skimming和scanning的先后

导读：　skimming和scanning的先后篇一：skimming and scanning ...

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skimming和scanning的先后篇一：skimming and scanning

skimming和scanning的先后篇二：skimming & scanning

快速阅读技巧skimming(略读/跳读)和scanning(查阅)

略读(skimming)是常用的阅读方法之一,其主要特征是选择性地阅读。通常的阅

读要求看到每一个词,每次注目看1-2个词.

阅读技巧，特别是速度技巧中，有两个重要的方法：Skimming＆Scanning。

Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。一篇文章的大意是有重点的。比如，当出现

first second的这种归类总结的地方，或because，as a result这样的因果关系，

或是 but，however的语意转折处，都需要格外留心。托福文章讲述主要观点之

后通常会有for example来佐证，如果看懂了主要观点，那么对示例所用的时间

和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意

时是非常重要的。

Scanning是“扫描”，但具体到阅读中，大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。在有

意识地去查某个生词的时候，我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找

到想要的。几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下，脑中只有要找的字，看到它，其他

的地方都像没有看到一样。在托福的阅读中，scanning的技巧在回答问题时，

根据题干中问到的内容，在文章中scan，可以帮助考生准确地定位，找到答案。 Skimming and scanning

1. skimming在牛津词典当中的解释是：“read quickly，noting only the chief

points”在韦氏词典里的的解释是 “to read，study，or examine superficially and

rapidly； especially：to glance through (as a book) for the chief ideas or the plot”

从这里我们不难看出，scanning主要是用来抓住文章的主要要点的(chief

points)，尤其是在韦氏词典里的解释，它让我们彻底地弄清了这一方法的具体含

义“找一篇文章的主要论点或是文章的高潮”。实际上，这就是一种整体阅读的

方法。

据此，我们便可以在阅读的过程当中使用这种方法来找寻文章的主旨大意。

说的具体点，也就是通过抓住每一自然段的中心论点或中心句来判断一篇文章的

大意。而对于记叙文来说，每段的中心句是比较不好找的，那么在教学中可以引

导学生在阅读的时候就应该抓住故事发展的线索以及故事的起因、经过和结果。

在阅读的时候一定要注意，不管后面的题目里有没有考查主旨大意或要求选

最佳标题，我们都必须通过抓住每段的中心意思从而掌握整篇文章的大意和中心

思想——因为文章里的每个单词、每个句子、每个段落都是为这个中心服务的，

无论是考查细节理解或是推断或作者态度，都离不开这个中心思想。

2. scanning在牛津词典当中的解释是“glace at quickly but not very thoroughly”

在韦氏词典当中的解释是：“to glance from point to point of often hastily，casually，

or in search of a particular item (scan the want ads looking for a job)”

家里有扫描仪的朋友可能知道scan的意思是“扫描”。其实“扫描”和两本字

典里对于这种阅读方法的描述并不矛盾——为了寻找某一特定信息而大致地快

速地浏览。

这种阅读方法尤其适合于广告类题目，因为广告类题目大部分的情况下都是信息

对比题——大家先看题目，找出定位词，然后再到文章里找相关信息，最后进行

对比；这个过程其实就是scanning，换句话说，我们没有必要把一则广告从头到尾地、逐字逐句地阅读，只要找准定位词，快速地在文章内“扫描”出定位词，问题也就迎刃而解。

适合这种方法的不仅仅是广告题材中的信息对比题，很多考查细节理解类的题目也大多可以使用这种方法，如词义推测、数字计算等。当然，其他文体的阅读在使用这一方法的时候，千万不要忘了联系文章的主旨大意和作者的态度观点。

skimming和scanning的先后篇三：skimming&scanning 区别

skimming/scanning = reading abilities?

Reading abilities are more than skills of skimming/scanning/summing up. AWARENESS of choosing and identifying appropriate reading methods/skills for a particular purpose of the reading should have had priority over skills themselves. While students are trained to skim/scan/sum up/look into details, they are seldom reminded of noticing under what circumstances they should skim rather than scan, or scan rather than look into details... So many students will practice the reading skills WHEN THEY ARE TOLD TO, but many are just unable to adopt the suitable reading skill for their own reading AUTOMATICALLY or INITIATIVELY.

For teaching/learning the lessons in textbooks, there may be different focuses: contents, structures, language styles, stands and intentions, writing strategies... And teachers can help students gradually see these through activities at different cognitive levels, like identifying, comparing, analyzing, reorganizing... So when to teach what? That should depend on the reading purpose, the reading materials and the identity of readers themselves.

I don't mean skills of skimming/scanning/... are not important, but it's ridiculous if students are just trained on the skills over and over without realizing when and where to use the particular skills. This is like a person who can run fast doesn't know it's right time he should run away the best he can when danger is coming. Unfortunately, the awareness of choosing the right reading skill is almost ignored in many reading teaching.

本文摘自华附一特级英语教师博客。

skimming和scanning的先后篇四：Skimming and Scanning

skimming和scanning的先后篇五：英语教学中的skimming&scanning

英语阅读中的skimming和scanning

作者： 发布时间：2008-09-23 14:33:28

1. skimming在牛津词典当中的解释是：“read quickly， noting only the chief points”在韦氏词典里的的解释是 “to read， study， or examine superficially and rapidly; especially： to glance

through (as a book) for the chief ideas or the plot”

从这里我们不难看出，scanning主要是用来抓住文章的主要要点的(chief points)，尤其是在韦氏词典里的解释，它让我们彻底地弄清了这一方法的具体含义“找一篇文章的主要论点或是文章的高潮”。实

际上，这就是一种整体阅读的方法。

据此，我们便可以在阅读的过程当中使用这种方法来找寻文章的主旨大意。说的具体点，也就是通过抓住每一自然段的中心论点或中心句来判断一篇文章的大意。而对于记叙文来说，每段的中心句是比较不

好找的，那么大家在阅读的时候就应该抓住故事发展的线索以及故事的起因、经过和结果。 大家在阅读的时候一定要注意，不管后面的题目里有没有考查主旨大意或要求选最佳标题，我们都必须通过抓住每段的中心意思从而掌握整篇文章的大意和中心思想——因为文章里的每个单词、每个句子、每个段落都是为这个中心服务的，无论是考查细节理解或是推断或作者态度，都离不开这个中心思想。

2. scanning在牛津词典当中的解释是“glace at quickly but not very thoroughly ”在韦氏词典当中的解释是：“ to glance from point to point of often hastily， casually， or in search of a particular

item (scan the want ads looking for a job)”

家里有扫描仪的朋友可能知道scan的意思是“扫描”。其实“扫描”和两本字典里对于这种阅读方法

的描述并不矛盾——为了寻找某一特定信息而大致地快速地浏览。

这种阅读方法尤其适合于广告类题目，因为广告类题目大部分的情况下都是信息对比题——大家先看题目，找出定位词，然后再到文章里找相关信息，最后进行对比;这个过程其实就是scanning，换句话说，我们没有必要把一则广告从头到尾地、逐字逐句地阅读，只要找准定位词，快速地在文章内“扫描”出定

位词，问题也就迎刃而解。

适合这种方法的不仅仅是广告题材中的信息对比题，很多考查细节理解类的题目也大多可以使用这种方法，如词义推测、数字计算等。当然，其他文体的阅读在使用这一方法的时候，千万不要忘了联系文章

的主旨大意和作者的态度观点。

那么建议大家在做题的时候按照以下步骤来：

第一步：看文章后题目，分析定位词，并用笔标出以加深印象

第二步：阅读文章。从头到尾把文章通读一遍，注意每段的中心句或中心思想，留心题目当中标出的信息;但是阅读的中途不要停顿下来去考虑单词、词组或句子的意思，不管懂还是不懂，一律跳过。 第三步：先做细节题，注意对比题目和文章当中相应信息在表述方式上的不同，要特别注意两者在用

词上的区别——考的往往就是这个词!

第四步：在作完细节题并对于文章内容有了更深理解的基础之上完成主旨大意题，最佳标题题

skimming和scanning的先后篇六：大英四级-快速阅读Skimming and Scanning

第一部分：大学英语四级阅读

I 快速阅读（Skimming and Scanning)做题技巧与练习

快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)题量为10题，1到7题为是非判断或选择题， 8到10题为完成句子(填空题)。

采用一至两篇较长篇幅的文章或多篇短文，总长度在1000左右。

要求：考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信息。

题型：是非判断、选择题、句子填空完成句子等。

快速阅读 (Skimming and Scanning)

什么是 “skimming”?

略读即快读或简略地读。

目的：以浏览全文的方法去了解作者的主题或主旨，以便对全文有个总体意思和结构的了解。 速度：普通速度的2倍。

方法：可略去一些文字不读，如读者感觉到已抓住内容的主要意思，可以省去半个段落甚至更多部分不读；把主要精力放在关键词和关键句上。

需要仔细阅读的地方：文章的开始段及结束段；每段的段首句及段尾句。（“工”字型阅读法）

什么是 “scanning” ?

查询阅读（Scanning）

查询阅读又称查读或寻读。也是一种快读。但不同于略读。

目的：为寻找文章中某些特定的信息带着问题去寻找答案，如数字、人名、地名、某一细节等。

方法：读者首先确定所要搜寻的信息的关键词进行快速寻读，忽略无关部分。

1、快速阅读的应试策略

1.1 文章分类

1) 带小标题的文章: 文章每一部分,都有一个总括性的小标题,小标题一般概括这一部分的主题;

2) 不带小标题的文章: 没有明显的每一部分的分隔,需通过略读找出主题句或主题词(特别关注首段或段尾).

2. 命题规律

规律一: 问题设置顺序与行文顺序基本一致;

规律二: 问题通常为文章的主要内容及与主要内容紧密联系的细节;

规律三: 包含数字,年代,人名,地名,机构名称等显著信息及用于描述或修饰主要内容的从句,短语等往往是命题的重点.

3、快速阅读选择题的做法

做法与深度阅读题型相似，但是难度相对较低，正确的选项往往是原文内容的直接重现，或者是简单的同义替换。一般只要根据题干信息准确定位，就可以比较轻松地找出正确选项。 快速阅读做题方法

i) 用Skimming 方法快速掌握文章的主旨及文章结构。

ii) 快速浏览每个题（无需看选项），将每个题的关键词划出来。

iii)开始做题，遵循先易后难的原则，

11或Silicon等，是一目了然的)然后仔细阅读该句如需要还要读该句的上下文做出判断。

5. 填空题的命题思路

思路一: 有时填入空白处的代词、名词的单复数或动词的时态需要根据题干信息进行调整。

思路二: 有时与空格相邻的单词是判断应填入信息的关键。出题人会在中间加入修饰成分或插入语，给考生判断应填信息造成困难。

快速阅读填空题练习

原文：Today, people are no longer afraid to be forgotten during their waiting for chance.

题干：In the past, people________________________during waiting for chance.

原文为一般现在时，但题干中有时间状语in the past, 所以应把原文的时态改为过去时，即应填入的应是were afraid to be forgotten。

原文：The solution turned out to be advertising, and it’s not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that’s the source of nearly all its revenue.

题干：The revenue of the Google company is largely generated from___________________. “that”代指原文前半部分中的advertising,即为应填入空格的信息。

快速阅读（Skimming and Scanning)练习:

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

例文 1

There’s an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just can’t get started,” people say. But it’s not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.

What you’re seeking is not physical energy. It’s emotional energy. Yet, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.

And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child, I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who, despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed.

Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can’t simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.

1. Do something new.

Very little that’s new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It’s like a tire with a slow leak. You don’t notice it at first, but eventually you’ll get a flat. It’s up to you to plug the leak—even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That’s where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago.

Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline—a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.

Here’s a challenge: If it’s something you wouldn’t ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you’ve never eaten. Listen to music you’d ordinarily tune out. You’ll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.

2. Reclaim life’s meaning.

So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale.

The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something,” she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” Ivy’s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.

3. Put yourself in the fun zone.

Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation.

A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. “I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “It’s a challenge—and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.”

We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into

your day, you energy will increase quickly.

4. Bid farewell to guilt and regret.

Everyone’s past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they can’t merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.

5. Make up your mind.

Say you’ve been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme?

You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain.

Every time you can’t decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don’t look back.

6. Give to get.

Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; the more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it.

Start by asking everyone you meet, “How are you?” as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don’t smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you’re sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner. Then, expand the circle to work.

Try asking yourself what you’d do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient.

After all, if it’s true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what’s circulating around you is the good stuff?

1. The energy crisis in America discussed here mainly refers to________________.

A. a shortage of fossil fuels B. physical energy

C. emotional energy D. solar energy

2. Unlike physical energy, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with____.

A. genes or upbringing B. work

C. spirit or mood D. environment

3. Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show___________.

a) how she is bored

b) how her life is dispersed by his laziness

c) how emotional energy can contribute to one’s success in life

d) how her writing is successful

4. Finally, Maura _______________

A. gained her own success

B. found her own emotional inspiration to do what she wanted

C. changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts

D. discuss her way of life with her friends

5. According to the passage, how would you face the challenge: If it’s something you wouldn’t ordinarily do, ______________.

A. take action B. escape form it

B. find something new D. try a new dish to eat

6. Ivy filled her life with meaning by_______________________.

A. giving up his bad habits

B. giving help to the old people

C. investing more money in bank

D. launching a program to help poor children

7. The real-estate broker the author knows is talented in_________.

A. arts B. imagination of home decoration

C. challenging D. music

8. People holding on to sad memories of the past will find it difficult to _____________.

9. When it comes to decision-making, one should make a quick choice without __________.

10. Emotional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, ________.

例文2：

Will We Run Out of Water?

Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.

Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.

Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems

skimming和scanning的先后篇七：雅思阅读技巧 为你解惑skimming和scanning

雅思阅读技巧 为你解惑skimming和scanning摘要：下面是雅思阅读技巧之为你解惑skimming和scanning专题，两种阅读方式各有其特点，同学们要根据各自的特点来合理使用，这样才能为雅思阅读节省时间，从而达到更佳的做题效果。

下面为大家介绍两种雅思阅读技巧，以下是skimming和scanning专题，大家是怎么理解的呢？有没有陷入一些误区呢？下面和大家一起交流交流：

雅思阅读技巧专题一： Scanning

Scanning在牛津词典当中的解释是“glance quickly but not very thoroughly”在韦氏词典当中的解释是：“ glance from point to point ,often hastily, casually， or in searchof a particular item”

家里有扫描仪的朋友可能知道scan的意思是“扫描”。其实“扫描”和两本字典里对于这种阅读方法的描述并不矛盾——为了寻找某一特定信息而大致地快速地浏览。

这种阅读方法尤其适合很多考查细节理解类的题目。找出题干定位词，然后再到文章里找相关信息，最后进行对比;这个过程其实就是 scanning，换句话说，我们没有必要把一段文字从头到尾地、逐字逐句地阅读，只要找准定位词，快速地在文章内“扫描”出定位词，问题也就迎刃而解。

雅思阅读技巧专题二：skimming

Skimming在牛津词典当中的解释是：“read quickly， note only the chiefpoints”在韦氏词典里的的解释是 “to read, study, or examine superficially and rapidly; especiallyglance through the chief ideas or the plots”

从这里我们不难看出，scanning主要是用来抓住文章的主要要点的(chief points)，尤其是在韦氏词典里的解释，它让我们彻底地弄清了这一方法的具体含义“找一篇文章的主要论点或是文章的高潮”。实际上，这就是一种整体阅读的方法。

据此，我们便可以在阅读的过程当中使用这种方法来找寻文章的主旨大意。说的具体点，也就是通过抓住每一自然段的中心论点或中心句来判断一篇文章的大意。而对于记叙文来说，每段的中心句是比较不好找的，那么大家在阅读的时候就应该抓住故事发展的线索以及故事的起因、经过和结果。

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那么大家在阅读的时候一定要注意，不管后面的题目里有没有考查主旨大意或要求选最佳标题，我们都必须通过抓住每段的中心意思从而掌握整篇文章的大意和中心思想——因为文章里的每个单词、每个句子、每个段落都是为这个中心服务的，无论是考查细节理解或是推断或作者态度，都离不开这个中心思想。

以上就是对于skimming和scanning的雅思阅读技巧的相关介绍，大家在平时备考中就要注意观察这两种阅读方法，如何选择，如何才是最高效，要自己去体会拿捏。

文章来源：100教育 2 / 2

skimming和scanning的先后篇八：快速阅读方法skimming & scanning

快速阅读的方法skimming &scanning

1. skimming在牛津词典当中的解释是：“read quickly，noting only the chief points”在韦氏词典里的的解释是 “to read，study，or examine superficially and rapidly； especially：to glance through (as a book) for the chief ideas or the plot”

从这里我们不难看出，scanning主要是用来抓住文章的主要要点的(chief points)，尤其是在韦氏词典里的解释，它让我们彻底地弄清了这一方法的具体含义“找一篇文章的主要论点或是文章的高潮”。实际上，这就是一种整体阅读的方法。

据此，我们便可以在阅读的过程当中使用这种方法来找寻文章的主旨大意。说的具体点，也就是通过抓住每一自然段的中心论点或中心句来判断一篇文章的大意。而对于记叙文来说，每段的中心句是比较不好找的，那么在教学中可以引导学生在阅读的时候就应该抓住故事发展的线索以及故事的起因、经过和结果。

在阅读的时候一定要注意，不管后面的题目里有没有考查主旨大意或要求选最佳标题，我们都必须通过抓住每段的中心意思从而掌握整篇文章的大意和中心思想——因为文章里的每个单词、每个句子、每个段落都是为这个中心服务的，无论是考查细节理解或是推断或作者态度，都离不开这个中心思想。

2. scanning在牛津词典当中的解释是“glace at quickly but not very thoroughly”在韦氏词典当中的解释是：“to glance from point to point of often hastily，casually，or in search of a particular item (scan the want ads looking for a job)”

家里有扫描仪的朋友可能知道scan的意思是“扫描”。其实“扫描”和两本字典里对于这种阅读方法的描述并不矛盾——为了寻找某一特定信息而大致地快速地浏览。 这种阅读方法尤其适合于广告类题目，因为广告类题目大部分的情况下都是信息对比题——大家先看题目，找出定位词，然后再到文章里找相关信息，最后进行对比；这个过程其实就是scanning，换句话说，我们没有必要把一则广告从头到尾地、逐字逐句地阅读，只要找准定位词，快速地在文章内“扫描”出定位词，问题也就迎刃而解。 适合这种方法的不仅仅是广告题材中的信息对比题，很多考查细节理解类的题目也大多可以使用这种方法，如词义推测、数字计算等。当然，其他文体的阅读在使用这一方法的时候，千万不要忘了联系文章的主旨大意和作者的态度观点。

skimming和scanning的先后篇九：skimming and scanning练习题

Reading strategy—skimming & scanning

Skimming is a reading strategy used to quickly identify the main ideas of a text. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading. People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time. Use skimming when people want to see if an article may be of interest or use.

There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. You can read the first and last paragraphs using headings, summarizers and other organizers as you move down the page or screen. You can also read the title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. In addition, reading the first (and last) sentence of each paragraph is also helpful in identifying the main idea quickly. We can quickly get the main idea of the whole passage by just looking at the outline listed above, and know that the passage can be divided into four parts. As to specific details, we first decide whether it is about the stories, or about practical instructions, then we can scan the relevant parts to get the information we want.

Exercise1: Skimming

Directions: This exercise practises skimming -- that means reading very fast to find only the main ideas of a text. You will have only two minutes to read the text and identify the main ideas. Choose the correct answer for each question.

Pulp Friction

Every second, 1 hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 million hectares -- more than the land area of Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it.

Much of Canada's forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world's wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.

Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the

large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada's forests.

However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prison -- despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).

In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal -- both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant -- and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fibre for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.

1. The main idea of paragraph one is___________________.

A. Scientists are worried about New York City

B. Logging is destroying the rainforests

C. Governments make money from logging

D. Salmon are an endangered species

2. The main idea of paragraph two is___________________.

A. Canadian forests are especially under threat

B. Hemp is a kind of plant

C. Canada is a major supplier of paper and pulp

D. Canada produces a lot of hemp

3. The main idea of paragraph three is__________________.

A. Paper could be made from hemp instead of trees

B. Hemp is useful for fuel

C. Hemp has been cultivated throughout history

D. Hemp is essential for building large ships

4. The main idea of paragraph four is__________________.

A. Hemp is used to produce drugs

B. Many famous people used to grow hemp

C. It is illegal to grow hemp

D. Hemp is useful for producing many things

5. The main idea of paragraph five is__________________.

A. Hemp should be illegal because it is dangerous

B. Recently, many people have been working to legalize hemp

C. Hemp was made illegal in 1938

D. Marijuana is not a dangerous drug

Scanning is a reading technique used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

How to scan:

1. Pre-determine the specific information you are looking for.

2. Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help you locate

the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers.

3. Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections might contain the

information you are looking for.

4. Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.

When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin.

Exercise 2: Scanning

Directions: This exercise practises scanning -- that means reading very fast to find specific information. You will have only two minutes to read the text of Pulp Friction and choose the correct answer for each question.

1. How many species of salmon have become extinct in BC?

A. 27 B. 31 C. 137 D. 142

2. How much of the world's newsprint paper is supplied by Canada?

A. 31% B. 49% C. 34% D. 19%

3. What equipment on a ship was made from hemp?

A. Ropes B. engine fuel C. life rafts D. waterproof cloth

4. What drug can be obtained from a relative of hemp?

A. cocaine B. heroin C. amphetamine D. marijuana

5. Where was hemp farming recently legalized?

A. the USA B. Canada C. Singapore D. the Netherlands

Exercise 3: Scanning

Exercise: read each of the questions first, locate the relevant part of the text, and then find the correct answer

1． Accord to the passage, self-esteem is important because______.

A. it can affect your emotion

B. it can affect your attitude toward life

C. it can affect your behavior

D. it can affect your health

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as factors influencing self-esteem?

A. Education B. Body changes C. Family life D. Comments from others

3. In order to build healthy self-esteem, you should have ________.

A. good friendships B. a positive attitude

C. a healthy lifestyle D. both B and C

4. To build your self-esteem, you should give yourself ______compliments every day.

A. two B. three C. four D. five

5. If you feel like your body image and self-esteem are affecting your life, the most important thing is to ________.

A. learn how to handle the problems alone B. ignore the problems

C. get help D. face up with your problems

Passage reading

Body Image and Self-Esteem

1058 words

I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs.

Do any of these statements sound familiar? Are you used to putting yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem.

Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?

Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more.

Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. For many people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care more about how others see them.

What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?

Puberty

Some teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because the body goes through many changes. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.

But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone. Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers. Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt, others fill out permanently, and others feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act.

The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feel pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough.

Outside Influences

It's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors (like media Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem.

People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments. Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem.

Healthy Self-Esteem

If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem.

A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem — for example, saying, "Hey, I'm human" instead of "Wow, I'm such a loser" when you've made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don't go as expected.

Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such as exercising and eating right) are a great combination for building good self-esteem.

Tips for Improving Your Body Image

Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.

The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like — ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.

Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't. Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming celeb) has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept — like their height, for example, or their shoe size.

If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!

When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your self-esteem by giving yourself three compliments every day. While you're at it, every evening list three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything from the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes. By focusing on the good things you do and the positive aspects of your life, you can change how you feel about yourself.

skimming和scanning的先后篇十：5-Skimming and scanning

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