinternational.

OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today’s lecture,

you’llunderstand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know moreabout human history, for example,people’s views and opinions about certain historical events,and what’s more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of artetc.

Now you have 2 minutes to check your notes. And then please complete the gap-filling task onAnswer Sheet 1 in 10 minutes.

Section B interview

In this section you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview

1. According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by

A. Unfavorable weather conditions.

B. Airports handling capacity.

C. Inadequate ticketing service.

D. Overbooking.

2. Which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fightout?

A. Free ticket.

B Free phone call

C. Cash reward

D. Seat reservation

3. Why does Niget suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?

A Because all flights in and out of there are full.

B. Because the volume of traffic is heavy.

C. Because there are more popular flights.

D. Because there are more delays and cancellations.

4. According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except.

A Booking on less popular flights.

B. buying tickets at full price.

C. carrying excessive luggage.

D. planning long business trips.

5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent’s volume of business.

B. Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper.

C. It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance.

D. arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel

W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now,what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays? M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airportshave a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.

W: So what seems to be the problem?

M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraftare scheduled to take off between 5 p. m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 anhour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh,you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane,and then the planes have to line up to take off.

W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.

M: Certainly. And another problem that’s very common is over-booking. Quite often you hearan announcement on the airport loudspeakers:

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇二：2007年英语专业八级真题_答案

2007年英语专业八级真题 答案

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

题 1 - 10

[原文]

Good morning, today's lecture, is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so I'd like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from it?

First of all, I'd say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture, than it's possible to learn in general history classes. You know, most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization.

The second point I'd like to make is about the type of information. In history books, information is objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history.

Thirdly, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. The same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art and it's, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is different from Christian art. Christian art

Pacific Islands is the influence of spiritual powers, that is gods to enter people's lives. Each tribe or village there had special ceremonies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary to influence gods. SO these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art.

As we said, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: "Oh, what a beautiful painting!" Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue, and admiring it, 1 might say: "It makes such a strong antiwar statement." But in other places, art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has a practical role to play in people's lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: "Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe." In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on their culture.

To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picasso's works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international.

OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today's lecture, you'll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about human history, for example, people's views and opinions about certain historical events, and what's more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.

What Can We Learn from Art?

Ⅰ.Introduction

A. Differences between general history and art history

--Focus :

--general history: (1)

--art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.

B. Significance of study

More information and better understanding of human society and civilization.

Ⅱ.Types of information

A. Information in hi story book is (2)

--facts, but no opinions

B. Information in art history is subjective

-- (3) and opinions

e.g. --Spanish painters' works: misuse of governmental power

--Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems

Ⅲ.Art as a reflection of religious beliefs

A. Europe: (4) in pictures in churches

Reason: human and (5) are not seen as holy

C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special

ceremonies

Purpose: to seek the help of (6) to protect crops, animals and people

Ⅳ. Perceptions of Art

How people see art is related to their cultural background

A. Europeans and Americans

-- (7)

--expression of ideas

B. People in other places

--part of everyday life

-- (8) use

Ⅴ. Art as a reflection of social changes

A. Cause of changes: (9) of different cultures

B. Changes

--tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms

--European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works

--American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting

1.economics and war 2.objective 3.personal emotions 4.the Bible 5.animal images 6.the God

7.decoration 8.practical 9. influence; interaction 10.urbanization

SECTION B

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET. 题 11 - 15

[原文]

W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?

M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.

W: So what seems to be the problem?

M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.

W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.

M: Certainly. And another problem that's very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: "We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. " If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation

W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.

M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I don't quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airline's computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.

W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?

M: rd say "Avoid big airports if you can". The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is "Be prepared for delays". Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.

W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?

M: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.

W: Oh, I see.

M: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.

W: Excuse me, what is RTW?

M: Round the World. For example, if you're going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore, and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket to a destination beyond it's cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New York may be cheaper than one straight from London to New York.

W: Oh, that's very useful information.

M: And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most people's efficiency and energy start to fall off after two weeks away. So my advice is "Keep your trip short", only go for two weeks and never for a longer than three. Another point is "Don't expect everything to go according to plan". You need to learn to expect the unexpected. There may be a typhoon in summer or your taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, don't be optimistic about plans and don't schedule important meetings too closely together. You need to allow time for delays and break-downs. W: Yeah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan their trips.

M: And another thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. Take discounts for example, a good travel agent can get first-class ticket for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume of business and he can get discounts with airlines on his own behalf. He should pass them on to you. So make sure he indeed does.

W: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight or being stuck for a weekend in some dreadful place. Are there any ways avoiding that?

M: Yes. We can break or stop over in a more relaxing or lively place. It's often available at special cheap weekend rate. Various airlines and hotel chains offer these. And it's always more pleasant to stay a night in a hotel than on a plane even if you travel business-class.

W: Yes. OK, thank you, Nigel, for all the useful information and advice.

M: Pleasure!

11.

According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by ________.

[A] Unfavorable weather conditions. [B] Airports handling capacity. [C] Inadequate ticketing service. [D] Overbooking.

[参考答案] B

12.

which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fight out?

[A] Free ticket. [B] Free phone call [C] Cash reward [D] Seat reservation

[参考答案] C

13.

Why does Nigel suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?

[A] Because all flights in and out of there are full. [B] Because the volume of traffic is heavy.

[C] Because there are more popular flights. [D] Because there are more delays and cancellations.

[参考答案] B

14.

According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except ________.

[A] Booking on less popular flights. [B] buying tickets at full price. [C] carrying excessive luggage. [D] planning long business trips.

[参考答案] D

15.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

[A] The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent's volume of business. [B] Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper. [C] It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance. [D] Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.

[参考答案] C

SECTION C

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET. 题 16

[原文]

The death toll rose to 74 on Tuesday in Japan's deadliest rail crash in decades as crews pulled more victims from the wreckage. Investigators focused on whether excessive speed or the driver's inexperience had caused the train to derail and slam into an apartment building. The 7-car commuter train carrying 580 passengers left the rails Monday morning in Amagasaki, a suburb of Osaka, about 250 miles west of Tokyo, it injured more than 440 people.

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇三：2007年英语专业八级考试真题与答案

2007年英语专业八级考试真题与答案

来源：考试大 2007/3/31 【考试大：中国教育考试第一门户】 模拟考场 视频课程

Section B interview

In this section you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview

1. According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by

A. Unfavorable weather conditions.

B. Airports handling capacity.√

C. Inadequate ticketing service.

D. Overbooking.

2. which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fight out?

A. Free ticket.

B. Free phone call

C. Cash reward√

D. Seat reservation

3. Why does Niget suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?

A. Because all flights in and out of there are full.

B. Because the volume of traffic is heavy.√

C. Because there are more popular flights.

D. Because there are more delays and cancellations.

4. According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except.

A. Booking on less popular flights.

B. buying tickets at full price.

C. carrying excessive luggage.

D. planning long business trips.√

5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent’s volume of business.

B. Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper.

C. It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance.√

D. Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.

SECTION C NEWS BROACAST

In this section you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.

6 what happened on Monday?

A. A train crash occurred causing minor injuries.

B. Investigator found out the cause of the accident.

C. Crews rescued more passengers from the site.

D. A commuter train crashed into a building.√

Question 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

7.Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20 meeting?

A. Iraq debts

B. WTO talks

C. Financial disasters√

D. Possible sanctions

8. The G20 is a(n)________ organization.

A. International√

B. European

C. Regional

D. Asian

Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions

9.The UN Charter went into effect after

A. It was signed by the 50 original member countries.

B. It was approved by the founders and other member countries.

C. It was approved by the founding members√

D. It was signed by the founding members.

10. Which of the following best describe the role of the charter?

A. The Charter only describes powers of the UN bodies.

B. The Charter mainly aims to promote world economy.

C. The charter is a treaty above all other treaties.√

D. The charter authorizes reforms in UN bodies.

来源:考试大-专四专Part2 Reading Comprehension (30min)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.

Text A

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.

The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.

The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.

Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.

“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.

“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally

comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”

11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to

A. maintain the present status among the nations.

B. reduce legislative powers of England.

C. create a better state of equality among the nations. √

D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.

12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means

A. separatist.√

B. conventional.

C. feudal.

D. political

13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT

A. people’s desire for devolution.

B. locals’ turnout for the voting.

C. powers of the legislative body.

D. status of the national language.√

14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity

A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.

B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.√

C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.

D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.

15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is

A. people’s mentality. √

B. pop culture.

C. town’s appearance.

D. possibilities for the people.

来源:考试大-专四专八考试八考试

Text B

Getting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.

Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favour and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June’s municipal elections. The next such elections aren’t until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women’s political rights for years. Ironically, the democratically elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Parliament today, people who voted yes didn’t even shake hands with me,” said one Shia clerc. “Why can’t we respect each other and work together?”

Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don’t insult their emir, naturally) and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical and engineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.

In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK’s Arabic edition, some Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party’s entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world’s answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn’t dance for us, alas, since shaking one’s body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn’t stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. You’d think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait’s younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait’s archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duck

Strict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service .At Pizza Hut, I thought I’d got an answer after encountering a young woman who looked

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇四：2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案

2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案

TEM8-2012

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)

-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN

PART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Observation Behaviour

People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.

A. Differences

---- daily life observation

--casual

--(1) ________

--defendence on memory

---- research observation

-- (2) _________

-- careful record keeping

B. Ways to select samples in research

---- time sampling

-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour

-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______

Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. ---- (4) _______

-- definition: selection of different locations

-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances -- (6) ______: more objective observations

C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______

---- observation with intervention

-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant

-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions

---- observation without intervention

-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______

-- (10) ______ : no intervention

-- researcher: a passive recorder

SECTION B INTERVIEW

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.

1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?

A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.

B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.

C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.

D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.

2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity

A. appears to be the result of the environment.

B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.

C. appears to be more associated with great people.

D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.

3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?

A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?

A. Unconventional. B. Original.

C. Resolute. D. Critical.

5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view that

A. brain exercising will not make people creative.

B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.

C. the environment is significant in the creative process.

D. creativity can only be found in great people.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.

6. What is the news item mainly about?

A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.

B. An international space station was set up.

C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.

D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.

Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.

7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?

A. India. B. The Philippines.

C. Egypt. D. Not mentioned.

8. What is the main purpose of the study?

A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.

B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.

C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.

D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.

9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.

A. 0.6 percent B. 3.4 percent

C. 4 percent D. 3 percent

10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

TEXT A

I used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.

It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.

Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.

Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and

bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.

Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.

Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.

To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.

In a word: alarming.

Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.

Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.

Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.

Gulp.

My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.

More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.

(One gallon =3.8 litres)

11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint Network

A. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.

B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.

C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.

D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.

12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?

A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.

B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.

C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.

D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.

13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" means

A. how I could contribute to water conservation. B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water. C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving. D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.

14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact that

A. he was having more meat and coffee.

B. his clothes used even more virtual water.

C. globally there will be less fresh water.

D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.

15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example of

A. exaggeration. B. analogy.

C. understatement. D. euphemism.

16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?

A. Sarcastic. B. Ironic. C. Critical. D. Humorous.

TEXT B

In her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"

Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.

Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!

It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.

Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.

Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇五：2008年英语专业八级真题和答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)

-GRADE EIGHT-

TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN

PART I

SECTION A

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. The Popularity of English

I. Present status of English

A. English as a native/first language

B. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people

whose (1)______ are different

C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:

— 320-380 million native speakers

— 250- (2) _____ million speakers of English as a second language (2)_______

II. Reasons for the popular use of English

A. (3) ____ reasons (3)_______ — the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America;

— British settlers brought the language to Australia; — English was used as a means of control in (4)_____ (4)_______

B. Economic reasons

— spread of (5) _____ (5)_______

— language of communication iii the international business community C. (6)______ in international travel

and tourism (6)_______ — use of English in travel (1)_______ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) MINI-LECTURE

— signs in airports

— language of announcement

— language of (7) ______ (7)_______ D. Information exchange

— use of English in the academic world

— language of (8) _____ or journal articles (8)_______ E. Popular culture

— pop music on (9)______ (9)_______ — films from the USA

III. Questions to think about

A. status of English in the future

B. (10) ______ of distinct varieties of English (10)_______

SECTION B

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the conversation.

1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport because ________.

A. the existing airports are to be wasted

B. more people will be encouraged to travel

C. more oil will be consumed

D. more airplanes will be purchased CONVERSATION

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?

A. More people in the area.

B. Noise and motorways.

C. Waste of land.

D. Unnecessary travel.

3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPT

A. more job opportunities

B. vitality to the local economy

C. road construction,

D. presence of aircrew in the area

4. Mary thinks that people don't need to do much travel nowadays as a result of ________.

A. less emphasis on personal contact

B. advances in modern telecommunications

C. recent changes in people's concepts

D. more potential damage to the area

5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Mary's ideas,

A. strongly in favour of

B. mildly in favour of

C. strongly against

D. mildly against

SECTION C

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.

Now listen to the news.

6. What is the main idea of the news item?

A. A new government was formed after Sunday's elections.

B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.

C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.

D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment. NEWS BROADCAST

Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.

7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored in ________.

A. a U.S. government archives warehouse

B. a NASA ground tracking station

C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre

D. none of the above places

8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?

A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.

B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.

C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.

D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.

9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to show ________.

A. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetent

B. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations

C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment

D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences

10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinics ________.

A. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters

B. have realized the problems of language barriers

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇六：2006年英语专业八级真题及答案

PartⅠ. Listening Comprehension (Section A)

1.(the)author(s)/ (the)writer(s)

2.other works/ the other works/ others

works/ other/ the other

3.(the)literary trend(s)/ literature trend(s)/ literary tendency/ literature tendency/ literature tradition

4. grammar/ image(s)/diction/ use of image(s)

5. cultural code(s)/ culture code(s)

Literary tradition/ cultural/ culture/ code(s)/ cultural tradition

6. cultural/ culture

7. (the) reader(s)

8. social

9. reader competency/ reader(’s) competence

competency/ competence/ competent

reader

10. social system(s)/ social structure(s)/ literary traditions/ political influence(s)/ cultural influence(s)/ personal influence(s)

Part Ⅳ. Proofreading and Error Correction

1. agreeing --------agreed

2. ∧words----------these/those words

3. in the disposal --------at the disposal

4. enables--------enable

5. delete ―the‖ before ―other English speakers‖

6. old------ older

7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended

8. delete ―it‖ before ―for granted‖

9. And ----- Yet; However

10. ∧most ------ the most striking

Ambition(写作用,影响类)

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision. It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life. Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, ―And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.‖ Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated. This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.

First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission. No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice. Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission. And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness. Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition ―I came, I saw, I conquered.‖ And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome. John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some ―mighty lines‖ which England would unwillingly for

get, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.

In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials. Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano. A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller. It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.

Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction. If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others. Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon. It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering. Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland. However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan. Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.

To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves. A poet says: life can be bad; life can be good; life can be dirty; life can be sad,; life can even be painful. In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition.

作文原题

Joseph epstein, a famous american writer,once said"we decide what

is important and what is trivial in life we decide that what makes us

significant is either what we do or what we refuse todo but no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these

choices and decisions are ours to make. we decide. we choose.and as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. in the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about

do you agree or disagree with him? write an eassay of about 400 words entitled:

AMBITION

in the first part of your essay you should state clearly your opinion in response to epstein'view

in the second give details ........

in the end , give a conclusion...(略写)

[size=4]阅读理解[/size]

11-15 BAACD 16-20 CDBAC 21-25BABAB 26-30 DCBAB

11-15 BAACD 16-20 CDBAC 21-25BABAB 26-30 DCBAB

TEXT A

The University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.

The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University – a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world’s great libraries.

Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a ―college education in a box‖ could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇七：2006年英语专业八级真题和答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)

-GRADE EIGHT-

PART I

SECTION A

LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35MIN) MINI-LECTURE

In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

Meaning in literatine

In reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.

I. Meaning is what is intended by (1) ______________________________ ( 1 ) _______ Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to

1 )read (2) _______ by the same author;

2) get familiar with (3) ____ at the time;

3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.

II. Meaning exists "in" the text itself. •

1) some people's view meaning is produced by the formal properties of the (2) ________ (3) ________

text like (4) _______ , etc. (4) ________

2) speaker's view meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and

(5)' _________________________________________________________ (5) ________ Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and

conventions of usage. But different time periods and different (6) ________ (6) ____ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text.

IQ. Meaning is created by (7) ____________________________________ (7) ________

1) meaning is (8) ___________________________________ (8) ________

2) meaning is contextual;

3) meaning requires (9) _______________________________________(9) ________ —practicing competency in reading

—practicing other competencies

—background research. in (10) , etc. (10) SECTION B

INTERVIEW

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green's university days?

A. She felt bored.

B. She felt lonely.

C. She cherished them.

D. The subject was easy.

2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of

Employment?

A. Doing surveys at workplace.

B. Analyzing survey results.

C. Designing questionnaires.

D. Taking a psychology course.

3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of

Employment and the advertising agency lies in ________.

A. the nature of work

B. office decoration

C. office location

D. work procedures

4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?

A. She felt unhappy inside the company.

B. She felt work there too demanding.

C. She was denied promotion in the company.

D. She longed for new opportunities.

5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?

A. She was willing and ready.

B. She sounded mildly eager.

C. She a bit surprised.

D. She sounded very reluctant.

SECTION C

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 6 and 7 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.

Now listen to the news.

6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to ________.

A. destroy the European Central Bank

B. have an interview with a TV station

C. circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt

D. remember the death of a US astronaut NEWS BROADCAST

7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?

A. He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.

B. He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.

C. He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.

D. He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.

Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.

Now listen to the news.

8. The news is mainly about the city government's plan to ________.

A. expand and improve the existing subway system

B. build underground malls and parking lots

C. prevent further land subsidence

D. promote advanced technology

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇八：2010年英语专业八级真题及答案

2010年英语专业八级真题及答案

PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.

Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood

and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.

“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.

“When will it be decided?”

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.

11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT

A. taking foreign tourists around the city.

B. providing transport to school children.

C. carrying store supplies and purchases

D. carrying people over short distances.

12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?

A. They come from a relatively poor area.

B. They are provided with decent accommodation.

C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.

D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,

A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.

B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.

C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.

D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.

14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people

A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.

B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.

D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.

15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?

A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)

B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)

C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).

D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)

16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest

A. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.

B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.

C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.

D. the slowness in processing options.

TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).

The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in

most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.

Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."

Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.

Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.

But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.

How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇九：2011年英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)

GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

Classifications of Cultures

According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.

I. High-context culture

A. feature

- context: more important than the message

- meaning: (1)__________

i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself

B. examples

- personal space

- preference for (3)__________

- less respect for privacy / personal space

- attention to (4)___________

- concept of time

- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time

- no concern for punctuality

- no control over time

II. Low-context culture

A. feature

- message: separate from context

- meaning: (6)___________

B. examples

- personal space

- desire / respect for individuality / privacy

- less attention to body language

- more concern for (7)___________

- attitude toward time

- concept of time: (8)____________

- dislike of (9)_____________

- time seen as commodity

III. Conclusion

Awareness of different cultural assumptions

- relevance in work and life

e.g. business, negotiation, etc.

- (10)_____________ in successful communication

参考答案：

(1) context of message

(2) what's happening / the context

(3) closeness to people

(4) body language

(5) poly-chronic

(6) message itself

(7) the message

(8) mono-chronic

(9) lateness

(10) great influence / significance

TIPS：

(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。

(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。

(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people.”可得出答案。

(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。

(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。

(6) 根据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。

(7) 根据原文“And you'll also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because as I said, the message is, the message is everything.”可得出答案。

(8) 原文提到在low-context culture中，人们对时间的态度可称为mono-chronic。

(9) 根据原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出答案。

(10) 根据文章末尾部分“If you're in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you're

dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it's going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”可知，在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中，与来自不同文化的人打交道时，这些想法对成功的交际起着非常重要的作用。

script:

Classifications of Cultures

Good morning, everyone! Today, we'll look at culture or rather classifications of cultures. Usually, when we deal with different people, we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it's possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. We got in such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language. But he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called high-context to low-context.

OK, what is a high-context culture? A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.

Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space. Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeness to people. And they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when they're talking to you. They might touch more. And if they're jostled in a crowd, they won't feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself. And part of the context is body language.

Second, in terms of time. People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time. Here, "poly" means multiple and "chronic" means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events have their own time. And there can't be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you can't emphasize punctuality. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So, there's a different attitude toward time; there's no set standard of time; you can't control time; everything has its own sense of time. So it's a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.

Now, let's move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. That the message, the event, the action has meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture, is that people pay more attention to the event itself rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, there's more emphasis on individuality. So the concept of privacy is very, very important. Whereas before, as I said, in a high-context culture, they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But in a low-context culture,

there's a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don't knock on doors before entering, that's an invasion of privacy. People feel violated. There's a respect and a desire for privacy. And you'll also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because as I said, the message is, the message is everything. They are not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing, or what you do is the important thing. Another example of a low-context culture is people's attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before, there was a poly-chronic sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? Mono-chronic? Right! A mono-chronic sense of time and by that we mean that there's one time. And that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there's one standard of time. And that should be for everything. And so I am not willing to hear "Oh, the traffic was heavy. That's why I'm late" or "Oh, I slept late". People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time. There shouldn't be all this flexibility with time and they expect punctuality. And they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like "use time, to waste time, to spend time or time is money". All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold on to.

So, what this is all about is that, Hall stresses that people need to be aware of these different assumptions or concepts about reality. And he thinks that this has all kinds of relevance no matter what you're doing. If you're in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you're dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it's going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.

OK, today we've taken a brief look at Edward Hall's view of culture, mainly his classification of high- or low-context culture with some examples. Next week, we'll look at some more examples of cultures on a continuum between high-context and low-context cultures.

SECTION B INTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now, listen to the interview.

1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?

A. Differences between two languages.

B. Declining capacity to learn syntax.

C. Lack of time available.

D. Absence of motivation.

参考答案： B

TIP：答案选B。Harley博士提到有研究表明，语言特别是句法方面的学习在12岁以后更难。

2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?

A. It's natural for language learners to make errors.

B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.

C. There exist differences between English and Czech.

D. Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.

参考答案： D

TIP：答案选D。Harley博士提到有研究发现学习英语的捷克人会在相同的捷克语和英语句法上犯错，因此证明了语言学习者的困难也可能来自相似性。

3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?

A. The traditional method.

B. The audiolingual method.

C. The immersion method.

D. The direct method.

参考答案： A

TIP：答案选A。因为其他三种方法都要求或强调口语，而传统方法强调语法教学。

4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?

A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.

B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.

C. The monitor hypothesis.

D. The active filter hypothesis.

参考答案： C

TIP：答案选C。当Harley博士在解释monitor hypothesis时，他提到monitor会使用语法规则，电台主持人向他确认是否这意味着学习者运用语言知识确保所说和所写的正确无误，Harley博士的回答是肯定的。

5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?

A. Causes of language learning difficulties.

B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.

C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.

D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.

参考答案： B

TIP：答案选B。其他三项在对话中均有提及，D项没有提及。

script:

Woman: Good morning, Dr. Harley! Thank you very much for coming on our radio talk. We know that you're an applied linguist specializing in second language acquisition.

Dr. Harley: Right!

Woman: So, today, um, we'll look at this issue. Now, first, Dr. Harley, could you please tell us

2007年英语专业八级真题及答案详解篇十：2009年英语专业八级考试真题及参考答案

2009年英语专业八级考试试题附听力mp3

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While

listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need

them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be

given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling

task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Writing Experimental Reports

I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.

--- study subject/ area

--- study purpose

--- ____1____

II. Presentation of an experimental report

--- providing details

--- regarding readers as _____2_____

III.Structure of an experimental report

--- feature: highly structured and ____3____

--- sections and their content:

INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it

METHOD how you did it

RESULT what you found out

____5____ what you think it shows

IV. Sense of readership

--- ____6____: reader is the marker

--- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study

--- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:

 introduction to relevant area

necessary background information

 development of clear arguments

definition of technical terms

precise description of data ____8____

V. Demands and expectations in report writing

--- early stage:

 understanding of study subject/area and its implications

basic grasp of the report's format

--- later stage:

____9____ on research significance

--- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:

inadequate material

____10____ of research justification for the study

SECTION B INTERVIEW

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the

questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10

seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills.

B. Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers.

C. Toastmasters accepts members from the general public.

D. Toastmasters is an exclusive club for professional speakers.

2. The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPT

A. becoming familiar with various means of communication.

B. learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.

C. becoming aware of audience expectations.

D. learning how to get along with friends.

3. Toastmasters' general approach to training can be summarized as

A. practice plus overall training.

B. practice plus lectures.

C. practice plus voice training.

D. practice plus speech writing.

4. Toastmasters aims to train people to be all the following EXCEPT

A. public speakers.

B. grammar teachers.

C. masters of ceremonies.

D. evaluators.

5. The interview mainly focuses on

A. the background information.

B. the description of training courses.

C. the requirements of public speaking.

D. the overall personal growth.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the

questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 6 and 7 are'based on the foUowing news. At the end of the news item, you will be

given 20 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.

6. Which of the following is the main cause of global warming?

A. Fossil fuel.

B. Greenhouse gases.

C. Increased dryness.

D. Violent storm patterns.

7. The news item implies that ______ in the last report.

A. there were fewer studies done

B. there were fewer policy proposals

C. there was less agreement

D. there were fewer objectives

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