working mothers

导读：　working mothers篇一：Working Mothers ...

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working mothers篇一：Working Mothers

Working Mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a (2) of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) . Many mothers are not (5) out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it (6) to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7) the street1. (8) , however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months2，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (11) members. Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) time to help your child settle in3.

All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more (13) to their mothers. Remember that if you want to (14) the best for your children, it's not the quantity of time you spend with them, it's the (15) that matters.

练习：

1． A) view B) idea C) thought D) decision

2． A) percentage B) group C) number D) proportion

3． A) afford B) decide C) hope D) expect

4． A) reason B) duty C) necessity D) task

5． A) made B) cut C) brought D) born

6． A) refers B) concerns C) turns D) comes

7． A) of B) opposite C) across D) next to

8． A) In addition B) In fact C) In reality D) In contrast

9． A) way B) matter C) surprise D) exception

10．A) perfectly B) extremely C) very D) certainly

11．A) people B) adults C) members D) grown-ups

12．A) little B) no C) lots D) plenty of

13．A) used B) attached C) keen D) fond

14．A) make B) give C) have D) do

15．A) quality B) attitude C) behavior D) manner

词汇：

conduct /kən'dʌkt / v. 实施，实行 isolate / 'aisəleit/ v. 使隔离，使孤立

invest / in'vest / v. 投资 option / 'ɔpʃən / n. 选项，选择

establish / i'stæbliʃ / v. 建立 nanny / 'næni /n. 保姆

economic /,i:kə'nɔmik/ adj. 经济上的 protest / prə'test / v. 抗议

infant / 'infənt/ n. 婴儿，幼儿 crush / krʌʃ / n: 迷恋

trap / træp / v. 使陷入困境，使受限制 quantity /'kwɔntiti/ n. 数量

注释：

1．range from...to...：从……变动到……，在……范围内变化

2．...babies separate well in the first six months：…婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉…

3．...to help your child settle in：……帮助你的孩子安稳下来……

职业母亲

与全职母亲的孩子相比，对职业母亲的孩子仔细进行的调查并没有展示出任何长期的问题。我的个人观点是，只要妈妈们想工作，那么她们就可以工作。不管我们是否喜欢这一点，有许多妈妈不得不工作，这是事实。有这样的母亲，她们已投入了大半生去创建事业，若是失去这份事业，她们承受不起。还有许多母亲完全是出于经济上的原因必须工作。很多母亲并不是做全职母亲的这块料，与这么可爱的婴儿在家待几个月之后，她们感觉受到了限制，被孤立了。

涉及儿童托管，有很多方式可供选择，从托儿所和保姆到奶奶或是街对面的好心女士。然而实际上，许多父母没有任何选择，不管能有什么都得接受。准备好了啊!不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议，这是儿童发展过程中完全正常的一个阶段。婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉，但不久之后他们便会对母亲和亲密家庭成员产生依恋。要保证在第一周付出足够多的时间来帮助他安稳下来。

每个孩子都是不一样的，有的很独立，有的却很依恋母亲。如果你想为你的孩子做到最好，那么记住这一点，你与孩子相处时间的长短不重要，相处过程中的质量才重要。

答案与题解：

1．A 此处阐明作者的观点，只有view 能代表对某方面的"见解"或"观点"，其他选项只是单 纯的"想想、法"或是"决定", 不合题意。

2．C a number of 是固定搭配，修饰可数名词，表示数量上"很多"。

3．A can't afford to do sth.为惯用语，表示"负担不起……"。

4．C 此题四个选项在语法上都能与前面的 out of 搭配，out of reason 意为"无理的,不合理的" ，out of duty 与 out of task 意思是"出于责任，任务的"，out of necessity "有必要，出于.…...的必要，综合分析只有C选项填入此空较为合理。

5．B 固定搭配 be cut out for/be cut out to do sth. 意为"适合于，天生就是做某事的料" ，make out"理解，辨认出;亲热" ，bring out"使显出;出版;生产"，只有 B 选项符合文意。

6．D it comes to sth. 为惯用说法，在这里意思是"涉及"，整句说的是"当涉及儿童托管时，有许多方式可供选择"，refer to 意为"指……而言"。

7．C across the street 意为"街对面"，其他选项的词搭配不当，故选 C。

8．C 此处讨论在现实状况下，很多父母根本没有选择的余地。"在现实状况下"就是 in reality ，此题容易误选 B ，in fact 意为"事实上，实际上"，常常表示经过推论得出的结果，放在此处其实也不算错，但是完形填空不是让我们选出正确的答案，而是选出最合适的选项，故此题选 C。

9．B no matter +疑问词，表示"无论……"，此句意为"不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议"。

10．A perfectly normal 为惯用说法，意思是"完全正常的"，其他选项虽说在语法上与逻辑上也不错，但 perfectly 更好些。

11．C family members"家庭成员"，其他选项均不适合，C 为正确答案。

12．D 首先从逻辑上排除 A 和 B 选项，一定是留给孩子足够"多"的时间。C 选项 lots 后面若能加上介词 of 则构成修饰可数名字的短语，lots of"许多的"，原文中被修饰词 time 是不可数名词，只有 D 选项 plenty of 可以修饰不可数名词，表示"大量的"。

13．B 四个选项中除了 fond 与 of 搭配，意为"喜欢"之外，其他的选项都可与 to 搭配，be used to sth./doing"习惯于(做)某事"，be attached to"依附于，依恋于" ，be keen to do sth. "急切， 渴望"，此处孩子要"依恋于"母亲，因此 B 选项正确。

14．D 此处意为"为你的孩子做到最好"，一般用 do one' s best for ，而不用 make one' s best ，若想用 give，则是 give one' s best to，因此只有 D 选项符合要求。

15．A 上半句的 quantity 已经对此题的答案做出了暗示，一定是"质量" quality 与"数量" quantity 相对。

working mothers篇二：第六题完形填空第十篇Working Mothers职业母亲

第十篇Working Mothers职业母亲

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have notbeen able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. 与全职母亲的孩子相比，对职业母亲的孩子仔细进行的调查并没有展示出任何长期的问题。

My personal (1 A) view ) is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. 我的个人观点是，只要妈妈们想工作，那么她们就可以工作。

1. A) view B) idea C) thought D) decisionr

1．A此处阐明作者的观点，只有view能代表对某方面的“见解”或“观点”，其他选项只是单纯的“想法”或是“决定”，不合题意。

Whether we likeit or not, there are a(2 C) number) -__of mothers who just have to work. 不管我们是否喜欢这一点，有许多妈妈不得不工作，这是事实。

2. A) percentage B) group C) number D) proportion

2．C a number of是固定搭配，修饰可数名词，表示数量上“很多”。 There are those who haveinvested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3 A) afford )____to seeit lost. 有这样的母亲，她们已投入了大半生去创建事业，若是失去这份事业，她们承受不起。

3. A) afford B) decide C) hope 、D) expect

3．A can't afford to do sth.为惯用语，表示“负担不起……”。

Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4 C) necessity)____. 还有许多母亲完全是出于经济上的原因必须工作。

4. A) reason B) duty C) necessity D) task

4．C此题四个选项在语法上都能与前面的out of搭配，out of reason意为“无理的，不合理的”，out of duty与out of task意思是“出于责任，任务的”，out of necessity“有必要，出于……的必要”，综合分析只有C选项填入此空较为合理。

Many mothersare not (5 B) cut )____out to be full-time parents. After afew months at home with a much lovedinfant, they feel trapped and isolated很多母亲并不是做全职母亲的这块料，与这么可爱的婴儿在家待几个月之后，她们感觉受到了限制，被孤立了。

5. A) made B) cut C) brought D) born

5．B固定搭配be cut out for/be cut out to do sth.意为“适合于，天生就是做某事的料”，makeout“理解，辨认出；亲热”，bring out“使显出；出版；生产”，只有B选项符合文义。

There are a number of options when it (6 D) comes)____to choosing childcare. These range fromchild minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7 C) across )____the street'. 涉及儿童托管，有很多方式可供选择，从托儿所和保姆到奶奶或是街对面的好心女士。

6. A) refers B) concems 'C) turns D) comes

6．D it comes to sth．为惯用说法，在这里意思是“涉及”，整句说的是“当涉及儿童托管时，有许多方式可供选择”，refer to意为“指……而言”。

7. A) of B) opposite C) across D) next to

7．C across the street意为“街对面”，其他选项的词搭配不当，故选C。

(8 C) In reality)____, however, many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they canget. 然而实际上，许多父母没有任何选择，不管能有什么都得接受。 Be prepared! 准备好了啊！

8. A) In addition B) In fact C) In reality D) In contrast

8．C此处讨论在现实状况下，很多父母根本没有选择的余地。“在现实状况下”就是inreality，此题容易误选B，in fact意为“事实上，实际上”，常常表示经过推论得出的结果，放在此处其实也不算错，但是完形填空不是让我们选出正确的答案，而是选出最合适的选项，故此题选C。

No (9 B) matter)__________how good the childcare may be, some children are going toprotest wildly if they are left. 不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议，这是儿童发展过程中完全正常的一个阶段。

9. A) way B) matter C) surprise D) exception

9．B no matter+疑问词，表示“无论……”，此句意为“不管你选的

托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议”。

This is a(10 A) perfectly )____normal stage of child development. Babiesseparate well in the first six months2, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and closefamily (11 C) members )____. 婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉，但不久之后他们便会对母亲和亲密家庭成员产生依恋。

10. A) perfectly B) extremely C) very D) certainly

10．A perfectly normal为惯用说法，意思是“完全正常的”，其他选项虽说在语法上与逻辑上也不错，但perfectly更好些。

11.A) people B) adults C) members D) grown-ups

11．C family members“家庭成员”，其他选项均不适合，C为正确答案。

Make sure that in the first week you allow (12 D) plenty of)____time to help yourchild settle in. 要保证在第一周付出足够多的时间来帮助他安稳下来。

12.A) little B) no C) lots D) plenty of

12.D首先从逻辑上排除A和B选项，一定是留给孩子足够“多”的时间。C选项lots后面若能加上介词of则构成修饰可数名字的短语，lots of“许多的”，原文中被修饰词tlme是不可数名词，只有D选项plenty of可以修饰不可数名词，表示“大量的”。

All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more (13 B) attached)____totheir mothers. 每个孩子都是不一样的，有的很独立，有的却很依恋母亲。13. A) used B) attached C) keen D) fond

13．B四个选项中除了fond与of搭配，意为“喜欢”之外，其他的选项都可与to搭配’be usedto sth./doing“习惯于（做）某事”，be attached to“依附于，依恋于”，be keen to do sth.“急切，渴望”，此处孩子要“依恋于”母亲，因此B选项正确。

Remember that if you want to (14 D) do)____the best for your children, it's not thequantity of time you spend with them, it's the (15 A) quality)____that matters. 如果你想为你的孩子做到最好，那么记住这一点，你与孩子相处时间的长短不重要，相处过程中的质量才重要。

14. A) make B) give C) have D) do

14.D此处意为“为你的孩子做到最好”，一般用do one's best for，而不用make one's best，若想用give，则是give one's best to，因此只有D选项符合要求。

15. A) quality B) attitude C) behaviour D) manne.

15.A上半句的quantity已经对此题的答案做出了暗示，一定是“质量”quantity与“数量”

quantity相对。

working mothers篇三：2013职称英语综合B完形填空翻译

第十篇 Working Mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) _______ is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a (2) _______ of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) _______ see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) _______. Many mothers are not (5) _______ out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it (6) _______ to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7) _______ the street. (8) _______, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) _______ how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) _______ normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (11) _______ . Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) _______ time to help your child settle in.

All children are different. Some are independent ，while others are more (13) _______ to their mothers. Remember that if you want to(14) _______ the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the (15) _______ that matters.

词汇:

conduct /kən'dʌkt / v. 实施，实行 isolate / 'aisəleit/ v. 使隔离，使孤立

invest / in'vest / v. 投资 option / 'ɔpʃən / n. 选项，选择

establish / i'stæbliʃ / v. 建立 nanny / 'næni /n. 保姆

economic /,i:kə'nɔmik/ adj. 经济上的 protest / prə'test / v. 抗议

infant / 'infənt/ n. 婴儿，幼儿 crush / krʌʃ / n: 迷恋

trap / træp / v. 使陷入困境，使受限制 quantity /'kwɔntiti/ n. 数量

注释:

1. range from ...to...: 从……变动到……，在……范围内变化

2. ... babies separate well in the first six months:……婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉……

3. ... to help your child settle in:……帮助你的孩子安稳下来……

练习:

1. A) view B) idea C) thought D) decision

2. A) percentage B) group C) number D) proportion

3. A) afford B) decide C) hope D) expect

4. A) reason B) duty C) necessity D) task

5. A) made B) cut C) brought D) born

6. A) refers B) concerns C) turns D) comes

7. A) of B) opposite C) across D) next to

8. A) In addition B) In fact C) In reality D) In contrast

9. A) way B) matter C) surprise D) exception

10. A) perfectly B) extremely C) very D) certainly

11. A) people B) adults C) members D) grown-ups

12. A) little B) no C) lots D) plenty of

13. A) used B) attached C) keen D) fond

14. A) make B) give C) have D) do

15. A) quality B) attitude C) behavior D) manner

答案与题解:

1. A 此处阐明作者的观点，只有view 能代表对某方面的"见解"或"观点"，其他选项只是单 纯的"想想、法"或是"决定", 不合题意。

2. C a number of 是固定搭配，修饰可数名词，表示数量上"很多"。

3. A can't afford to do sth.为惯用语，表示"负担不起……"。

4. C 此题四个选项在语法上都能与前面的 out of 搭配，out of reason 意为"无理的,不合理的" ，out of duty 与 out of task 意思是"出于责任，任务的"，out of necessity "有必要，出于.…...的必要，综合分析只有C选项填入此空较为合理。

5. B 固定搭配 be cut out for/be cut out to do sth. 意为"适合于，天生就是做某事的料" ，make out"理解，辨认出;亲热" ，bring out"使显出;出版;生产"，只有 B 选项符合文意。

6. D it comes to sth. 为惯用说法，在这里意思是"涉及"，整句说的是"当涉及儿童托管时，有许多方式可供选择"，refer to 意为"指……而言"。

7. C across the street 意为"街对面"，其他选项的词搭配不当，故选 C。

8. C 此处讨论在现实状况下，很多父母根本没有选择的余地。"在现实状况下"就是 in reality ，此题容易误选 B ，in fact 意为"事实上，实际上"，常常表示经过推论得出的结果，放在此处其实也不算错，但是完形填空不是让我们选出正确的答案，而是选出最合适的选项，故此题选 C。

9. B no matter +疑问词，表示"无论……"，此句意为"不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议"。

10. A perfectly normal 为惯用说法，意思是"完全正常的"，其他选项虽说在语法上与逻辑上也不错，但 perfectly 更好些。

11. C family members"家庭成员"，其他选项均不适合，C 为正确答案。

12. D 首先从逻辑上排除 A 和 B 选项，一定是留给孩子足够"多"的时间。C 选项 lots 后面若能加上介词 of 则构成修饰可数名字的短语，lots of"许多的"，原文中被修饰词 time 是不可数名词，只有 D 选项 plenty of 可以修饰不可数名词，表示"大量的"。

13. B 四个选项中除了 fond 与 of 搭配，意为"喜欢"之外，其他的选项都可与 to 搭配，be used to sth./doing"习惯于(做)某事"，be attached to"依附于，依恋于" ，be keen to do sth. "急切， 渴望"，此处孩子要"依恋于"母亲，因此 B 选项正确。

14. D 此处意为"为你的孩子做到最好"，一般用 do one' s best for ，而不用 make one' s best ，若想用 give，则是 give one' s best to，因此只有 D 选项符合要求。

15. A 上半句的 quantity 已经对此题的答案做出了暗示，一定是"质量" quality 与"数量" quantity 相对。

译文：

职业母亲

与全职母亲的孩子相比，对职业母亲的孩子仔细进行的调查并没有展示出任何长期的问题。我的个人观点是，只要妈妈们想工作，那么她们就可以工作。不管我们是否喜欢这一点，有许多妈妈不得不工作，这是事实。有这样的母亲，她们已投入了大半生去创建事业，若是失去这份事业，她们承受不起。还有许多母亲完全是出于经济上的原因必须工作。很多母亲并不是做全职母亲的这块料，与这么可爱的婴儿在家待几个月之后，她们感觉受到了限制，被孤立了。

涉及儿童托管，有很多方式可供选择，从托儿所和保姆到奶奶或是街对面的好心女士。然而实际上，

许多父母没有任何选择，不管能有什么都得接受。准备好了啊!不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议，这是儿童发展过程中完全正常的一个阶段。婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉，但不久之后他们便会对母亲和亲密家庭成员产生依恋。要保证在第一周付出足够多的时间来帮助他安稳下来。

每个孩子都是不一样的，有的很独立，有的却很依恋母亲。如果你想为你的孩子做到最好，那么记住这一点，你与孩子相处时间的长短不重要，相处过程中的质量才重要

。

第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer

The Difference between Man and Computer

What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".

Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to

(7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.

However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

词汇:

element / 'elimənt / n. 元素，成分，要素

intellectual /,intil'ektʃuəl/ adj. 智力的，聪明的

entertainment /,entə'teinmənt/ n. 娱乐，消遣

physiological /,fiziə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj. 生理学的，生理的

cognitive / 'kɔgnitiv / adj. 认知的，认识上的

注释:

1. ... attribute to computers ... :……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑……

2. ... in the case of computer ... :……对于电脑来说……

练习:

1. A) express B) explain C) account D) count

2. A) why B) how C) what D) when

3. A) once B) even C) ever D) often

4. A) program B) instruction C) system D) function

5. A). success B) sense C) scene D) point

6. A) of B) or C) in D) and

7. A) find B) search C) look D) watch

8. A) way B) play C) rise D) birth

9. A) place B) food C)reference D)information

10. A) orders B) sells C)supports D) serves

11. A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult

12. A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness

13. A) could B) might C)should D) would

14. A) as B) on C)by D) in

15. A) arise B) rise C)consent D) derive

答案与题解:

1. C 此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况，只有account能与for 搭配，意为"解释"，其他三个选项的词都是及物动词，不与介词搭配。

2. C 分析全句，此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词，从句中缺少宾语，故应填 what ，此句意为 "去了解他们所感兴趣的东西"，其他三个选项均为关系副词，不能充当从句中的宾语。

3. B 此处选 even 加强语气，"事实上，电脑甚至都没有兴趣"。

4. A computer program 是常见搭配，意为"电脑程序"，其他选项与句意不符，故排除。

5. B make sense 是固定搭配，意思是"有道理, 合理, 能被理解"。整句的意思为"当然人也有目标，但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了"。

6. C in order to 是固定搭配，表示目的，意为"为了……"，故选 C。

7. A 结合上下文我们得知，此处应填具有"寻找"含义的词，watch 没有此含义，首先被排除，C 选项后若加上 for ，便符合文意，search 有"搜寻，查找"的含义，但一般指深人彻底地调查，只 有 A 选项 find 在含义和语气上都符合句意。

8. C 从下一句便可找到答案为 C 选项，give rise to 意为"引起，导致，使发生"。

9. D 选择 D 意为"找到关于餐馆名字的信息"，其他选项放此处均不合适。

10. D 此处需填一个谓语动词，因此要搞清主语"餐馆"与宾语"食物"之间的关系，只有"餐馆供应食物"合乎逻辑，故答案为 serve。

11. A 上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标，因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息，因而 此处要填"获取" ，B ，C，D 与文意不符。

12. B 此空依然承接上文的意思，那些目标都是获取信息的目标，都是学习的目标,答案为 B 选项。

13. B 此处缺一个情态动词，阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案，此处的 might 与后面 as a person might 相呼应，表示不确定的推测，意为"可能，也许"。

14. D 能与 way 搭配的介词一般只有 in ，表示"以……方式"，此处的含义为"与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同"。

15. A arise out of 是固定搭配，意为"起于……"，即使不知道短语的含义，看到后面又出现一次 arise out of ，也应可以选出答案。

译文：

人与电脑的区别

是什么让人有别于电脑程序?我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么?答案很简单：人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西，而电脑不是。事实上，电脑甚至连兴趣都没有，当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式，那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。

诚然，人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。一个人可能会读就餐指南，只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的，也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。电脑不会饿，也不吃商务餐。

然而，这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生：找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅，这餐厅叫什么名，价位如何，在什么位置等。我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫做学习目标。电脑也能有这些目标；一台电脑也许“想要”寻找餐厅的方位，并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿，但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。

第六篇 Teaching and Learning

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)________in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _______ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _______ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _______ guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) _______ a university library works; they expect students(9) _______ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _______ that their students should not be (12) _______ dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) _______ teaching， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _______ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

词汇:

assignment / ə'sainmənt/n. 任务，作业 administrative / əd'ministrətiv / adj. 管理的， 行政的 motivate /'məuti,veit/ V. 剌激，激发……的积极性 appointment / ə'pɔintmən / n. 约定，约会 exhaust / ig'zɔ:st / V. 耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底 讨论

注释:

1. ...lie with ... :……是……的责任

working mothers篇四：working mother in China (中国的职业女性)

Outline

working women: one internal family, the other external family and under the pressure, women were leading a thorny life, about which effective solutions should be taken to reduce weight on their shoulder and improve their living condition.

I. Pressure inside family

A. Pressure from housework

B. Pressure from relationship

1. Relationship with husband

2. Relationship with kid

3. Relationship with parents and parents-in-law

II. Pressure outside family

A. Economic pressure

1. Job

2. Housing

Family budget

B. Emotional pressure

1. Relationship with friends

2. Relationship with society

III. Life under pressure and solutions

A. Physical condition

B. Mental condition

1. Contact with friends

2. Entertainment for relaxing

C. Solutions

but unheeded, which gave rise to the tedious and wearisome life and the frail physical condition of them and which should be boosted by effective and timely solutions.

Sophia Du

Professor Nathan Hennessee

Advanced Writing 1

28 May 2012

Pressure on Chinese Working Mother and Solutions

In many developed countries and some developing countries, a new trend of high divorce rate came into being, and seemed to become a universal social phenomenon. As to China, from the beginning of 21st century, the divorce rate had increased quickly. In 2005, about 1,785,000 couples divorced, and after that, it increased by over 2,000,000 per year, 60 to 70 percentage of which were lodged by women. In a country like China that emphasized family unites a lot more than individuals, this social phenomenon had a vital negative impact on the stability of the country and its social life (Zhang Guochao 1). The fact that more than half of Chinese married women lodged a divorce was by no means accidental. Chinese women1, in the traditional Chinese sex-role ideology, were supposed to stay around the kitchen to take care of the family members and to do all the housework, while men were the breadwinners, working outside the family and never giving thought to the chores. However, as more women received higher education, and the economic pressure on each family turned out to be heavier, most women stepped into the job market and worked as full-time employees. Manipulated by the old deep-rooted view that men were the authority and superior to women in the family, it was onerous for Chinese mothers to attend either work or family competently. To be precise, there were two dissimilar resources of the stress on Chinese working women: one internal family, the other external family and under the pressure, women were leading a thorny life, about which effective solutions should be taken to reduce weight on their shoulder and improve their living condition.

PRESSURE INTERNAL FAMILY

Pressure from Housework. Firstly, Chinese working women suffered pressure internal the family. The main pressure came from the housework. Most Chinese families were men-oriented ones, which meant that men, whether they were father, sons or grandfather, were the breadwinner and enjoyed the supreme authority in the family. Women were housekeepers and executants and, therefore, whether a woman was employed or not, a large part of housework relied on her to complete, which included cleaning, management, budgeting, housekeeping, cooking, child care, grocery shopping and other shopping, and in most cases, taking care of her parents and parents-in-law. According to a survey conducted by Jiping Zuo and Yanjie Bian, “To husbands and wives, a man of ‘‘failed aspiration’’ (Coltrane 1996) would be perceived as ‘incapable,’ ‘lacking ambition,’ and as ‘relying on wives for financial support (chi ruan fan).’ Although . . . breadwinning is their responsibility, whereas housekeeping is family work to which they were willing to contribute when they could” (Zuo 1128). On the contrary, “Like a man of ‘failed aspiration,’ a woman who has an ‘excessive’ career ambition without assuming much household responsibility would be criticized as ‘selfish,’ ‘nonfeminine,’ and ‘irresponsible to household needs’ and are mocked as nu qiang ren (career-oriented women)” (Zuo 1128). Additional, in the view of the author of Work & Family, Changing Roles of Men and Women Patrica Voydanoff, the modern society required that in most families, economic roles performed by men and women provided access to the financial resources to support family life and made it work, which meant working was inevitably necessary for a woman (6). According to traditional gendered role in China, whatever a woman had achieved in her career, she should put the family above her career and fulfilled her family role as housekeeper primarily. Though, the weariness caused by the housework was nothing compared with that aroused by the family relationship.

Pressure from Relationship. Working mothers suffered a lot from the tense relationship with their family members, that is, the husband, kid and parents or parents-in-law, among which the relationship between the wife and husband was determining to the marriage and others influenced it indirectly. In the book Modern Love Science Guochao Zhang held that to cultivate and educate a kid, the wife might ignore her role of wife and shift all her attention between the kid and her job, which resulted in the disregard towards another party. It was regarded as indifferent if friends or relatives did nothing when the couples quarreled. Under this circumstance, how the couple dealt with the influence from their friends, family or kid would directly decide how their marriage would advance (334). Ellen Efron Pimentel reported in Just How Do I Love Thee? : Marital Relations in Urban China, “Marriage is one of the most intense human relationships. The quality of this relationship is continually redefined by spouses and is potentially crucial to their overall experience of family life”

(32). In his book Modern Love Science, Dr. Guochao Zhang divided marriage into three periods, the prior period, the middle and the late period. Through all the periods, there were certain threats to the relationship of the couple. In the prior period, the couple needed to adjust to each other, which would certainly take time and energy (251). For a working mother who had to take care of the kids, perform well in her office, do almost all the routine housework in the family, there was little patience and time left for her to adjust and communicate. The less communication and the asymmetrical division of housework and job between wife and husband had caged the wife within the house. As a result, more and more quarrels and complaints, less and less comfort and support, the tense relationship between the couple came into existence. What was worse, while dealing with the pressure from the nerve-racking relationship, the pitiable mother had to tend her kid. For a working mother, kids could be a huge burden and pressure. Patrica Voydanpff commented, Women’s role in their work influenced their family roles as a mother negatively in

terms of children’s psychological well-being, marital satisfaction, marital power and time spent with the children (7). From the birth of a baby, the mother was put on more burdens in China. The husband might help do some housework while the wife was weak after birth of baby. However, after that, he refused to do so any more and just cooked dinner now and then at his wife’s strong request. In a Chinese family, it was common if a husband was always engaged into his job and stayed late out of home for business dinner, but a wife could not. The mother should utilize her spare time to prepare breakfast for the family, especially for the kid, pick up them after school, and console them when they were in depression. There might be some husbands who would like to give a hand, but very few. The child’s education also put much pressure on his mother. There was an example in a survey conducted in 2010 among 10,000 households in 10 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Taiyuan, 33-year-old Wang Ying, a manager of a bank branch of Beijing, had a considerable salary. A mother of a boy of 4 years old, Wang always felt pressured. “My son will soon go to elementary school, and I feel pressure in choosing a school for him. As parents, we want him to receive the best education. But it's very difficult to be enrolled in the best schools.”

Besides, the relationship between the kid and the mother could also become not so good because of her job. In China, woman needed “do the month”2 after giving birth to a baby. After “doing the month” and the maternity leave, which lasted at most five months and a half 3 according to the labor law, the mother started working normally and could only feed the kid at night. Some couples would send the baby to their parents’, which would directly hurt the psychological well-being of the baby. Sometimes, it happened that a woman got pregnant when she was most likely to get a promotion, then she would have to choose between promotion and baby, which was a difficult choice for an ambitious woman and left to her great strain and angst. Some women

working mothers篇五：第十篇Working Mothers

Working Mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) _______ is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a (2) _______ of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) _______ see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) _______. Many mothers are not (5) _______ out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it (6) _______ to choosing

childcare. These range from child minders

and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7)

_______ the street. (8) _______, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9)

_______ how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) _______ normal stage of child

development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (11) _______ . Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) _______ time to help your child settle in. All children are different. Some are independent ，while others

are more (13) _______ to their mothers. Remember that if you want to(14) _______ the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the (15) _______ that matters.

词汇:

conduct 实施，实行 isolate 使隔离，使孤立

invest 投资 option 选项，选择

establish 建立 nanny 保姆

economic 经济上的 protest抗议

infant 婴儿，幼儿 crush 迷恋

trap 使陷入困境，使受限制 quantity 数量

注释:

1. range from ...to...: 从……变动到……，在……范围内变化

2. ... babies separate well in the first six months:……婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉……

3. ... to help your child settle in:……帮助你的孩子安稳下来……

练习:

1. A) view B) idea C) thought D) decision

2. A) percentage B) group C) number D) proportion

3. A) afford B) decide C) hope D) expect

4. A) reason B) duty C) necessity D) task

5. A) made B) cut C) brought D) born

6. A) refers B) concerns C) turns D) comes

7. A) of B) opposite C) across D) next to

8. A) In addition B) In fact C) In reality D) In contrast

9. A) way B) matter C) surprise D) exception

10. A) perfectly B) extremely C) very D) certainly

11. A) people B) adults C) members D) grown-ups

12. A) little B) no C) lots D) plenty of

13. A) used B) attached C) keen D) fond

14. A) make B) give C) have D) do

15. A) quality B) attitude C) behavior D) manner

答案与题解:

1.A 此处阐明作者的观点，只有view 能代表对某方面的"见解"或"观点"，其他选项只是单 纯的"想想、法"或是"决定", 不合题意。

2.C a number of 是固定搭配，修饰可数名词，表示数量上"很多"。

3.A can't afford to do sth.为惯用语，表示"负担不起……"。

4.C 此题四个选项在语法上都能与前面的 out of 搭配，out of reason 意为"无理的,不合理的" ，out of duty 与 out of task 意思是"出于责任，任务的"，out of necessity "有必要，出于.…...的必要，综合分析只有C选项填入此空较为合理。

5.B 固定搭配 be cut out for/be cut out to do sth. 意为"适合于，天生就是做某事的料" ，make out"理解，辨认出;亲热" ，bring out"使显出;出版;生产"，只有 B 选项符合文意。

6. D it comes to sth. 为惯用说法，在这里意思是"涉及"，整句说的是"当涉及儿童托管时，有许多方式可供选择"，refer to 意为"指……而言"。

7.C across the street 意为"街对面"，其他选项的词搭配不当，故选 C。

8.C 此处讨论在现实状况下，很多父母根本没有选择的余地。"在现实状况下"就是 in reality ，此题容易误选 B ，in fact 意为"事实上，实际上"，常常表示经过推论得出的结果，放在此处其实也不算错，但是完形填空不是让我们选出正确的答案，而是选出最合适的选项，故此题选 C。

9.B no matter +疑问词，表示"无论……"，此句意为"不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议"。

10.A perfectly normal 为惯用说法，意思是"完全正常的"，其他选项虽说在语法上与逻辑上也不错，但 perfectly 更好些。

11.C family members"家庭成员"，其他选项均不适合，C 为正确答案。

12.D 首先从逻辑上排除 A 和 B 选项，一定是留给孩子足够"多"的时间。C 选项 lots 后面若能加上介词 of 则构成修饰可数名字的短语，lots of"许多的"，原文中被修饰词 time 是不可数名词，只有 D 选项 plenty of 可以修饰不可数名词，表示"大量的"。

13.B 四个选项中除了 fond 与 of 搭配，意为"喜欢"之外，其他的选项都可与 to 搭配，be used to sth./doing"习惯于(做)某事"，be attached to"依附于，依恋于" ，be keen to do sth. "急切， 渴望"，此处孩子要"依恋于"母亲，因此 B 选项正确。

14.D 此处意为"为你的孩子做到最好"，一般用 do one' s best for ，而不用 make one' s best ，若想用 give，则是 give one' s best to，因此只有 D 选项符合要求。

15. A 上半句的 quantity 已经对此题的答案做出了暗示，一定是"质量" quality 与"数量" quantity 相对。

译文：职业母亲

与全职母亲的孩子相比，对职业母亲的孩子仔细进行的调查并没有展示出任何长期的问题。我的个人观点是，只要妈妈们想工作，那么她们就可以工作。不管我们是否喜欢这一点，有许多妈妈不得不工作，这是事实。有这样的母亲，她们已投

入了大半生去创建事业，若是失去这份事业，她们承受不起。还有许多母亲完全是出于经济上的原因必须工作。很多母亲并不是做全职母亲的这块料，与这么可爱的婴儿在家待几个月之后，她们感觉受到了限制，被孤立了。

涉及儿童托管，有很多方式可供选择，从托儿所和保姆到奶奶或是街对面的好心女士。然而实际上，许多父母没有任何选择，不管能有什么都得接受。准备好了啊!不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些孩子被留下时，都会激烈抗议，这是儿童发展过程中完全正常的一个阶段。婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉，但不久之后他们便会对母亲和亲密家庭成员产生依恋。要保证在第一周付出足够多的时间来帮助他安稳下来。

每个孩子都是不一样的，有的很独立，有的却很依恋母亲。如果你想为你的孩子做到最好，那么记住这一点，你与孩子相处时间的长短不重要，相处过程中的质量才重要。

working mothers篇六：Working Mothers

第三篇

Working Mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic Many mothers are not out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady street1．(8) , however, many parents don’t have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9)how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months2, but soon after that they time to help your child settle in3.

All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more their mothers. Remember that if you want to you spend with them, it’s the (15)the best for your children, it’s not the quantity of that matters.

词汇：

conduct /kən'dʌkt/v．实施，实行 invest /in'vest/v．投资 establish / i'stæbliʃ/v．建立 economic /,ikə'nɔmik/ adj．经济上的 infant /'infənt/ n．婴儿，幼儿 trap /træp/v．使陷人困境，使受限制 isolate /'aisəleit/v．使隔离，使孤立 option /'ɔpʃən/ n．选项，选择 nanny/næni/ n．保姆

protest /prəu'test/v．抗议 crush /krʌʃ/n．迷恋 quantity /'kwɔntəti/ n．数量 注释：

1．range from…to…：从……变动到……，在……范围内变化

2．…babies separate well in the first six months:……婴儿刚出生的前六个月对与母亲分开没有感觉……

3．…to help your child settle in: ……帮助你的孩子安稳下来…… 练习： 1．A 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．A 9．A

view

B idea

C thought C number C hope

D decision D proportion D expect D task D born D comes D next to D In contrast D exception D certainly D grown-ups D plenty of D fond D do D manner

percentage afford reason made

B group B decide B duty B cut

C necessity C brought C turns

refers of

B concerns B opposite B In fact B matter B extremely B adults B no

C across C In reality C surprise C very

In addition way

10．A perfectly 11．A people 12．A little 13．A used 14．A make

C members C lots C keen C have

B attached B give

15．A quality 答案与题解：

B attitude C behaviour

l．A 此处阐明作者的观点，只有 view 能代表对某方面的“见解”或“观点”，其他选项只是 单纯的“想法”或是“决定”，不合题意。

2．C a number of 是固定搭配，修饰可数名词，表示数量上“很多”。 3．A

can't afford to do sth．为惯用语，表示“负担不起……’，。

4．C 此题四个选项在语法上都能与前面的 out of 搭配，out of reason 意为“无理的，不合理的”，

out of duty 与 out of task 意思是“出于责任，任务的”，out of necessity“有必要，出 于……的必要”，综合分析只有 C 选项填入此空较为合理。

5．B

固定搭配 be cut out for/be cut out to do sth．意为“适合于，天生就是做某事的料”，make out“理

解，辨认出；亲热”，bring out“使显出；出版；生产”，只有 B 选项符合文义。

6．D

it comes to sth・为惯用说法，在这里意思是“涉及”，整句说的是“当涉及儿童托管时，有许多方

式可供选择”，refer to 意为“指……而言”。

7．C 8．C

across the street 意为“街对面”，其他选项的词搭配不当，故选 C。

此处讨论在现实状况下，很多父母根本没有选择的余地。“在现实状况下”就是 in reality，此题

容易误选 B，in fact 意为“事实上，实际上”，常常表示经过推论得出的结果，放在此处其实也不算错，但是完形填空不是让我们选出正确的答案，而是选出最合适的选项，故此题选 C。

9．B

no matter+疑问词，表示“无论……”，此句意为“不管你选的托管方式有多好，一些 孩子被留

下时，都会激烈抗议”。

10．A perfectly normal 为惯用说法，意思是“完全正常的”，其他选项虽说在语法上与逻辑上 也不错，但 perfectly 更好些。

11．C family members“家庭成员”，其他选项均不适合，C 为正确答案。

12．D 首先从逻辑上排除 A 和 B 选项，一定是留给孩子足够“多”的时间。C 选项 lots 后面 若能加上介词 of 则构成修饰可数名字的短语，lots of“许多的”，原文中被修饰词 time 是 不可数名词，只有 D 选项 plenty of 可以修饰不可数名词，表示“大量的”。

13．B 四个选项中除了 fond 与 of 搭配，意为“喜欢”之外，其他的选项都可与 to 搭配，be used to sth./doing“习惯于（做）某事”，be attached to“依附于，依恋于”，be keen to do sth.“急 切，渴望”，此处孩子要“依恋于”母亲，因此 B 选项正确。

14．D 此处意为“为你的孩子做到最好”，一般用 do one' s best for，而不用 make one' s best， 若想用 give，则是 give one' s best to，因此只有 D 选项符合要求。

15．A 上半句的 quantity 已经对此题的答案做出了暗示，一定是“质量”quality 与“数量”quantity相对。

working mothers篇七：What Happy Working Mothers Know

What Happy Working Mothers Know

上班族妈妈的幸福守则（快乐之道）

Foreward

推荐序

Preface

序言

Introduction

引言

I am what I do

工作决定自己的价值

Guilt – What is it good for?

愧疚—有益处吗？

How to Put the H.A.P.P.Y. in Happy Working Mother? 如何将快乐的内涵融入上班族妈妈的幸福生活？ When The Going Gets Tough, Get Support 当生活遇到难题时，要寻求帮助

Pulling It All Together

工作和家庭的和谐统一

Happily Ever After – Your Story

永远快乐下去—你的故事

working mothers篇八：What Happy Working Mothers Know Webinar

“Happiness”is a powerful way

•to change to your life

•to change your industry

•to change your community

WICT Webinar Series

Chapter 1. Happiness Is Not a Luxury; It’s a Necessity Chapter 2. The Science of Happiness

Chapter 3. How to Put H.A.P.P.Y in Happy Working MotherChapter 4. Guilt—What Is It Good For?

Chapter 5. When Mom’s Not Happy, No One Is Happy! Chapter 6. What about the Kids?

Chapter 7. When the Going Gets Tough, Get Support Chapter 8. Pulling It All Together

Chapter 9. Happily Ever After—Your Story

Attend this webinar for INSIGHT:

Immediate steps to enhance your overall effectiveness in lifeNew tools to evaluate, enhance and engage your full potential

Smart ways to leverage money, time and energy to maximize returns Ideas for managing the needs of motherhood and work successfullyHow to align your true values for leadership at home and at work Goal setting using self coaching strategies to achieve your bestTimely insight using results driven, innovative personal practices

How it works? It’s Your Choice:

Participate and Share Your Experience or

Listen and Learn

All attendees, both working moms, stay at home moms or anyone who manages working mothers are invited to participate in the Exercise

Showcase. Those who choose to participate can share their experiences in the Showcase to help all learn from each other (anonymous submissions are acceptable). Showcase contributors will then have an opportunity to share their experience with the tools and benchmark themselves alongside peers during the event. Unable to present? Participate as a learner and leverage the opportunity to hear and learn from your peers regarding the topics that matter most to you. Learn more about how you can share or participate at

working mothers篇九：2014职称综合完型填空

2014年（综合）教材没有新增文章

完形填空: 综合C级

第一篇： A Life with Birds

第二篇： A Lucky Break

第三篇： Global Warming（2013年已考）

第四篇： A Success Story

第五篇： Traffic in Our Cities

完形填空: 综合B级

*第六篇： Teaching and Learning（2013年已考）

*第七篇： The Difference between Man and Computer

*第八篇： Look on The Bright Side

*第九篇： The First Bicycle

*第十篇： Working Mothers

完形填空: 综合A级

+第十一篇：School Lunch

+第十二篇：A Powerful Influence

+第十三篇：The Old Gate

+第十四篇：Family History（2013年已考）

+第十五篇：Helen and Martin

注： +表示A级文章；*表示B级文章；其他为C级文章

第一部分：全文

第一篇 A Life with Birds（综合C）

For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's

Yeoman warders, better known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.

The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have

lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!"

David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to

love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on

them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."

第二篇 A Lucky Break（综合C）

Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen

when he's doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."

He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break."

第三篇 Global Warming（综合C）

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in ever before, the Earth is at riskfrom the forces of the wind, rain and sun. Accordingmaking extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise .

Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.

Some scientists, however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.

第四篇 A Success Story（综合C）

At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers

who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.

When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business.

"By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of

employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.

第五篇 Traffic in Our Cities（综合C）

The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.

One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, known as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car.

Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the

outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey.

Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However,

to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares kept at an acceptable level.

*第六篇 Teaching and learning（综合B）

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a

long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the

information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works; they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties besides teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer（综合B）

What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand，don't. In fact，computers don't even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".

Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.

However, these physiological and social goals give rise to several intellectual or

cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food，how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side（综合B）

Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always expected to be successful? Having someone around who always fears the worst isn’t really a lot of fun.

We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks like rain. "But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it's important to do something about it. You can change your view of life, according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and you'll find life more rewarding as a result. Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence, but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more likely to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.

Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything goes wrong. Most optimists, on the other hand, have been brought up not to regard failure as the end of the world — they just get on with their lives.

*第九篇 The First Bicycle（综合B）

The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferé had a wooden frame, made in the shape of a horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle, and pushed hard against the ground with your legs — there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding races up and down the streets.

Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long, however, as the combination of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celeriferé was the origin of the modem bicycle.

*第十篇 Working Mothers（综合B）

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity. Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant，they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare. These range

working mothers篇十：专四阅读+详解

星期4 Thursday

Business is the salf of life.事业是人生的第一需要。

Despite all the progress toward women’s equality, women who work full time are still earning only 75 cents on average to every dollar earned by men.

Driving home that point, the National Committee on Pay Equity has chosen April 16 this year, to remind Americans that all women would need to work at least an extra two days in a workweek to earn almost as much as all men do in one normal workweek.

Why does such a wage gap still persist?

Economists differ in their explanations. And yet this income disparity is seen as a key indicator of how women are treated — in both the workplace and at home.

Fortunately, the women’s movement and civil rights enforcement have ended most gender discrimination in setting wages. Now advocates are focused on ensuring that working women have female advisers and role models, while they try to remove subtle discrimination in promotions — the “glass ceiling” (指职业女性在职务提升时遇到的无形阻力)that accounts for so few women being in top management.

Many economists, however, say many women have lower-paying jobs because of choices made in their home life, such as taking time out to raise children. Or women take part-time, low-wage jobs for the flexibility. When they do reenter the workforce full time, they’re often behind their working peers in pay and promotions.

But as more women feel empowered to make career choices, their pay rises.

Another explanation is that women don’t really make the choice to drop off the career ladder or to stay at a lower job rung. They may, for example, accept the expectations of others to take traditional jobs for women, such as nursing, which have low market wages. They must often take jobs that don’t account for the unpredictability of families. Working moms may find their income can’t pay for day care, or day care doesn’t suit their child. If they are married, they may realize their husbands are not inclined to child rearing (or house chores), so they either quit work or go part time.

So as their life choices seem to become a life burden, women’s income slips behind men’s. No matter what the explanation, much progress has been made in reducing the pay gap. While government still has a major role, employers can do more. Many have found a market advantage in supporting working mothers or putting women in management. And in the home, men and women are getting smarter in defining their marital relationships, often before tying the knot.

Just as women now outnumber men in college, perhaps someday their average pay will surpass men’s — and that may make up for lost wages.

1. April 16 has been chosen

[A] to show the organization’s attitude towards equal pay.

[B] to define the day as pay day for women who are not equally paid.

[C] to make it clear that women working full time are earning less than men.

[D] to remind women to work longer hours to earn as much as men.

2. How can women raise their salary?

[A] By going out for work instead of staying at home.

[B] By asking their employer to raise their salary.

[C] By sending their child to the kindergarten.

[D] By having the ability to choose their jobs.

3. Which of the following is NOT a traditional job for women?

[A] Nurse. [B] Teacher.

[C] Economist. [D] Typist.

4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

[A] Wage gap servers as a key indicator of how women are treated.

[B] Many women have lower-paying jobs because of house chores.

[C] Some working mothers earn less than their children’s day care.

[D] Many employers have already done enough to support working mothers.

5. Who are expected to contribute more to narrowing the pay gap?

[A] Women themselves.

[B] Employers.

[C] The government.

[D] Men.

Text B

If sustainable competitive advantage depends upon work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired — rented at the lowest possible cost — much as one buys raw materials or equipment.

The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer (CFO) is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central — usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.

While American firms often talk about the vast amounts they spend in training their work forces, in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary for the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American

workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively start the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

6. In an American firm, the executive of human-resource management

[A] has a position directly under the chief financial executive.

[B] is one of the most important executives of the firm.

[C] has no say in making important decisions of the firm.

[D] is unimportant when new technologies have been introduced.

7. The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on

[A] technological and managerial staff.

[B] workers who will run new equipment.

[C] workers who lack basic background skills.

[D] top executives.

8. Technological change in American firms is slower because

[A] new equipment in America is more expensive.

[B] they don’t pay enough attention to the job training of their workers.

[C] they are less responsive to technological changes.

[D] their professional staff are less paid and so less creative.

9. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?

[A] They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.

[B] They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business.

[C] They attach more importance to workers than equipment.

[D] They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.

10. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantage is

[A] the introduction of new technologies.

[B] the improvement of worker’s basic skills.

[C] the rational composition of professional and managerial employees.

[D] the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees.

Text C

Despite the fact that comets are probably the most numerous astronomical bodies in the solar system aside from small meteor(流星) fragments and the asteroids (小行星), they are largely a mystery. Scientists don’t know exactly what comets are or where they come from. Educated guesses are the best we have in hand.

Considering the role of comets in lore, legend, and the memory of man, it is remarkable that we still know so little, relatively, about them. The most famous comet of all, Halley’s Comet (named for the man who predicted its return), was first sighted by the Chinese in 240 B.C., and it has returned to terrify the people of the world on a regular basis ever since then (last scheduled

return: 1986). The ancients considered it an object of ill omen. By mysterious coincidence, the arrival of Halley’s Comet coincided with such events as the battle of Hastings in 1066, the Jewish revolt of 66 A.D., and the last battle of Attila the Hun against the Romans. Nor is it the only comet to fill man with awe, but merely the most famous in a rich aristocracy of blood-freezers.

Comets are even more fascinating to amateur astronomers than to professionals, because this is one area where amateurs can (and do) make major discoveries. Comet Ikeya Seki, one of the brightest comets to appear in last century was discovered in 1965 by a pair of Japanese amateurs, Ikeya and Seki. The person who discovers a new comet gets his (or her) name put on it. And amateurs have a head start in the race to discover new comets; the shorter focal lengths on their smaller telescopes give them a positive advantage over the huge telescope such as Mount Wilson which is built to scan for galaxies, not comparatively of short distances.

Most scientists tend to agree with the astronomer Fred T. Whipple that a comet is really a large mushy snowball of frozen ices and gases (ammonia, methane, possibly carbon dioxide) with a few bits of solid particles stuck inside. But no one is sure how comets are created in the first place.

Scientists believe that comets don’t exhibit their characteristic tail while they lurk far out in space away from the warmth of the sun but, rather, wander in the form of frozen lumps, like icebergs. This is the core of the comet. Only when the comet approaches the heat of the sun, does the ice begin to melt and stream away in the form of visible gases. The tails of the comet stream out behind for, literally, astronomical distances. Halley’s Comet had a tail of 94 million miles long when it visited here in 1910. The Great Comet of 1843 had a tail of 186 million miles long.

11. At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that

[A] comets are the most commonly seen astronomical bodies.

[B] comets, meteor fragments and the asteroids are mysterious.

[C] not much is known about comets.

[D] nothing do we know about comets except guesses.

12. Halley’s Comet is mentioned in paragraph 2

[A] to introduce some famous historical events.

[B] to explain some traditional beliefs about comets.

[C] to demonstrate the harm it has done to man.

[D] to show its significance to human history.

13. We learn from the passage, amateur astronomers

[A] began their discovery earlier than the professionals .

[B] tend to be the leaders in the area of astronomy.

[C] have some advantages in discovering new comets.

[D] established some theories on how comets come into being.

14. The core of a comet

[A] has no solid form.

[B] wanders like a frozen lump when it’s far out in space.

[C] requires the warmth of the sun to survive.

[D] is always followed by a long tail.

15. Which of the following about comets is INCORRECT?

[A] They are great in number.

[B] Their arrivals used to frighten human beings.

[C] They are named after their discoverers.

[D] They are large mushy snowballs of frozen ices and gases.

Text D

Around the world, hearts were broken when news came that the conjoined Bijani twins had died on the operating table. Having lived in tortured unity for 29 years, they traveled form their native Iran to Singapore for the surgery meant to set them free. The doctors who performed it were distressed. When you lose a patient, particularly when the patient dies at your own hand, the heartbreak mixes with unbearable guilt. The doctors are asking themselves the same question everyone else is asking: Should they have done it?

The doctors certainly knew the risk. They knew that with the women’s shared circulatory systems, the risk was great. They might have underestimated the technical challenges, but they did not deceive their patients. The sisters, highly educated and highly motivated, knew full well the risk of never waking up from the surgery.

Indeed, they never did. Should the surgeons have attempted such a risky procedure on patients who were not dying, and, in fact, were not even sick?

For all the regrets and second guesses, it is hard to see how the answer could have been anything but yes. The foundation of the medical vocation is that the doctor is servant to the patient’s will. Not always, of course. There are times when the doctor must say no. This was not such a time.

Consider those cases in which outside values trump(占据上风) the patients-expressed desire. The first is life. Even if the patient asks you to, you may not kill him. In some advanced precincts(地区) — Holland and Oregon, for example — this is thought to be a quaint(奇怪的)idea, and the state permits physicians to perform “assisted suicide”. That is a terrible mistake, for the state and for the physician. And not only because it embarks us on a slippery slope where putting people to death in the name of some higher humanity becomes progressively.

Even if there were no slippery slope, there is a deeply important principle at stake: doctors are healers, not killers. You cannot eliminate the subject you are supposedly serving — it is not just a philosophical absurdity, it constitutes the most fundamental violation of the Hippocratic oath. You are not permitted to do any harm to the patient, let alone the ultimate harm.

There are other forms of self-immolation, less instantaneous and less spectacular, to which doctors may not contribute. Drug taking, for example. One could say, the patient wants it, and he knows the risks — why not give him what he wants? No. The doctor is there to help save a suffering soul from the ravages of a failing body. He is not there to ravage a healthy body in the service of a sick and self-destructive soul.

The patient is sovereign and the physician’s duty is to be the servant, which is why the doctors in Singapore were right trying to separate the twins. They were not seeking self-destruction; they were seeking liberation. And they were trying to undo a form of impairment imposed on them by nature. The extraordinary thing about their request was that it was so utterly ordinary. They were asking for nothing special, nothing superhuman, nothing radically enhancing of human nature. They were only seeking to satisfy the most simple and pedestrian of desires: to live as single human being.

16. At the beginning of the passage, the author sounds towards the doctors.

[A] indifferent. [B] pitiful. [C] accusing. [D] objective.

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