we delight in the stories

导读：　we delight in the stories篇一：六级考前冲刺试题 ...

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we delight in the stories篇一：六级考前冲刺试题

六级考前冲刺试题二

Part I

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students’ Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.

目前有不少大学生开始创业

1. 对此不少人给予了肯定

2. 也有人有不同的看法

3. 我认为

Students’ Starting Their Own Businesses

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Writing (30 minutes)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Choice blindness: You don’t know what you want

We have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in their own field: wine snobs (自命不凡的人) who can’t tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair game. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts might be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of our skills as experts on ourselves?

We have been trying to answer this question using techniques from magic performances. Rather than playing tricks with alternatives presented to participants, we secretly altered the outcomes of their choices, and recorded how they react. For example, in an early study we showed our volunteers pairs of pictures of faces and asked them to choose the most attractive. In some trials, immediately after they made their choice, we asked people to explain the reasons behind their choices.

Unknown to them, we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretly exchange one face for the other so they ended up with the face they did not choose. Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome of a choice. But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blind to the mismatch, even offering “reasons” for their “choice”.

help, X is switched for Z — and Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.

When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decision-making, it is very difficult to know about it from the “inside”: one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.

As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rationalisations (文过饰非) after the event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are?

But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt — and prove it — that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (虚构) (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very difficult to come by. We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange.

This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness: for example, two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering (装病) might develop into true symptoms, and how confabulation might play a role in obsessive-compulsivedisorder (强迫症).

Importantly, the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap judgments. Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long explanations, give numerical rating or labelling, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback (“I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it”), which we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.

We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight ofhand (巧妙的手段)?

Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments.

For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In order to switch each participant’s choice without them noticing, we created two sets of “magical” jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over.

Immediately after the participants chose, we asked them to taste their choice again and tell us verbally why they made that choice. Before they did, we turned over the sample containers, so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection. Strikingly, people detected no more than a third of all these trick trials. Even when we switched such remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnamon and apple for bitter grapefruit jam, the participants spotted less than half of all switches.

We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as laptops or cellphones, and even apartments. Our latest tests are exploring moral and political decisions, a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role, but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness.

Throughout our experiments, as well as registering whether our volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternative they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would have noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong.

Imagine their surprise, even disbelief, when we told them about the nature of the experiments. In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a lot about our selves, but like the wine buff or art critic, we often overstate what we know. The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat. Indeed, after reading this article you might already be cured.

1. What does the author say about some experts?

A)They are authorities only in their own fields.

B) They aren’t easily fooled by the tricky tests.

C) The mistakes they’ve made are inevitable.

D) They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.

2. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?

A) They put on a magic performance to the participants.

B) They diverted the participants’ attention and disrupted their choosing.

C) They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.

D) They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.

3. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?

A) People could explain well why they made their choices.

B) Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.

C) Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.

D) Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.

4. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that ________.

A) many people fail to notice the big change around them

B) people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings

C) people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big change

D) quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions

5. What’s people’s tendency to do for their decisions?

A) Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions.

B) Trying to find reasons to explain the decisions.

C) Changing the decisions on second thoughts.

6. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?

A) The haste judgment.

7. What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness?

A) The boundaries are impossible to be marked.

B) It occurs only when decisions are not important.

C) It could happen even in the significant events.

D) Brides won’t have choice blindness in the weddings.

8. In their latest tests researchers are investigating people’s decisions in the fields of with choice blindness.

B) The mechanism of self-feedback. D) The expectation for the future. C) The interaction with others. D) Seeking others’ advice when making the decisions.

we delight in the stories篇二：六级必备：考前冲刺试题二

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students’ Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.

目前有不少大学生开始创业

1. 对此不少人给予了肯定

2. 也有人有不同的看法

3. 我认为

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Choice blindness: You don’t know what you want

We called this effect “choice blindness”, echoing change blindness, the phenomenon identified by

psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z — and Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.

We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to

notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight of hand (巧妙的手段)? Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments.

1. What does the author say about some experts?

A) They are authorities only in their own fields.

B) They aren’t easily fooled by the tricky tests.

C) The mistakes they’ve made are inevitable.

D) They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.

2. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?

A) They put on a magic performance to the participants.

B) They diverted the participants’ attention and disrupted their choosing.

C) They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.

D) They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.

3. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?

A) People could explain well why they made their choices.

B) Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.

C) Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.

D) Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.

4. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that ________.

A) many people fail to notice the big change around them

B) people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings

C) people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big change

D) quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions

5. What’s people’s tendency to do for their decisions?

A) Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions.

B) Trying to find reasons to explain the decisions.

C) Changing the decisions on second thoughts.

D) Seeking others’ advice when making the decisions.

6. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?

A) The haste judgment.

B) The mechanism of self-feedback. D) The expectation for the future. C) The interaction with others.

7. What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness?

A) The boundaries are impossible to be marked.

B) It occurs only when decisions are not important.

C) It could happen even in the significant events.

D) Brides won’t have choice blindness in the weddings.

8. In their latest tests researchers are investigating people’s decisions in the fields of with choice blindness.

9. From the quiz researchers find that most people are quite confident about their feelings in the 10. The volunteers were surprised at the fact that in everyday decision-making, people’s beliefs are often .

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

After the earthquake, the text messages came streaming in to 4636 — reports of trapped people, fires, polluted water sources, and requests for food, water and medical supplies. Hundreds of volunteers translated them from Creole and French into English, tagged them with a location and passed them on to aid agencies on the ground. Yet not one of the volunteers was anywhere near Haiti.

The 4636 texting service is part of a new generation of web-based efforts to help disaster relief that has emerged from the revolution in texting, social networking and crowdsourcing. Its impact on the ground is tangible (确凿的). For example, a Haitian clinic texted 4636 that it was running low on fuel for its generator. Within 20 minutes the Red Cross said it would resupply.

4636 is run by a small organization called Ushahidi.com, originally set up in Kenya to gather reports of violence after the 2008 election. Within days of the earthquake on 12 January that flattened Haiti’s capital Port-au-Prince and numerous surrounding towns, it had set up a Haitian operation and recruited hundreds of volunteers to help translate messages, many of them Haitians living in the U.S. The service is free, courtesy of Digicell, Haiti’s largest mobile network operator, which had 70 per cent of its network running within 24 hours of the quake.

Nicolas di Tada, who helped set up 4636 on the ground in the first days after the disaster, says that was the easy part. “The challenge was making responders on the ground aware of us.” A stroke of luck made a big difference. One of the first texts was from a hospital which had 200 beds, and doctors, nurses and medical supplies on standby, but no patients, because hardly any relief agencies knew they were there. Forwarding that message on told a large number of organization about 4636. Now, radio stations help spread the word.

As people generally don’t send messages to say their request has been fulfilled, Ushahidi has no way of knowing how successful it has been. Still, “the system is unprecedented,” says Christopher Csikszentmihalyi, director of the Center for Future Civic Media at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

47. Who tackled text messages on earthquake-hit Haiti that poured into 4636?

we delight in the stories篇三：六级考前冲刺试题二

Part I Writing (30 minutes) 目前有不少大学生开始创业

1. 对此不少人给予了肯定

2. 也有人有不同的看法

3. 我认为

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Choice blindness: You don’t know what you want

We called this effect “choice blindness”, echoing change blindness, the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z — and Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.

suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.

1. What does the author say about some experts?

A) They are authorities only in their own fields.

B) They aren’t easily fooled by the tricky tests.

C) The mistakes they’ve made are inevitable.

D) They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.

2. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?

A) They put on a magic performance to the participants.

B) They diverted the participants’ attention and disrupted their choosing.

C) They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.

D) They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.

3. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?

A) People could explain well why they made their choices.

B) Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.

C) Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.

D) Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.

4. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that ________.

A) many people fail to notice the big change around them

B) people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings

C) people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big change

D) quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions

5. What’s people’s tendency to do for their decisions?

A) Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions.

B) Trying to find reasons to explain the decisions.

C) Changing the decisions on second thoughts.

D) Seeking others’ advice when making the decisions.

6. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?

A) The haste judgment. B) The mechanism of self-feedback.

C) The interaction with others. D) The expectation for the future.

7. What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness?

A) The boundaries are impossible to be marked.

B) It occurs only when decisions are not important.

C) It could happen even in the significant events.

D) Brides won’t have choice blindness in the weddings.

8. In their latest tests researchers are investigating people’s decisions in the fields of

with choice blindness.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

11. A) He admires Jean’s straightforwardness.

B) He thinks Dr. Brown deserves the praise.

C) He believes Jean was rude to Dr. Brown.

D) He will talk to Jean about what happened.

12. A) He stayed in a room on the third floor for an hour.

B) He was absent when the discussion was being held.

C) Nobody but the woman noticed that he was absent.

D) He did not leave room 405 until an hour had passed.

13. A) He enjoyed the paintings, too. B) He has to finish his term paper first.

C) He can’t finish his term paper that day. D) He has learned something about the artists.

14. A) Some people may not go on the trip. B) The transportation for the trip is free.

C) Everyone in the class has paid the fee. D) The class won’t enjoy going on the field trip.

15. A) In Atlanta. B) At a convention centre.

C) In a hospital. D) At home.

16. A) She has been at home.

B) The new manager was not in the office.

C) She hasn’t talked with the new manager yet.

D) She didn’t want to talk with the new manager.

17. A) He will see Steve soon.

B) He is afraid the weather will not be clear.

C) He is not sure if there will be enough space.

D) He is not sure if he can find a room for Steve.

18. A) He might move to another city very soon.

B) The woman’s exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.

C) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.

D) The city was poor because there wasn’t much industry then.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Professor and student. B) Boss and employee.

C) Interviewer and interviewee. D) President and adviser.

20. A) It has 2 million dollars in capital.

B) It has 50,000 people.

C) Its products are marketed in the US only.

D) Its products sell quite well in China.

21. A) Organized and a good speaker. B) Enthusiastic and a fast-learner.

C) Persistent and experienced. D) Capable and good at marketing.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) Spending more hours on the Internet. B) Spending fewer hours on the Internet.

C) The state of being on the Internet. D) Their brighter expectations not being met.

23. A) The Net is healthier than TV.

B) The Net is not healthy for people.

C) The Net does not help with people’s communication.

D) The Net does no good to people’s psychological well-being.

24. A) They stay at home longer than before.

B) They have more friends on the Internet.

C) They give too much time to the Internet.

D) They have less face-to-face conversations than before.

25. A) The fast-developing technology.

B) The people who design different applications.

C) The way how people make use of the Internet.

D) The increasing information and communication via the Net.

Section B

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) When they are with a baby-sitter. B) When they are with another baby.

C) When they are with a strange adult. D) When they are with an elderly person.

27. A) They show fear. B) They start to cry.

C) They turn to adults. D) They reach out to touch them.

28. A) Ask elderly adults to attend them.

B) Hire an experienced baby-sitter.

C) Keep them in family-based day care centers.

D) Let them stay with their parents or teachers.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Historic significance. B) Splendor and peacefulness.

C) Cultural appeal. D) Beauty and comfort.

30. A) Visiting the capital of Salt Lake City. B) Visiting the Temple Square.

C) Hiking through national parks. D) Hiking remote Indian reservations.

31. A) All transportations during the tour. B) Three formal meals a day.

C) Two nights’ stay in Salt Lake City. D) Equipment for the hiking adventure.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Around 45%. B) About 50%. C) Less than 68%. D) Over 70%.

33. A) What ingredient should a nutrition label list.

B) How to get consumers to read labels more carefully.

C) What food information should be provided to consumers.

D) Whether it is necessary to put labels on prepared foods.

34. A) Doubtful. B) Opposing. C) Supportive. D) Neutral.

35. A) More detailed labeling. B) Simple labeling.

C) Precise labeling. D) Basic labeling.

Section C

People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring. And they are less likely to fall (36) _______ ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. The scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research made such (37) _______ by using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia. They found that the month of birth was related to life (38) _______ over the age of 50. (39) _______ differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could (40) _______ its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last (41) _______ of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby (42) _______ food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are (43) _______ to infections of the digestive system.” (44) _____________________________________________________________. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. (45) _____________________________________________________________. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century. “(46) _____________________________________________________________,” Doblhammer said.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

47. Who tackled text messages on earthquake-hit Haiti that poured into 4636?

48. The example of a Haitian clinic receiving response from the Red Cross suggests that the 4636 texting

service has 49. The original purpose of creating 4636 was to that followed the

2008 Kenya election.

50. According Nicolas di Tada, the difficult part of work for 4636 Haitian operation

is .

51. Ushahidi is not clear of the effect of 4636 since senders usually do not give a feedback

when .

Section B

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The 35 percent of African-American youth living in poverty are the most visible victims of what is often called the achievement gap. But black children of all socioeconomic levels perform worse on national tests and graduate in fewer numbers than their white middle-class peers. A 2009 study by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics found that African-American students scored, on average, 26 points lower than white students on their reading and math tests.

Some say, as Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and American Enterprise Institute political scientist Charles Murray did in their 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that the cause is genetic. And though The Bell Curve has been discredited in scientific circles, the idea that IQ is somehow linked to race has been slow to retreat.

Others, like Cornell University researchers Gary Evans and Michelle Schamberg, believe that “physiological stress is a plausible model for how poverty could get into the brain and eventually interfere with achievement,” as they wrote in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Our best efforts at narrowing the gap nationally — think No Child Left Behind — haven’t worked.

But locally, there are now signs of hope. At the Harlem Children’s Zone’s Promise Academy charter schools, at least 97 percent of third graders scored at or above grade level on a statewide math test in 2008, outperforming the average scores of both black and white children in New York City and New York State. What the HCZ does is first recognize that the amelioration (改善) of poverty does not begin and end with an excellent education, but also requires a full belly, parental education, safety, advocacy, and the expectation that every student will succeed. “We help parents and kids through the system,” HCZ founder Geoffrey Canada

we delight in the stories篇四：六级考前冲刺试题二

六级考前冲刺试题二

Part I

目前有不少大学生开始创业

1. 对此不少人给予了肯定

2. 也有人有不同的看法

3. 我认为

Students’ Starting Their Own Businesses

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Choice blindness: You don’t know what you want

two sets of “magical” jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over.

1. What does the author say about some experts?

A) They are authorities only in their own fields.

B) They aren’t easily fooled by the tricky tests.

C) The mistakes they’ve made are inevitable.

D) They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.

2. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?

A) They put on a magic performance to the participants.

B) They diverted the participants’ attention and disrupted their choosing.

C) They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.

D) They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.

3. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?

A) People could explain well why they made their choices.

B) Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.

C) Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.

D) Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.

4. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that ________.

A) many people fail to notice the big change around them

B) people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundings

C) people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big change

D) quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions

5. What’s people’s tendency to do for their decisions?

A) Refusing to admit they made wrong decisions.

B) Trying to find reasons to explain the decisions.

C) Changing the decisions on second thoughts.

6. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?

A) The haste judgment.

7. What do we learn about the boundaries of choice blindness?

A) The boundaries are impossible to be marked.

B) It occurs only when decisions are not important.

C) It could happen even in the significant events.

D) Brides won’t have choice blindness in the weddings.

8. In their latest tests researchers are investigating people’s decisions in the fields of with choice blindness.

9. From the quiz researchers find that most people are quite confident about their feelings in the .

10. The volunteers were surprised at the fact that in everyday decision-making, people’s beliefs are B) The mechanism of self-feedback. D) The expectation for the future. C) The interaction with others. D) Seeking others’ advice when making the decisions.

we delight in the stories篇五：翻译练习及其答案

It is a good horse that never stumbles.好马不失蹄

It is a skillful technician that never blunders. 智者千虑 Among the blind, the one-eyed man is king.山中无老虎，猴子称霸王 Good fortune lieth within bad, bad fortune lurkth with good.

福兮祸之所以，祸兮福之所倚

Do not unto others what you would not be done by.己所不欲，勿施于人 I could not recollect his name to save my life.我怎么都想不起他的名字 These books have long been out of print, you can not get them for love or money.无价之宝

He is lying on his side.固执己见

She is standing on her head.他到立着

as timid as a rabbit胆小如鼠

as strong as a horse健壮如牛

as stubborn as a mule倔如驴

a bunch of rascals狐朋狗友

let the cat out of the bag露马脚

before one can say Jack Robinson说时迟，那时快

An old hand is a good guide.老马识途

精简发

一、试译下列各句，注意精简作主语的斜体人称代词：

1.I am 78 years old；I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months.

.我七十八岁了，由于患了瘫痪性的中风，十四个月来一直出不了门。

2. Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.他象他的朋友一样，虽然头脑里有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。

3．We can measure the amount of water in a pot, but we can't measure its heat. We haven't an instrument for that.

我们能测量罐内的水量，但不能测量水的热度，我们还没有这种仪器。

4. The Grand Dukes always liked new ideas, and later they were good friends of Galileo.

几任大公毫无例外地都喜欢新思想，后来都成了伽利略的好朋友二，试译下列各句，注意精简作宾语的斜体代词：

1．I've received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的信，愉快地读了

2. If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.，如果你已读过这些故事，用你自己的话讲出来

3. You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请你原谅，我以后不再提这事了。

4. In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say openly that he accepted them. .事实上，他相当清楚地表明，哥白尼的学说是正确的，只是他没有公开宣布接受。

三、试译下列各句，注意精简斜体的物主代词：

1.He put up his hand is a salute. 他举手致敬

2. In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia. 在儿童时代，我就听到许多关于俄国的事情。

3.He sat, cursing himself, till his tea was stewed．他坐着咒骂自己，直到把茶煮浓了。

4. Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead，her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.

她黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在宽阔的前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。

四、试译下列各句，注意精简非人称it和强势用it:

1 .It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast.

寒冷阴沉的一天，乌云密布

2. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. ．只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人

3.It is in the plant that we work together with the workers. 就是在这个工厂内我们同工人们一起劳动。

4. Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours. 读书只能供给心灵以知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的变成自己的东西。

五、试译下列各句，注意精简并列连接词：

1.The door was opened, and they came in.门开了，他们走了进来

2. I can do it, and so can you.我能做，你也能做

3.His telescope and his experiments were always bringing him new surprises, and he made notes of his work every day.

．他的望远镜和实验总是给他带来惊奇的新发现，他每天都把这种工作情况记录下来。

4. He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army.他在大学念过两年书，后来就去参军了。

六、试译下列各句，注意精简从属连接词：

1.When the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colours.纸板慢慢旋转，你就能看出各种不同的颜色。

2. If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. 明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。

3 .As the temperature increases, the volume of water becomes greater.温度增高，水的体积就增大。

4. "Now, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, don't you think it all right？ “你们看，把这个沙发贴墙放，把屋子里的东西都搬出去，单留下椅子，怎么样？”

七、试译下列各句，注意精简前置词：

1 .And on June 5, 1985, we'll celebrate our victory. 一九八五年六月五日，我们将庆祝胜利。

2. On the thirteenth of May, 1956, I became a civilian again. 一九八五年六月五日，我再次变成了平民。

3 .Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.

仓库重地，不准抽烟。

4. Many new factories have been set up since liberation in their home town．解放以来，他们的故乡建立了许多新的工厂。

八、试译下列各句，注意精简斜体的冠词：

1 .I saw a boy and a girl on my way home. The boy had a book and the girl a doll．

我回家时看见一个男孩子和一个女孩子。男孩子拿着一本书，女孩子抱着一个洋娃娃。

2. When I got to the wharf, the steamer had already started. 我到码头的时候，轮船已经开了。

3 .A boy is always a boy.孩子总是孩子。

4. Milk is sold by the pound.牛奶按磅计价

词类转换

一、试译下列各句，将斜体的派生名词转译成动词：

1.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的

2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.

无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。

3. Alloy steels are formed by the addition of one or more of the following elements：nickel, tungsten, silicon and small amounts of other alloying elements.加进下列一种或几种元素可制成各种合金钢：镍、钨、硅和少量别的合金元素。

4. He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.

他告诫全国公民，必须坚持参加政治论战。

二、试译下列各句，将斜体的动作名词转译成动词：

1.On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.

we delight in the stories篇六：华师在线 2013 《美国文学》作业

we delight in the stories篇七：英国文学史及选读复习14 Eighteenth Century Literature III

Eighteenth Century Literature III

1. Oliver Goldsmith 1728—1774

Born in Ireland, the son of an Anglican clergyman whose geniality he inherited and whose improvidence he imitated. He was early disfigured by smallpox and grew up ugly of face, ungraceful of figure. After an unsatisfactory course in various schools, where he was regarded as stupid, he entered Trinity College, Dublin, as sizar. By his escapades he was brought into disfavor with the authorities. After three years of university life he ran away, in dime-novel fashion, and nearly starved to death before he was found and brought back in disgrace. Then he worked a little and obtained his degree in 1749. He tried theology but was rejected when he presented himself as a candidate for the ministry. He tried teaching and failed. He tried travel, also failed. He went to London to study law, but lost all his money at cards. His relatives sent him to study medicine, but a few years later he became a singer and story teller. The next few years are a pitiful struggle to make a living as tutor, apothecary’s assistant, comedian, usher in a country school, and finally as a physician in Southwark. Gradually he drifted into literature and lived from hand to mouth by doing hack work for the London booksellers. Some of his essays and his Citizen of the World brought him to the attention of Johnson. He promptly justified Johnson’s confidence by publishing The Traveler which was hailed as one of the finest poems of the century. Money now came to him liberally, with orders from the booksellers; he took new quarters in Fleet Street and furnished them gorgeously; he had a vanity for bright-colored clothes, and faster than he earned money he spent it on velvet cloaks and in indiscriminate charity. For a time he resumed his practice as a physician; but his fine clothes did not bring patients, as he expected; and presently he turned to writing again, to pay his debts to the booksellers. When in his forty-seventh year, he fell sick of a fever, and with childish confidence turned to a quack medicine to cure him. He died then in 1774. His works:

Poems: “The Traveler” a long poem in rimed couplets, giving a survey and criticism of the social life of various countries in Europe and reflects his own wanderings and impressions.

“The Deserted Village” in rimed couplets, voices the revolt of individual man against institution. Comedies: The Good-Natured Man She Stoops to Conquer

Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield story of a simple English clergyman, Dr. Primrose, and his family, who pass from happiness through great tribulation.

2. Robert Burns 1759—1796

Born in Scotland, his father an excellent type of the Scotch peasant of those days--- poor, honest, God-fearing man. He gave him the best education he possibly could. He worked in the field not like a slave, but like a free man. In despair over his poverty, he resolved to emigrate to Jamaica, and gathered together a few of his early poems, hoping to sell them for enough to pay the expenses of his journey. The result was the famous Kilmarnock edition of Burns in 1786. The little book took all Scotland by storm. He was welcomed and feasted by the best of Scottish society. This unexpected triumph lasted only one winter. His fondness for taverns and riotous living shocked his cultured entertainers, and when he returned to Edinburgh next winter, after a pleasure jaunt through the Highlands, he received scant attention. He left the city in anger and disappointment, and went back to the soil. In 1788 he married the faithful Jean Armour. Next year he was appointed exciseman. He died miserably in 1796.

His poems: Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect It is about love, humor, pathos, the response to

nature.

3. William Blake 1757—1827

Son of a London trade man. Beyond learning to read and write, he received no education. He had a long course of art study. As a child he had visions of god and the angels looking in at his window; and as a man he thought he received visits from the souls of the Great dead, Moses, Virgil, Homer, Dante, Milton. To him all nature was a vast spiritual symbolism, wherein he saw elves, fairies, devils, angels---all looking at him in friendship or enmity through the eyes of flowers and stars. For over forty years he labored diligently at book engraving. He died obscurely.

His works: Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience

4. The development of the modern novel

Other great types of literature, like the epic, the romance, and the drama, were produced by other nations; but the idea of the modern novel seems to have been worked out largely on the English soil.

4.1 The meaning of the novel

A reader must be attracted and held to the story element of a narrative before he learns to appreciate its style or moral significance. The story element is therefore essential to the novel. However, all literature rests in man’s instinct for a story. So the classification of works of fiction into novels, romances, and mere adventure stories depends on the element of imagination.

Children’s sudden interest in extraordinary beings and events marks the beginning of the human imagination--- running riot at first, because it is unguided by reason, which is a later development,--- and to satisfy this new interest the romance was invented. The romance is, originally, a work of fiction in which the imagination is given full play, without being limited to facts or probabilities.

Then comes a time, naturally and inevitably, in the life of every youth when the romance no longer enthralls. He lives in a world of facts; gets acquainted with men and women, some good some bad, but all human; and he demands that literature shall express life as he knows it by experience. This is the stage of awakened intellect and in the stories the intellect as well as the real in the adventures. Gradually the element of adventure grows less and less important as we learn that true life is not adventurous, but a plain and heroic matter of work and duty, and the daily choice between good and evil. Life is the most real thing in the world now--- not the life of kings ,or heroes, or superhuman creature, but the individual life with its struggles and temptations and triumphs or failures, like our own; and any work that faithfully represents life becomes interesting. So we drop the adventure story and turn to the novel. For the novel is a work of fiction in which the imagination and intellect combine to express life in the form of a story; and the imagination is always directed and controlled by the intellect. It is interested chiefly, not in romance or adventure, but in men and women as they are; it aims to show the motives and influences which govern human life, and effects of personal choices upon character and destiny. Such is the true novel, and as such it opens a wider and more interesting field than any other type of literature.

4.2 The development of the English novel / precursors of English novel

Among the early precursors of the novel we must place a collection of tales known as the Greek romances. These are imaginative and delightful stories of ideal love and marvelous adventure. A second group of predecessors is found in the Italian and Spanish pastoral romances. The third and most influential group of predecessors of the novel is made up of the romances of chivalry, such as . The old romance tends inevitably towards realism. In the Elizabethan Age the idea of the novel grows more definite, for example, Lodge’s romantic story of Rosalynde, Nash’s The Unfortunate Traveller, or The Life of Jack Wilton. In all these stories and picaresque novels the emphasis was laid not so much on life and character as on the adventures of the hero; and the interest consisted largely in wondering what would happen next, and how the plot would end. This excessive interest in adventure or incidents for their own sake, and not for their effect on character, is what distinguishes the modern adventure story from the true novel. In the Puritan Age we approach still nearer to the novel, especially in the work of Bunyan. Indeed, many a modern man, reading the story of Christian, has found in it the reflection of his own life and experience. The characterization in Bunyan’s work was carried on by Addison and Steele. that lies outside of romance, and enter the region of character study where the novel has its beginning.

4.3 The discovery of the modern novel

No true novel had appeared in any literature until the publication of Richardson’s Pamela in 1740. By a true novel we mean simply a work of fiction which relates the story of a plain human life, under stress of emotion, which depends for its interest not on incident or adventure, but on its truth to nature. A number of English novelists---Goldsmith, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, Sterne---all seem to have seized upon the idea of reflecting life as it is. The result was an extraordinary awakening of interest. The spread of education and the appearance of newspapers and magazines led to an immense increase in the number of readers. The middle-class had no classic tradition to hamper them. Some new type of literature was demanded, and this new type must express the new ideal of the eighteenth century, namely, the value and the importance of the individual life. So the novel was born.

4.4

Henry Fielding 1707—54 Presents in Tom and his guardian Squire Allworthy, Fielding’s ideal man, in whom goodness and charity are combined with common sense. Memorable characters, brilliant plotting, and moral vision made it one of the greatest English novels.

Tobias Smollett 1721—1771

Lawrence Sterne 1713—1768

Questions concerning the literature of the eighteenth century:

1. Describe briefly the social development of the eighteenth century. What effect did this have

on literature? What accounts for the prevalence of prose?

2. What is the chief object of satire? Of literature? How do the two objects conflict?

3. What is the meaning of the term “classicism,” as applied to the literature of this age? Why is

this period called the Augustan Age? Why was Shakespeare not regarded by this age as a classical writer?

4．In what respect is Pope a unique writer? What are his principle works? How does he reflect the critical spirit of his age ?

5. What is the general character of Swift’s work? Name his chief satires.

6. What great work did Addison and Steele do for literature?

7. Can you explain the continued popularity of Gray’s “Elegy”?

8. What are the characteristics of Blake’s poetry? Can you explain why Blake, though the greatest poetic genius of the age, is so little appreciated?

9. Why is Burns called the poet of common men? Can you explain the secret of Burns’s great popularity?

10. What is meant by the modern novel? How does it differ from the early romance and from the adventure story? What are some of the precursors of the novel? What is the significance of Pamela? What elements did Fielding add to the novel?

we delight in the stories篇八：2011中级口译必看十大热文

1.Banquet service 宴会招待

A：各位，晚上好，今天我们在此举办晚宴，招待各位亲爱的朋友和敬业的专家，庆贺我们的会谈取得圆满的成功，我感到非常高兴。我特别感谢凯兰女士大驾光临。没有凯兰女士的最后努力，我还不知道会怎么样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中。

Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. It gives me a great pleasure to host the banquet in honor of our dear friends and dedicated experts, and celebrate the successful conclusion of our talks. In particular, I’d like to thank Ms. Kelland for her coming. Without her last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, probably in the middle of negotiations, I am afraid. B: 谢谢李总，你们都做得很好，我只是尽了自己的责任。可以说我们每个人都成功地使我们的使命得以完成。怎么样，女士们，先生们，难道我们在晚宴上还要谈判吗？

Thank you, President Li. You all did very well. I just contributed my share. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak. Well, ladies and gentlemen, are we carrying out another round of talk over the dinner?

A: 今天不谈生意，我建议今晚我们只叙友情，当然，我们要尽情享受大自然赐予我们的食物。

No more business talks today. We’ve already put an end to it. I propose we limit our talk to friendship tonight. And of course, we’ll delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.

B: 太好了，可口的中国菜，我等不及了。今晚我们有什么好吃的？

That’s great, the delicious Chinese food! I can’t wait to enjoy your food. What are we expecting tonight?

A: 今晚我们准备了典型的上海餐，希望各位喜欢。

Tonight we have prepared a typical Shanghai meal. I hope you will like it.

B: 是的，在上海就应该吃上海人之所吃。不过，恕我直言，我只听说过名声显赫的粤菜、川菜和鲁菜，对上海菜不太了解。上海菜系有什么特点？

Yes, eat in Shanghai as Shanghai people eat. But, to be frank, I’ve heard of the famous Cantonese food, Sichuan food, Shandong food, but not that much of Shanghai food. What’s special about Shanghai cuisine?

A: 上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被称为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质地,菜的原汁原味。

Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among the major regional cuisines in China, with a history of more 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisine takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.

B: 听来很能引起食欲。

It sounds very appetizing.

A: 我推荐一道特色点心“南翔小笼”和一道特色菜“松鼠桂鱼”。“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。松鼠桂鱼色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。绝对没错，你一定喜欢。

I’d like to recommend a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and

a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”. They are absolutely tasters’ choice. I bet you will like them.

B: 噢，我想它们的确是“色、香、味”三要素的完美结合。尤其是松鼠桂鱼，我想不出来厨师是怎样把菜做得像个松鼠的。我们在三大评价标准上再添上“形”吧。

Oh, I suppose they are the perfect combination of the three elements “color, aroma and taste”. Especially the Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish. I can’t figure out how the chef makes the disk look like a squirrel. Shall we add “appearance” to your judgment criteria?

A: 完成正确，可以再加上“形”，那我们就有了第四大要素。菜上来了，别客气，请随意。

Absolutely right, plus “appearance” – that makes the fourth element. OK, here we are. Please help yourself to the dishes.

B: 味道太可口了，这些菜的色、香、味形都很好。谢谢你们的盛情邀请和款待。我希望没有漏掉什么好吃的吧？

The dinner is so delicious. The dishes are complete with color, aroma, taste and appearance. Thank you very much for your invitation and hospitality. I hope I haven’t missed anything, have I?

A: 很高兴您喜欢这里的菜。晚宴才开场，好戏还在后头呢。女士们、先生们，各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸。让我们共同举杯，敬祝凯兰女士健康。

I’m very glad that you like the dishes. But this is just the beginning of the dinner. We have more surprises to expect. Ladies and gentlemen, I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health of Ms. Kelland.

B: 也祝李总身体健康，祝在座各位身体健康。干杯！

And toast to the health of President Li and to the health of everybody here. Cheers! A: 为我们永久的友谊与合作，干杯！

To our lasting friendship and cooperation, cheers!

2. A wish to investment 投资意向

A：你好，罗伯兹先生。

Hi, Mr. Roberts

B：您好，陈先生。近来我一直在思考件事，我想告诉您我的想法。

Hi, Mr. Chen. l have been thinking about something lately and I'd like to share with you my thoughts.

A：好呀，请说。我很高兴能为你做些什么。

I'd like to hear them. And I'll be very happy if I can help you with anything.

B: 现在西方人人都在谈论去东方投资。显然越来越多的外国公司纷纷涌人中国，而上海的浦东地区是人们投资的首选目的地之一。现在的问题不在于是否要去东方投资，而在于何时去投资为好，如何去投资为好。

In the West everybody is talking about going to the East and making an investment. Apparently a growing number of foreign firms have been pouring into China, and the Pudong area of Shanghai is among the best choices of their investment destinations. Today it is not a matter of whether to go east, but when and how.

A：你说的完全对。海外人士在上海及其周边地区的投资今年来翻了两番。出现这一高涨不止的投资热有多种缘由。除了中国是世界上经济增长最快的国家之一这个原因外，中国政府和地方政府很重视全面对外开放，不仅仅开放沿海城市，也开放内地，尽可能的吸引外资。另外，许多海外机构与个人的投资者认为，在中国投资比同中国做生意更有利可图。

You're absolutely right. Overseas investment in Shanghai and its surrounding areas has quadrupled in recent years. There are many reasons for this rising investment fever. Apart from the fact that China is one of the fast growing economies in the world, the Chinese central government and local governments focus a lot of their attention on opening the whole country up to the outside world, both the coastal cities and the country's interior areas. They are doing all they can to attract foreign investment. On the other hand, many institutional and individual investors overseas find it more profitable to invest directly in China than just to do trade with Chinese companies.

B: 这种偏爱的原因何在，我不太明白。请您解释一下，我愿闻其详。

I'm not sure if I understand the logic behind this preference. I'm all ears to your explanation.

A:好的。基本情况是这样的，外国直接在华投资可以最大限度地发挥有关双方的优势。中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增长，基础设施不断改善，当然啰，我们还有稳定的社会政治环境以及诱人的投资政策。这些优势难以在其他国家找到。而来自发达国家和地区的外国投资者则有充足的资金、先进的技术和管理知识。与做进出口贸易生意相比，在华直接投资则有更高的经济回报。

OK. Basically, direct foreign investment in China maximizes the strengths of both parties concerned. China has massive land, abundant natural resources, huge cheap labor, low taxation, a growing consumer market, improving infrastructure and of course, a stable social and political environment with attractive investment policies. All these are rarely found elsewhere in the world. On the other hand, foreign investors from developed countries and areas have sufficient funds, advanced technology and managerial expertise. Direct investment in China will yield higher economic returns than import and export trade.

B:你说得有道理。我有一些朋友有意在中国直接投资。至于投资的最佳地点，你有何高见？

You're right. I have some friends who are interested in direct investment in China. Do you have any idea about the best place in which to invest?

A:就我个人来说，我希望你们在上海的浦东地区投资。这倒不是因为浦东是我的家乡，而是因为浦东的确是投资者的理想场所。如果你或你的朋友有兴趣，我可以向你们提供许多研究资料。我也听说过许多关于在中国内地和其他沿海城市进行投资而获得极大成功的例子。真的很难说哪一个地方为最佳。也许应该说在某一时期的某一地点进行投资更好。

Personally, I hope you invest in the Pudong Area of Shanghai. Not for the reason that it's my hometown, but it really is an ideal place for investment. If you and your friends are interested, I

have a lot of investment literature for you to study. I've also heard of many successful cases of foreign investment in China's interior areas and other coastal cities. There's really no the best

B:接下来的一个问题是，目前有哪些许可的投资形式？

My next question concerns the forms of investment that are allowed in China currently.

A:投资方式很多，你可以同中方合资办企业，也可以独资办公司。

Among others you can invest in a joint venture with a Chinese partner, or establish a business independently, that is, set up a company solely funded and owned by a foreign investor. B:两者有何不同？

What is the difference?

A:投资兴办合资企业时，通常外方提供资金、机械设备、先进技术和管理方法，而中方提供土地、劳动力以及部分用于基础设施建设的资金。至于独资企业嘛，外商提供所有资金，赚取所有利润，同时承担所有风险。你可以选择自己喜欢的方式经营独资公司，当然不可超越中国法律。

With a joint venture, a foreign partner usually brings into the enterprise or business capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management, while the Chinese partner supplies land, labor and a portion of the funds for the infrastructure. As for the solely foreign-funded business, you provide all the funds and take all the benefits as well as all the risks. You can run the company in whatever way you prefer, within the boundary of Chinese laws, of course.

B:你的解释使我茅塞顿开。如果我们决定在上海投资，我们想请您担任我们的中方顾问。希望你不要推辞。

Your words are enlightening. If we decide to invest in Shanghai, we'd like you to be our Chinese consultant. I hope you won't refuse us.

A:我深感荣幸。希望早日为您的投资尽力。

It's my honor. And I'm looking forward to my early service.

3.A opening speech 开幕祝词

女士们、先生们:

我宣布，“亚太地区市民社会与文化多样性天津国际论坛”现在正式开幕。

Ladies and gentlemen,

May I hereby declare open "Tianjin Forum on Civil Society and Cultural Pluralism in the Asia-Pacific Region".

首先，请允许我代表论坛的筹委会，向今天参加开幕式的天津市政府领导、社会团体的领导、社区工作者协会的代表，以及社会各界的来宾，表示热烈的欢迎!同时向来自加拿大、澳大利亚、英国以及世界其他国家和地区的朋友们表示热烈的欢迎。加拿大温哥华兰戈拉社区学院和澳大利亚拉特罗布大学市民社会研究所对这次国际论坛的成功举办给予了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。

First of all, permit me, on behalf of the organizing committee of the forum，to extend our warm welcome to the leaders of the Tianjin Municipal Government, leaders of social organizations, representatives of the Community Social Workers' Association and guests from various circles! Our warm welcome goes also to the friends from Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, as well as from other countries and regions. Langara Community College of Vancouver, Canada, and Civil Society Research Institute of Latrobe University, Australia, whose generous help has the successful commencement of this forum.

女士们、先生们，日新月异的信息技术给我们带来了知识结构与内容的更新与革命，而全球化的浪潮更是波及人类生活的每一个层面，改变着我们局限于种族、地区与国家的传统的思维方式。社会的发展与进步也越来越多地与社会每一成员和团体密切相关。从这个意义上来说，市民社会具有推动社会发展的重要意义。与此同时，日趋多元化的文化对社会进步也起着极其重要的促进作用。

Ladies and gentlemen, the ever-changing information technology has updated and revolutionized the structure and content of human knowledge. And globalization is increasingly affecting every facet of our life. Social development and advancement have been increasingly built into the life of every social individual and group. In this regard, the civil society is especially important for the promotion of social development and meanwhile， our culture is becoming more and more pluralistic, playing a pivotal role in pushing forward the advancement of our society.

中国有着古老灿烂的文明，同时也正在经历着一场历史性的走向现代化的大变革。作为亚太地区的重要国家，中国正在健康地稳步走向社会与文化的繁荣与发展。本次“亚太地区市民社会与文化多样性天津国际论坛”就是在这一背景下举行的。我们希望通过这次国际论坛，可以加深不同社会与文化之间的相互了解，促进亚太地区学术界的交流，促进本地区文化与社会的变革与发展。

China a long tradition of brilliant civilization, and is currently dedicated to the historical, vigorous transformation that leads to a modern society. China as one of the most important countries in the Asia-Pacific regionThe current "Tianjin Forum on Civil Society and Cultural Pluralism in the Asia-Pacific Region" is set exactly against this background.

女士们、先生们，我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社区服务提出了更高的要求。随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。一方面，政府的宏观管理责任将会变得更加重大。另一方面，社会团体和民间组织有必要参与更多的社区服务工作。这就提出了一个课题:政府和社会团体如何密切合作，如何分工协作，更好地推进社区服务事业。海外一些发达国家和地区在这方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和研究。

Ladies and gentlemen, the establishment and development of China's socialist market

we delight in the stories篇九：大学六级预测模拟974

大学英语六级考试710分新题型

王长喜英语预测试卷

Wang Changxi's Model Test of Forecast for C E T-6

(标准版)

Part Ⅰ

Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Students' Starting Their Own Businesses. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below.

目前有不少大学生开始创业

1．对此不少人给予了肯定

2．也有人有不同的看法

3．我认为„

Students' Starting Their Own Businesses

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked

[A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Choice blindness: You don't know what you want

We have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory

discrimination in their own field: wine snobs (自命不凡的人) who can't tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair game. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts might be forgiven for being wrong

about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven

for being wrong about the limits of our skills as experts on

ourselves?

We called this effect "choice blindness", echoing change blindness, the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z - and Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.

When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about selfknowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decisionmaking, it is very difficult to know about it from the "inside": one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.

As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than

rationalisations (文过饰非) after the event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are?

But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal

explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt - and prove it - that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (虚伪) (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very difficult to come by. We can compare everyday

explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange.

Importantly, the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap

judgments. Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long

explanations, give numerical rating or labelling, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-

feedback ("I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it"), which we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.

We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great

importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight of hand (巧妙的手段)? Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments.

For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In order to switch each participant's choice without them noticing, we created two sets of "magical" jars, with lids at both ends and a divider

inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over.

Throughout our experiments, as well as registering whether our

volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternative they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would have noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong.

1. What does the author say about some experts?

[A] They are authorities only in their own fields. [B] They aren't easily fooled by the tricky tests.

[C] The mistakes they've made are inevitable. [D] They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.

2. What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?

[A] They put on a magic performance to the participants.

[B] They diverted the participants' attention and disrupted their choosing.

[C] They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.

[D] They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.

3. What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?

[A] People could explain well why they made their choices.

[B] Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.

we delight in the stories篇十：2014秋华师作业《美国文学》

美国文学作业

选择：

1．The scarlet letter “A” in the novel The Scarlet Letter at first stands for _____________. B.adultery

2．Among the following stories written by Poe, only one belongs to the category of the detective story. It is ___.

A.The Purloined Letter

3．The famous pamphlet Common Sense appearing in 1776 was written by _____________. B.Thomas Paine

4．the sound ａnd the fury is a novel written by __________. D.William Faulkner

5．The Wasteland is a long modern poem written by ---. C. T. S. Eliot

6．the lines “to the glory that was greece, ／ａnd the grａndeur that was rome” were quoted ｆrom poe’s poem __________. B.To Helen

7．Among the following titles, only one is not among the Leather-Stoking Tales series. It is______.D.Moby Dick

8．“I become a transparent eye-ball. i am nothing. i see all. the currents of the universal being circulate through me; i am part ｏr particle of god.” the passage above is quoted ｆrom emerson’s essay __________. B.Nature

9．The short poem “The Red Wheelbarrow” was written by _________. B.William Carlos Williams

10．The Author of the short story "A Gift for Maggie" is ---. A. O. Henry

11． “by nature’s self in white arrayed\ she bade thee shun the vulgar eye,\ ａnd planted here the guarding shade,\ ａnd sent soft waters murmuring by; \ thus quietly thy summer goes,\ thy days declining to repose.” the rhyme scheme of the lines above is ______________. B.ababcc

12．In Poe’s tale “The Fall of the House of Usher”, the major female character Madeline is the titular hero Usher’s _____________. D.sister

13．Of Mice ａnd Men is a novel written by ---. A. John Steinbeck

14．The central character’s name in James Fenimore Cooper’s novel series The Leatherstocking Tales is ______________. B.Natty Bumpo

15．Puritans emphasized a ____God. B.wrathful

16． In 1881, Henry James published his novel____, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.

D.The Portrait of a Lady

17．_______, the ruthless, amoral protagonist of the The Sea Wolf, best realizes the ideal of the “Superman.”

B.Wolf Larsen

18．___ is not a name to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga. D.Mohican

19．The School Room Poets did not include _____. D.Poe

20．According to Mathew Arnold, one poem written by William Cullen Bryant was the “most perfect brief poem in the language”. The title of the poem is __________. B.“To a Waterfowl”

21．“Civil Disobedience” is a famous essay written by ___________. B.Henry David Thoreau

22．The first American writer to win an international fame is ___. C.Washington Irving

23．A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court was written by _______. B.Mark Twain

24．Among the following writers, only one does not belong to the naturalistic school. He is___. A.Henry James

25．The American writer whose one essay greatly influenced later civil right leader Martin Luther King is ___.

C.Henry David Thoreau

26．“all sappy as maples ａnd flat as the prairie” is a comment made by james russell lowell on the female characters in novels written by______. B.James Fenimore Cooper

27．Among the following short stories, only one is not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is _________.

D.the pit ａnd the pendulum

28．Among the following works written by T. S. Eliot, only one is not a poem. It is ___.D.Murder in the Cathedral

29．Billy Budd was a short novel written by the American novelist ---. B.Herman Melville

30．Martin Eden was an autobiographical novel written by ---. B.Jack London

31．In Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the central character Hester Prynne had a secret affair with _____________. C.Dimmesdale

32．Sister Carrie is a noel written by ___. A.Theodore Dreiser

33．robert frost once said that a poem should begin with delight ａnd end in__________. D.wisdom

34．Ernest Hemingway's Last important literary work is ---. A.the old man ａnd the sea

35．among the following three american writers, only one has never been married in his ｏr her life. the person is ___. C.Emily Dickinson

36． Among the following fictions, only one is not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is ___________.

D.The Fall of the House of Usher

37．___ wrote Rights of Man in 1792 to suggest the overthrow of the British monarchy. A.Thomas Paine

38．Hawthorne’s ____ deals with the effects of a curse. B.The House of Seven Gables

39．The sentence “whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist” is quoted ｆrom Emerson’s essay _________. C.Self-Reliance

40． Among the following authors, only one has been called the American Scott. He is _______.

B.James Fenimore Cooper

41．William Sidney Porter was the real name of ________. B.O’ Henry

42．Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story A Rose for Emily, can be regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities except______. D.harmony ａnd integrity

43．Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin?

D.Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.

44．“Two roads diverged in a yellow woods” is the first line in a poem written by Robert Frost entitled __________. A.The Road Not Taken

45．The novel Sister Carrie opens with a description of Carrie on a train trip to the city of _______ looking for a factory job. D.Chicago

1．According to Mathew Arnold, one poem written by William Cullen Bryant was the “most perfect brief poem in the language”. The title of the poem is __________. B.“To a Waterfowl”

2．"The American Scholar" is an essay written by the famous philosopher ---. C. Ralph Waldo Emerson

3．Among the following, only one can not be a possible theme of the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It is _________. D.spiritual emptiness

4．Among the following 3 authors the one who later became a naturalized British citizen was ---. C.Henry James

5．Ernest Hemingway's Last important literary work is ---. A.the old man ａnd the sea

6．The leader of the American Transcendentalism is _________. B.Ralph Waldo Emerson

7．The “green light” in The Great Gatsby symbolizes __________. D.the American dream

8．the lines “to the glory that was greece, ／ａnd the grａndeur that was rome” were quoted ｆrom poe’s poem __________. B.To Helen

9．The short novel The Turn of the Screw was written by ________. A.Henry James

10．The Author of the short story "A Gift for Maggie" is ---. A. O. Henry

11．Henry David Thoreau built his cabin beside the lake of Walden in the year ___. B.1845

12．The first American writer who propounded that a piece of literary work should focus on the production of a single emotional effect is ___. C.Edgar Ellan Poe

13．Among the following 3 poets the one who was once imprisoned for political reasons is ---. C.Ezra Pound

14．Among the following authors the one who once visited China was ---. C.Ernest Hemingway

15．Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story A Rose for Emily, can be regarded as a symbol for all the

following qualities except______. D.harmony ａnd integrity

16．william faulkner once declared that ___ was the first truly american writer from whom we are descended.

D.Mark Twain

17．____ was considered to be the first American writer. C.John Smith

18．William Sidney Porter was the real name of ________. B.O’ Henry

19．The poem “The Indian Burying Ground” was written by the American poet ---. C.Philip Freneau

20．___ is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson. D. The Bells

21．__was the only American of his generation who could chide the British with humor. B.Washington Irving

22．Among the following philosophers, only one did not have an influence over the writings of Jack London. He is________. D.Foucault

23．The Waste Land was dedicated to another poet who was __________. B.Ezra Pound

24． Among the four novels written by Henry James, the one written first in chronological order is _________.

A.The Portrait of a Lady

25．The most popular novel to do with the abolition movement written by Harriet Beecher Stowe is ________.

B.Uncle Tom’s Cabin

26．The most famous sea story written by Jack London is _______. C.The Sea Wolf

27．the village near boston in which both emerson ａnd thoreau lived was called _________. B.Concord

28．Martin Eden was an autobiographical novel written by ---. B.Jack London

29．The writer who once said that all american literature came ｆrom Mark Twain’s Huck Finn is ___.

C.Ernest Hemingway

30．“The Black Cat” written by Poe is a _________. A.gothic Story

31．Benjy is a central character in Faulkner's novel ---. C.the sound ａnd the fury

32．Among the following fictions written by John Steinbeck, only one is about the Second World War. It is ______________. C. “The Moon Is Down”

33．among the following three american writers, only one has never been married in his ｏr her life. the person is ___. C.Emily Dickinson

34．The famous pamphlet Common Sense appearing in 1776 was written by __________. B.Thomas Paine

35． Among the following fictions, only one is not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is ___________.

36．“Ishmale” is the name of the narrator in the novel ___. A. Moby Dick

37．The American writer whose one essay greatly influenced later civil right leader Martin Luther King is ___.

C.Henry David Thoreau

38．“I become a transparent eye-ball. i am nothing. i see all. the currents of the universal being circulate through me; i am part ｏr particle of god.” the passage above is quoted ｆrom emerson’s essay _____. B.Nature

39．The Iceberg style is most thoroughly reflected in the writings of the American novelist ____.

B.Ernest Hemingway

40．____ Bryant’s best-known poem, was written when he was only sixteen years old. B.Thanatopsis

41．After the success of ____, Herman Melville became known as a man who lived among cannibals. A.Typee

42．Jack London did not write ______. C.The Ambassadors

43．. the jazz age, characterized by frivolity ａnd carelessness, refers to ________. B.1920s

44．_______, the ruthless, amoral protagonist of the The Sea Wolf, best realizes the ideal of the “Superman.”

B.Wolf Larsen

45．___ is not a name to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga. D.Mohican

判断：

46． american naturalism, like romanticism, had come ｆrom germany. 答案:错误

47．Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. 答案:正确

48．Cooper’s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. 答案:正确

49．The 19th century female poet Emily Dickinson was a forerunner of the modern Imagist poetry. 答案:正确

50．The short story writer O.Henry was once put into prison because he was a Nazi. 答案:错误

51．Though Emily Dickinson married twice in her life, love had never been a major theme in her poetry.答案:错误

52．"In a Station of the Metro" is a short poem written by Ezra Pound. 答案:正确

53．Henry David Thoreau once built a cabin beside the lake of Walden on the land of his neighbor Ralph Waldo Emerson. 答案:正确

46． emerson always applied the term transcendentalist to himself ｏr to his beliefs, fｏr he was the acknowledged leader of the movement. 答案:错误

47．The famous philosopher Williams James was the novelist Henry James' brother. 答案:正确

48．Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. 答案:正确

49． The Second World War led the American intellectuals to a bitter disillusionment, breeding what is called modernism. 答案:错误

50．The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists. 答案:正确

51．Cooper’s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. 答案:正确

52． Hawthorne, who seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin ａnd veil, never showed a positive part of the life. 答案:错误

53．“The Premature Burial” is a detective story written by Poe. 答案:错误

填空：

54．The iceberg style refers to the writing style of the American writer __________. 答案:Ernest Hemingway

55．Isabel Archer is the heroine of the novel ___, Henry James’s masterpiece. 答案:The Portrait of a Lady

56．Ezra pound’s major work of poetry is a long poem called ____. 答案:The Cantos

57．the title of the novel the sound ａnd the fury comes ｆrom a play written by ____.答案:William Shakespeare

58．The first edition of Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass was published in the year______. 答案:1855

59．The short novel The Mysterious Stranger was written by __________. 答案:Mark Twain

60．“The Young Housewife” is a poem written by __________. 答案:William Carlos Williams

61．The poet who won Nobel Prize in 1948 was _________. 答案: T. S. Eliot

62．The novelist Henry James had a brother who was famous for his study in psychology. The brother’s name is _______. 答案:William James

63．The poem “The Slave’s Dream” was written by ___________. 答案:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

64．One of Edwin Arlington Robinson’s early books, Captain Craig, came to the attention of president _____, who then offered him a clerk’s job in a customhouse. 答案:Theodore Roosevelt

65．Sister Carrie traces the material rise of carrie meeber ａnd the tragic decline of _____.答案:G. W. Hurstwood

66．in the 1920s, faulkner wrote a novel the first part of which was narrated ｆrom the view point of an idiot. the novel is _________. 答案:the sound ａnd the fury

67．The American author who was a direct predecessor of Conan Doyle was _________.答案:Edgar Allan Poe

68．Ezra Pound’s most famous short poem “In the Station of the Metro” has only ______ lines. 答案:two

54．The first permanent English settlement in North was established at ____ , Virginia. 答案:Jamestown

55． _____ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself. 答案:Martin Eden

56．The iceberg style refers to the writing style of the American writer __________. 答案:Ernest Hemingway

57．According to the Chinese scholar 钱钟书, the first English poem to be translated into Chinese was

_____________. 答案:A Psalm of Life

58．"Out of the Cradle, Endlessly Rocking” is a poem written by __________. 答案:Walt Whitman

59．The novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne that bears a direct allusion to the notorious Salem witchcraft trials is ________________. 答案:The House of the Seven Gables

60．The first line in the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” is _________.

答案:Whose woods these are I think I know

61． After his publication of ____, Whitman was praised by Emerson, who saw some transcendentalist trace in the poet. 答案:Leaves of Grass

62． At the inauguration of John F. Kennedy, ____ was invited to read his poetry when he was eighty-seven. 答案:Robert Frost

63. The novelist Henry James had a brother who was famous for his study in psychology. The brother’s name is _______. 答案:William James

64．“he was a gentleman ｆrom sole to crown,/ clean favored, ａnd imperially slim” are lines quoted ｆrom edwin arlington robinson’s poem _______. 答案:Richard Cory

65．The American writer who won Nobel Prize for literature in 1962 was _______. 答案:Ernest Hemingway

66．In Dickinson’s poem “Because I could not stop for Death”, the image of the “School” in the third stanza stands for _____________. 答案:youth

67．The second line in Pound’s poem “In a Station of the Metro” is _____.答案:Petals on a wet, black bough.

68．The famous poem “The British Prison Ship” was written by _______________.答案:Philip Freneau

阅读理解题

第69题 during the whole of a dull, dark, ａnd soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, i had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; ａnd at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy house of usher. i know not how it was --but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit.

1.what is the title of the work ｆrom which this passage is taken? 答案 2．Who was the author? 答案

3 What is the author's writing style as indicated by this passage?

答案

第70题

i celebrate myself, ａnd sing myself,

ａnd what i assume you shall assume, The Fall of the House of Usher

for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

i loafe ａnd invite my soul,

i lean ａnd loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

my tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd ｆrom this soil, this air,

born here of parents born here ｆrom parents the same, ａnd their

parents the same,

i, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,

hoping to cease not till death.

AR3.3 (2.0) 分 who is the poet who wrote these lines?

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we delight in the stories

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